2022-2023学年浙江省高三上学期12月月考英语试题及答案

2022-2023学年浙江省高三上学期12月月考英语试题及答案考生须知：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)。满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。第一部分听力(共两节，20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatdoesthemanmean?A．HeisnotinterestedinthecityofWashington.B．HeprefersLosAngelestoWashington.C．Heusedtohesitatewheretogo.2．Whatistheman’sreactiontothenews?A．Heisangry.B．Heissurprised.C．Hedoesn’tcare.3．Howmightthewomanfeel?A．Uneasy.B．Disappointed.C．Unconcerned.4．Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheparty?A．Hedoesn’tlikethepartB．Hehatestopreparefortheparty.C．Itisworthwhiletopreparefortheparty.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A．Howcustomerscouldbebestserved.B．Whatkindofstorescanofferlowerprices.C．Whetheronlinestoreswillreplacehigh-streetstores.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你都有时间回答有关小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答6-7题。6．Whattimewastheplaneoriginallyscheduledtoleave?A．At3:00.B．At4:00.C．At5:00.7．Whyisthewomanworried?A．Theweatherisbad.B．Thereportisn’tfinished.C．Anappointmentwillbepostponed.听下面一段对话，回答8-10题。8．Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A．Theman’sfavoritefood.B．PopularfoodinBelgium.C．Belgianeatinghabits.9．Howlongdidtheman’sChristmasdinnertakelastyear?A．About6hours.B．About5hours.C．About3hours.10．Whatmaypeopletheredoafterabigdinner?A．Theyeatasmuchasusual.B．Theytakeexercisetokeepfit.C．Theyeatlessinthefollowingdays.听下面一段对话，回答11-13小题。11．Howdoesthewomanfeelabouttheresultofthecompetition?A．Excited.B．Delighted.C．Disappointed.12．Whowasthewinner?A．Amber.B．Mary.C．Linda.13．What’stheman’sopinionaboutthejudges?A．Theywerenotfair.B．Theymadeaharddecision.C．Theydidnotlistencarefully.听下面一段独白，回答14-17题。14．Whatmadethemandecidetostudymedicinefinally?A．Hisownexperience.B．Histeachers’advice.C．Hisparents’influence.15．Whatdidthemandowhenhesawawomanontheground?A．Tookhertothehospital.B．Walkedbacktohisdormitory.C．Gavehermouth-to-mouthbreathing.16．Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A．Inauniversity.B．Inatelevisionstudio.C．Inanemergencyroom.17．WhatisDr.Josephgoingtotalkabout?A．Firstaidmethods.B．Somehappiermoments.C．Hisworkinthehospital.听下面一段独白，回答18-20题。18．WhatdoesASO-Smainlydo?A．Dosolarobservation.B．Makeweatherforecasting.C．StudytheEarth’satmosphere.19．HowlongwillASO-Sstayinorbitatleast?A．Fouryears.B．Fortyhours.C．Seventyyears.20．WhyisASO-Ssomeaningful?A．Itcanblockthesun’sradiation.B．ItmayfillChina’sgapinthefield.C．Itisthefirstsolarsatelliteglobally.第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThisdocumentsetsoutthedisplaystandardsforGlasgowMuseums.Thisguidewillhelpexhibitionplannersprovideaccesstoexhibitionsinourmuseums.GlasgowMuseums’aimistoimproveaccesstocollectionsbyhavingasmanyitemsaspossibleondisplayandwithoutphysicalbarriers.Wealsotryoutbesttoprotecttheseobjectswithoutlimitingaccesstothem.ObjectPlacement•Don’tplaceobjectsinsuchawaythattheycouldpresentadangertovisitors.•Allobjectdisplays,casedorotherwise,mustbeviewablebyall,includingpeoplewhoaresmallinfigureorinwheelchairs.OpenDisplay•Allobjectsonopendisplaymustbesecurefromtheftanddamage.