2024-2025学年高中英语同步课时作业7Unit1ScienceandScientistsReadingandThinking含解析新人教版选择性必修2

Unit1ReadingandThinking一、1.Themorepetrolandelectricitywec____________(消耗),themorecarbonwearelettingoff.2.Acharitygroupsetupastandsellingcookeds____________(香肠)andflowerstoraisefunds.3.Trulye____________(精致的)chopsticksmightbemadeofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.4.Hehasabadt____________(脾气)andwillnotlistentoanybody,soyou'dbetternotstandinhispath.5.Boysandgirls,doyourealizethatwhatyouwereinfavorofjustnowarej____________(无用的东西)foods?6.Priorto_________________(join)thiscompanyin2024,Bequelinwasemployedasaseniorresearcher.7.Wetend_________________(think)thatthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarⅡwasatimeofprosperityandgrowth.8.InternetshoppingisquitepopularamongChinesepeopleandhasbecomeanewwayof_________________(consume).9.Teacultureis_________________(vary)indifferentcountriesbythewayteaismadeanddrunk,andbytheplacesforteadrinking.10.___________(tire)andhungry,thetouristswantedtofindarestauranttohavesomethingtoeat.二、选词填空(可变换形式)referto,priorto,consistof,ontheotherhand,bestuffedwith,asaresult,ataminimum,handinhand1.

Wehaven'tseenourneighborforlongandhisletterbox

_______________

lettersandallkindsofleaflets.2.

TolearnEnglishwell,youshouldlearntennewwords

_______________

everyday.3.

Allthearrangementsshouldhavebeencompletedontheday

_______________

ourdeparture.4.

Allelectroniccomputers

_______________

fiveunitsalthoughtheyareofdifferentkinds.5.

Hefelloffthebikeonthewayhomeandhurthislegyesterday.

_______________,hehadtobeawayfromschoolforsometime.6.

Thereissomeevidencethatpovertyandpoorhealthoftengo

_______________.7.

Todrawuptheplan,theywenttothelibraryto

_______________

manybooks.8.

Ontheonehand,Iwanttogototheparty,but

_______________

Ioughttoprepareforthemathstest.三、

USfoodauthorM.F.K.Fisheroncewroteabouthumans,"Firstweeat,thenwedoeverythingelse."

ThisiswhyeachyearwecelebrateWorldFoodDay,whichfallsonOct.16.Butregardlessoftheimportanceoffoodaroundtheworld,foodculturesoftendiffergreatlyfromcountrytocountry.Forexample,thingslikechickenfeet,duckheads,andpigbrainsarecommonlyeateninAsia.IfyouaskedmostWesternerstotryoneofthesethings,though,theverythoughtofitwouldprobablybeenoughtomakethemgiveupmeataltogether.

Atthesametime,however,themajorityofpeopleinWesternnationsregardthemselvesasmeateaters.So,whatcouldbethereasonbehindthisdoublestandard?

Thereareanumberofpossibleanswerstothatquestion,yetonemajorreasoncouldlieinrecentculturalchanges.Duringthemid-20thcenturyandtheyearsfollowingit,eatingmostpartsofananimalwascommoninmanyWesterncountriessuchastheUK—perhapsowingtorationing(定量配给政策)asaresultofWorldWarII(1939—1945).

Butlater,duringthe1960sand1970s,followingtheintroductionofhighwaysintheUSandtheUK,thepopularityofsupermarketsinthosecountriesincreased,wroteFrancescoBurnett,authorofCulturalHistoryofMeat:1900-ThePresent.

Thankstothepopularityandconvenienceofsupermarketswhichtendnottosellanimalpartssuchastheheadsorlimbs(四肢),thepublic'sattitudetomeatsoonshifted."The'animal'graduallydisappearedfrommeat,andpeople'signoranceaboutwhatanimalthemeattheyatecamefromincreased."Burnettadded.

Asaresult,it'sbelievedthatmanyWesternculturesslowlybegantoviewmeatassimplyafoodproduct,ratherthanassomethingthatcamefromananimal.

However,thistheorymaygoevenfurtherbackifwelookatthewordstheEnglishlanguageusestodescribemeat."We'de-animalize'certainfoodsthatweeatbygivingthemdifferentnames,"HalHerzog,authorofWhyIt'sSoHardToThinkStraightAboutAnimals,toldonlinemagazineGrist."Wedon'tsayit'scookedpig;wesayit'spork.Andwedon'tsayhamburgerismadeofcow;wesayit'smadeofbeef."

Soitseemsthatthere'snotonesimpleanswertothisquestion.Whenitcomestoeatingmeat,however,perhapsweshouldsimplyjustenjoythetaste.1.Themainpurposeofthefirstthreeparagraphsisto__________.A.introducevariousfoodculturesB.stressWesterners'loveforfoodC.showdifferencesinChineseandWesternfoodculturesD.drawattentiontoWesterners,"de-animalizing"meat2.Whatchangedpeople'sattitudestowardmeatinthe1960sand1970s?A.Thewordsusedtodescribemeat. B.Theriseofsupermarkets.C.Theneedforahealthierlifestyle. D.Theintroductionofhighways.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ignorance"meaninParagraph6?A.Blindness. B.Fear. C.Misunderstanding. D.Challenge.四、

ItwasNewYeartime.Weweretravellinginavan(小型货车)distributingtoystothehomeless.Whenwe

1

thespot,somethingcaughtmyeyes.Somethingorsomeonewasmovingintherubbish.SoonI

2

thatitwasthehomeofapoorfamily.Thereweretwo

3

,bothofaboutmyageatthetime,andaladyIsupposedtobetheirmother.Theysattherehopelessly.