•Allobjectsidentifiedforpotentialopendisplaymustbeviewedandagreedonanobject-to-objectbasisbytheSecurityManagerofthemuseum.RecommendationsDistanceRecommendeddistancetoplaceobjectsoutof“casualarm’s700mmlength”(takenfromtheedgeoftheobjecttotheedgeofanyproposedformofbarrier)700mm*Insomecases,600mmmaybeacceptable,providedtheplinthheightisabove350mm.CasedObjects•Allcaseddisplaysshouldfallwithinthegeneraloptimum(最优的)viewingbandof750-2000mm.Ensureeverythingisvisuallyaccessiblefromawheelchair.•Positionsmallobjectsorthosewithfinedetailinthefrontpartofacase,withlargeritemsbehind.•Positionsmallitemsorthosewithfinedetailnohigherthan1015mmfromfloorlevel.Objectsplacedabovethisheightareonlyseenfrombelowbypeopleinwheelchairsorpeoplewhoaresmallinfigure.1.Fromthispassage,wecanlearnthatGlasgowMuseums________.A.limitaccesstoexhibitionsonadailybasis B.aremostwell-knownforitslargecollectionC.makegenerousdonationstothedisabled D.giveweighttotheexperiencesofvisitors2.Accordingtotheguide,objectstobeplacedonopendisplaymust________.A.beequippedwithanti-theftsystem B.beviewedfromadistanceof700mmC.receiveapprovalfromthemuseumfirst D.fallwithinarms’reachofastandingman3.Amotherandher10-year-oldsonarelikelytobothfeelcomfortableinfrontofadiamondplacedinaglasscaseattheheightof________.A.1250mm B.950mm C.650mm D.450mm【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了格拉斯哥博物馆对参展物品所规定的展示标准和要求。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“GlasgowMuseums’aimistoimproveaccesstocollectionsbyhavingasmanyitemsaspossibleondisplayandwithoutphysicalbarriers.”（格拉斯哥博物馆的目标是通过展示尽可能多的物品，并且没有物理障碍，来改善人们对藏品的访问）可知从这段话中，我们可以了解到格拉斯哥博物馆重视游客的体验。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三部分“Allobjectsidentifiedforpotentialopendisplaymustbeviewedandagreedonanobject-to-objectbasisbytheSecurityManagerofthemuseum.”（所有被确定为可能开放展示的物品必须由博物馆的安全经理逐个查看并同意），可知根据该指南，公开展示的物品必须首先获得博物馆的批准。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一部分“Allcaseddisplaysshouldfallwithinthegeneraloptimum(最优的)viewingbandof750-2000mm.Ensureeverythingisvisuallyaccessiblefromawheelchair.”（所有带外壳的显示器应在750-2000mm的一般最佳观看范围内。确保所有东西都可以从轮椅上看到。）以及“Positionsmallitemsorthosewithfinedetailnohigherthan1015mmfromfloorlevel.”（摆放小物件或有细节的物件，距离地面不超过1015mm）可知一位母亲和她10岁的儿子在放在950毫米高的玻璃盒子里的钻石面前都会感到很舒服。故选B项。BItneveroccurredtomewhenIwaslittlethatgardenswereanythinglessthanglamorousplaces.Granddad’sgardenwasonthebankofariverandslopedgentlydowntowardsthewater.Youcouldn’treachtheriverbutyoucouldhearthesoundofthewaterandthebirdsthatsanginthetreesabove.Iimaginedthatallgardenswerelikethis—____4____.Granddad’splotwasnothingoutoftheordinarywhenitcametofeatures.Hehadnothingasgrandasagreenhouse,unlikesomeofhisneighbors.Notthattheyhadproper“bought”greenhouses.Patchesofplasticwouldbetackedinplacewhereacarelesslywieldedspadehadsmashedapaneofglass.Athome,hisson,myfather,couldbequietandwithdrawn.Iwouldn’twanttomakehimsoundhumorless.Hewasn’t.Sillythingswouldamusehim.Hehadphrasesthathelikedtouse,“It’simmaterialtome”beingoneofthem.“Idon’tmind”wouldhavedonejustaswellbuthelikedtheword“immaterial.”Irealizethat,deepdown,hewasprobablydisappointedthathehadn’tmademoreofhislife.Heleftschoolwithoutqualificationsandbecameapprenticedtoaplumber.Plumbingwasnotsomethinghewaspassionateabout.Itwasjustwhathedid.Hewasneverparticularlyambitious,thoughtherewasamomentwhenheandMumthoughtofemigratingtoCanada,butitcametonothing.Wherehecameintohisownwasaroundthehouse.Hehadan“eyeforthejob.”Beitbookshelvesoracupboard—whathecouldachievewasastonishing.Ofthethreeoptions,moors,woodsorriver—theriverwastheonethatusuallygotmyvote.OnastretchoftheriverIwasallowedtodisappearwithmyimaginationintoanotherworld,anidealworlddefinedbymyself.WithafishingnetovermyshoulderIcouldsetoffinsandalsthatwerelastyear’smodel,withthefrontscutouttoaccommodatetoesthatwerenowrighttotheend.I’dwalkalongtheriverbanklookingforasuitablespotwhereIcouldtakeoffthepainfulsandalsandleavethemwithmypicnicwhileIventuredout,tentatively,peeringthroughthewaterforanyfishthatIcouldscoopupwiththenetandtakehome.Iwantedtoleaveschoolassoonaspossiblebutthatseemedanunlikelyprospectuntilonedaymyfatherannounced,“They’vegotavacancyforanapprenticegardenerintheParksDepartment.Ithoughtyoumightbeinterested.”InonebriefmomentDadhadgoneagainsthisbetterjudgment.HemightstillhavepreferreditifIbecameacarpenter.ButIliketofeelthatsomewhereinsidehimwasafeelingthatthingsmightjustturnoutforthebest.MaybeI’mdeceivingmyself,butIprefertobelievethatinhisheart,althoughhehatedgardeninghimself,he’dwatchedmedoingitforlongenoughandnoticedmyunfailingpassionforallthingsthatgrewandfloweredandfruited.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputintheblankinthefirstparagraph?A.anythingbutprosperous. B.aplaceofescape,peaceandsolitude.C.anythingbutdynamic. D.aplaceofluxury,chaosandfantasy.5.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetohisfatherinthesecondparagraph?A.Hewasregretfulthathisfatherhadbeendiscriminatedforbeingstubborn.B.Hewasirritatedthathisfatherusedvaguewordstoexpresshimself.C.Hewassympathetictothereasonswhyhisfatherbehavedashedid.D.Hewasself-contradictorythathisfatherformedacoldbondwithhim.6.Whatcanyouinferfromthewholepassage?A.Irejectedtobesophisticatedasmyfatherbutactuallylackedcouragetoremoveconventionallabels.B.IwasagiftedandendowedfishermanwithincrediblesympathyandempathyforthefishIhadcaught.C.Thefatherdroppedoutofschoolreluctantlyandimposedhisdreamtobeacarpenteronhisson.D.MycarefreechildhoodexperiencesembodiedmynatureofpursuingforthekindoffreedomIwanted.7.Whatisthemessagethewriterwanttoconvey?A.Livingwithoutamotiveisequaltosailingwithoutacompass.B.Despiteother’smockeries,fragrantflowersareontheupway.C.Passion,ifnotdeserted,equipsyouwithchancestobepaidoffeventually.D.Reflectionandinteractionserveastentativetreatmentsforbridgingthegap.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.C【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作者从小就喜欢园艺，但是他的父亲却想让他成为一名木匠。后来，作者的父亲被儿子对园艺的热情打动，从而同意了作者的想法。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“ItneveroccurredtomewhenIwaslittlethatgardenswereanythinglessthanglamorousplaces.Granddad’sgardenwasonthebankofariverandslopedgentlydowntowardsthewater.Youcouldn’treachtheriverbutyoucouldhearthesoundofthewaterandthebirdsthatsanginthetreesabove.Iimaginedthatallgardenswerelikethis(当我小的时候，我从来没有想过花园是一个不那么迷人的地方。爷爷的花园在河岸上，向水缓缓倾斜。你无法到达河边，但你可以听到水的声音和鸟儿在树上唱歌的声音。我想象所有的花园都是这样的)”可知，上文是作者对爷爷的花园的看法——安静、迷人，让他逃离了外面的喧嚣和烦恼，一个人享受那里的静谧。接下来的破折号就是在总结在作者心中的花园的样子：一个逃避、和平又孤独的地方，和选项B意思一致。