AsalittlegirlmyselfIwas

4

interestedinthelittlegirl.How

5

ourliveswere.Shelivedfortheday,

6

throughtherubbishforsomethingtofillherstomach.Iontheotherhandwaswelllookedafterandneverhadtoworryabout

7

.Ihadagoodeducationandthusa

8

future.Ilookedatthelittlegirl.Theonly

9

shehadwastheworn-outdressthatshewaswearing.

SeeingthislittlegirlImadethedecisiontogiveawayadollthathadbelongedtomeforawhile.Whenthevancametoa

10

,Isteppedout,calledthegirloverandplacedthedollinherhand.Atfirstshelookedatmewith

11

andwasn'tcertainwhattodo,butthenshesmiledandIsaw

12

inhereyes.Iwentbackintothevehicleandwestartedto

13

off,andthatwaswhenwerealizedthelittlegirlwasrunning

14

.Westoppedagainandopenedthedoor.Thegirlhad

15

withus.Shelookeddirectlyatmeandsaidtwosimplewords"ThankYou".1.A.left

B.changed

C.chose

D.approached

2.A.guaranteed

B.realized

C.decided

D.accepted

3.A.boys

B.children

C.drivers

D.adults

4.A.still

B.less

C.especially

D.probably

5.A.similar

B.different

C.difficult

D.ordinary

6.A.searching

B.getting

C.running

D.breaking

7.A.food

B.safety

C.health

D.transport

8.A.doubtful

B.distant

C.promising

D.foreseeable

9.A.present

B.decoration

C.requirement

D.possession

10.A.station

B.stop

C.street

D.signal

11.A.anger

B.pain

C.surprise

D.disappointment

12.A.hope

B.loneliness

C.anxiety

D.astonishment

13.A.walk

B.get

C.lift

D.drive

14.A.behind

B.away

C.out

D.in

15.A.gotalong

Bealong

C.caughtup

D.turnedup

答案以及解析一、1.答案：consume解析：句意:我们消耗的汽油和电越多,我们排放的碳就越多。2.答案：sausages解析：句意:一个慈善组织摆摊卖烤香肠和花来筹集资金。3.答案：elegant解析：句意:真正精致的筷子可能是用金和银制成的,上面刻有汉字。4.答案：temper解析：句意:他脾气不好,不会听取任何人的话,所以你最好不要挡他的路。5.答案：junk解析：句意:孩子们,你们意识到你们刚才赞成的是垃圾食品吗?6.答案：joining解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:在2024年加入该公司之前,Bequelin曾担当高级探讨员。Priorto中的to是介词,后应跟动词-ing形式。7.答案：tothink解析：考查tend的用法。句意:我们倾向于认为二战后紧接着的几十年是旺盛和增长的时期。tend后接不定式作宾语,表示"倾向于/往往会做某事"。这里thedecades是作为一个整体来看待的,所以从句谓语动词用单数。8.答案：consumption解析：考查词形转换。句意:网上购物在中国很受欢迎,已经变成一种新的消费途径。由空前的of并结合句意可知,空处应填consumption。9.答案：varied/various解析：考查词形转换。句意:在不同的国家,茶文化因茶的制作和饮用方式以及喝茶的地点而有所不同。由空前的is可知,空处应用形容词作表语,表示"各种各样的,不相同的",故填varied/various。10.答案：Tired解析：句意:又累又饿,游客们想找家饭店吃点东西。此处是形容词作状语,表示“乏累的”,所以填Tired。二、答案：1.isstuffedwith2.ataminimum3.priorto4.consistof5.Asaresult6.handinhand7.referto8.ontheotherhand三、答案：(1)-(3)ABA

解析：(1).推理推断题。依据其次段中"Butregardlessoftheimportanceoffoodaroundtheworld,foodculturesoftendiffergreatlyfromcountrytocountry."可知,不同国家的饮食文化有很大的差异,所以前三段的目的是介绍不同的饮食文化,故选A。

(2).细微环节理解题。依据第五段中"duringthe1960sand1970s,followingtheintroductionofhighwaysintheUSandtheUK,thepopularityofsupermarketsinthosecountriesincreased"可知,在20世纪60年头和20世纪70年头,随着高速马路在美国和英国的引入,超市在这些国家普及开来,以及第六段中"Thankstothepopularityandconvenienceofsupermarketswhichtendnottosellanimalpartssuchastheheadsorlimbs(四肢),thepublic'sattitudetomeatsoonshifted."可知,由于超市的普及和便利,(超市里)很少售卖如头、四肢这样的动物部位,公众对于肉的看法很快也发生了变更。所以是超市数量的增加变更了人们对肉的看法。故选B。

(3).词义揣测题。依据第六段中"The'animal'graduallydisappearedfrommeat"(‘动物’渐渐从肉类中消逝),再依据第七段"Asaresult,it'sbelievedthatmanyWesternculturesslowlybegantoviewmeatassimplyafoodproduct,ratherthanassomethingthatcamefromananimal."可知,很多西方文化渐渐地起先将肉类仅仅视为一种食品,而不是来自动物的东西。也就是人们对肉的来源不了解,"ignorance"与"blindness"意思接近,在此处意为“不了解”,故选A。四、答案：1-5.DBBCB;6-10.AACDB;11-15.CADAC

解析：1.依据第三段中的“Whenthevancametoa_________,Isteppedout”可知,当我们接近(approach)目的地的时候,有东西引起“我”的