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Irealizethat,deepdown,hewasprobablydisappointedthathehadn’tmademoreofhislife.Heleftschoolwithoutqualificationsandbecameapprenticedtoaplumber.Plumbingwasnotsomethinghewaspassionateabout.Itwasjustwhathedid.(我意识到，在内心深处，他可能对自己的生活没有得到更多的回报感到失望。他没有获得学历就离开了学校，成为了一名水管工的学徒。水暖不是他热衷的事情。他仅仅是在做着他所做的事情。)”可知，作者对父亲并不是真正的喜欢所做的事情而表示同情。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“ItneveroccurredtomewhenIwaslittlethatgardenswereanythinglessthanglamorousplaces.Granddad’sgardenwasonthebankofariverandslopedgentlydowntowardsthewater.Youcouldn’treachtheriverbutyoucouldhearthesoundofthewaterandthebirdsthatsanginthetreesabove.Iimaginedthatallgardenswerelikethis(当我小的时候，我从来没有想过花园是一个不那么迷人的地方。爷爷的花园在河岸上，向水缓缓倾斜。你无法到达河边，但你可以听到水的声音和鸟儿在树上唱歌的声音。我想象所有的花园都是这样的)”和第三段“Ofthethreeoptions,moors,woodsorriver—theriverwastheonethatusuallygotmyvote.OnastretchoftheriverIwasallowedtodisappearwithmyimaginationintoanotherworld,anidealworlddefinedbymyself.WithafishingnetovermyshoulderIcouldsetoffinsandalsthatwerelastyear’smodel,withthefrontscutouttoaccommodatetoesthatwerenowrighttotheend.I’dwalkalongtheriverbanklookingforasuitablespotwhereIcouldtakeoffthepainfulsandalsandleavethemwithmypicnicwhileIventuredout,tentatively,peeringthroughthewaterforanyfishthatIcouldscoopupwiththenetandtakehome.(在这三种选择中，荒野、树林或河流——河流通常是我投票的选择。在一段河上，我被允许带着想象消失在另一个世界，一个由我自己定义的理想世界。肩上挂着渔网，我就可以穿着去年的款式凉鞋出发了，鞋子的前襟被剪开，以适应现在的脚趾。我会沿着河岸走，寻找一个合适的地方，在那里我可以脱掉痛苦的凉鞋，把它们留在野餐（用具）中，而我则冒险走出去，试探性地从水中寻找任何我可以用网捞起来带回家的鱼。)”可知，作者无忧无虑的童年经历体现了他追求自由的天性。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Iwantedtoleaveschoolassoonaspossiblebutthatseemedanunlikelyprospectuntilonedaymyfatherannounced,“They’vegotavacancyforanapprenticegardenerintheParksDepartment.Ithoughtyoumightbeinterested.”InonebriefmomentDadhadgoneagainsthisbetterjudgment.HemightstillhavepreferreditifIbecameacarpenter.ButIliketofeelthatsomewhereinsidehimwasafeelingthatthingsmightjustturnoutforthebest.MaybeI’mdeceivingmyself,butIprefertobelievethatinhisheart,althoughhehatedgardeninghimself,he’dwatchedmedoingitforlongenoughandnoticedmyunfailingpassionforallthingsthatgrewandfloweredandfruited.(我想尽快离开学校，但这似乎不太可能，直到有一天，我父亲宣布：“他们有一个公园部学徒园丁的空缺。我想你可能会感兴趣。”在一个短暂的时间里，父亲违背了他更好的判断。如果我成为一名木匠，他可能还是更喜欢它。但我喜欢感觉他内心深处有一种感觉，事情可能会变得最好。也许我在自欺欺人，但我更愿意相信，在他心里，尽管他自己讨厌园艺，但他看着我做园艺已经足够长时间了，并注意到我对所有生长、开花和结果实的事物的永恒热情。)”可知，作者想表达的意思是：因为他一直没有放弃对园艺的热情，所以他的梦想最终被父亲接受。故选C。CPublicdistrustofscientistsstemsinpartfromtheblurringofboundariesbetweenscienceandtechnology,betweendiscoveryandmanufacture.Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.Politiciansremindtheirvotersofthesplendidmachines“ourscientists”haveinvented,thenewdrugstorelieveolddisorders,andthenewsurgicalequipmentandtechniquesbywhichpreviouslyunmanageableconditionsmaynowbetreatedandlivessaved.Atthesametime,thepoliticiansdemandofscientiststhattheytailortheirresearchto“economicsneeds”,andthattheyawardahigherprioritytoresearchproposalsthatare“nearthemarket”andcanbetranslatedintothegreatestreturnoninvestmentintheshortesttime.Dependent,astheyare,onpoliticiansformuchoftheirfunding,scientistshavelittlechoicebuttocomply.Liketherestofus,theyaremembersofasocietythatratesthecreationofwealthasthegreatestpossiblegood.Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.Insuchcircumstancesnooneshouldbetoohardonpeoplewhoaresuspiciousofconflictsofinterest.Whenwelearnthatthedistinguishedprofessorassuringusofthesafetyofaparticularproductholdsaconsultancywiththecompanymakingitwecannotbeblamedforwonderingwhetherhisfeemightconceivablycloudhisprofessionaljudgment.Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofsomeofhisresearchfunding.Thisattitudecanhavedamagingeffects.Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemascorruptible.Thismakesiteasiertodismissallscientificpronouncements,butespeciallythosemadebythescientistswhopresentthemselvesas“experts”.Thescientistmostlikelytounderstandthesafetyofanuclearreactor,forexample,isanuclearengineer,andanuclearengineerismostlikelytobeemployedbythenuclearindustry.Ifanuclearengineerdeclaresthatareactorisunsafe,webelievehim,becauseclearlyitisnottohisadvantagetolieaboutit.Ifhetellsusitissafe,ontheotherhand,wedistrusthim,becausehemaywellbeprotectingtheemployerwhopayshissalary.8.Whatisthechiefconcernofmostgovernmentswhenitcomestoscientificresearch?A.Thedeclineofpublicexpenditure. B.Quickeconomicreturns.C.Thebudgetforaresearchproject. D.Supportfromthevoters.9.Whywon’tscientistscomplainaboutthegovernment’spolicyconcerningscientificresearch?A.Theyrealizetheyworkinanenvironmenthostiletothefreepursuitofknowledge.B.Theyknowittakesincrediblepatiencetowinsupportfromthepublic.C.Theythinkcompliancewithgovernmentpolicyisintheinterestsofthepublic.D.Theyareaccustomedtokeepingtheiropinionssecretstothemselves.10.Accordingtotheauthor,peoplearesuspiciousoftheprofessionaljudgmentofscientistsbecause________.A.someofthemdonotgiveprioritytointellectualhonestyB.sometimestheyhidethesourceoftheirresearchfundingC.theycouldbeinfluencedbytheirassociationwiththeprojectconcernedD.theirpronouncementsoftenturnouttobeshort-sightedandabsurd11.Whydoestheauthorsaythatpublicdistrustofscientistscanhavedamagingeffects?AScientiststhemselvesmaydoubtthevalueoftheirresearchfindings.B.Itmaywearouttheenthusiasmofscientistsforindependentresearch.C.Itmakesthingsmoretrivialforscientiststoseekresearchfunds.D.Peoplewillnotbelievescientistsevenwhentheytellthetruth.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。公众对科学家的不信任在一定程度上源于科学与技术、发现与制造之间界限的模糊。大多数政府，也许是所有政府，从科学事业过去和将来所带来的经济利益的角度来为料学研究的公共并支辩护。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.(大多数政府，也许是所有政府，都以科学事业在过去和将来所带来的经济效益来证明在科学研究上的公共支出是合理的)”可知，说到科学研究，大多数政府最关心的是快速的经济回报。故选B项【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.(许多人有保留意见，但在他们看来，在一种不利于追求理解本身和探究、创造精神的气氛中，他们把这些意见保留了下来)”可知，科学家们不抱怨政府的科研政策是因为他们意识到他们在一个不利于自由追求知识的环境中工作。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofsomeofhisresearchfunding.(即使教授没有在任何公司担任顾问，一些人可能仍然不信任他，因为他与那些做顾问的人有联系，或者至少想知道他的一些研究资金的来源)”可知，根据作者的观点，人们怀疑科字家的专业判断，因为他们可能会受到与他们有相关项目的联系的影响。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thismakesiteasiertodismissallscientificpronouncements,butespeciallythosemadebythescientistswhopresentthemselvesas“experts”.(这使得人们更容易忽视所有的科学声明，尤其是那些以“专家”自居的科学家所发表的声明)”可知，作者说公众对科学家的不信任会产生破坏性的影响是因为即使科学家说的是事实，人们也不会相信。故选D项。DThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand’sEmploymentRelationsAct2000(ERA)preventanemployerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcause.Instead,dismissalsmustbejustified.Employersmustbothshowcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway.Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom“unjustifieddismissals”.Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawofcontractlackedsufficientprotectionforworkersagainstarbitraryconductbymanagement.Longgonearethedayswhenabosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractualnotice.Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverallperformance.ThedifferencebetweenC-gradeandA-grademanagersmayverywellbethedifferencebetweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.Betweenpreservingthejobsofordinaryworkersorlosingthem.Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifyadismissal.Consequentlyandparadoxicallylawsintroducedtoprotectthejobsofordinaryworkersmaybeplacingthosejobsatrisk.Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlawsconstrainbusinessownersfromdismissingunder-performingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeonworkers’wages.Indeed,in“AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand’sProductivityParadox”(2014),theProductivityCommissionsingledoutthelowqualityofmanagerialcapabilitiesasacauseofthecountry’spoorproductivitygrowthrecord.NorarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmcausedbytheERA’sunjustifieddismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofireanemployee,employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.Thismakesitharderforthemarginalmanagertogainemployment.Andfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemploymentarrangementgoingwrong.Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.Stringentjobdismissalregulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverallwell-being.AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxbyexcludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified“high-incomethreshold”fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.InNewZealand,a2016privatemembers’Billtriedtopermitfirmsandhigh-incomeemployeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.However,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddownfollowingthechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear.12.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto________.A.disciplinedubiouscorporatepractices B.promotetraditionalhiringproceduresC.regulatetheprivilegesoftheemployers D.safeguardtherightsofordinaryworkers13.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph3thattheprovisionsmay________.A.hinderbusinessdevelopment B.justifymanagers’authorityC.affectthepublicimageofthefirms D.worsenlabor-managementrelations14.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.ERA’ssensibleapproachcorrespondswiththeinternationaltrendofdemocracy.B.Thesocietywillseeariseinwell-beingwiththeERA’sprocedurescarriedout.C.Non-proficientmanagerialcapabilitiesmakeemployeessufferfromsalarycuts.D.High-incomethresholdinAustraliaisrelativelybeneficialtobusinessowners.15.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthepersonalgrievanceprovisionsissuedbyERA?A.Appreciative B.Skeptical C.Optimistic D.Contradictory【答案】12.D13.A14.D15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者针对新西兰《雇佣关系法》的个人申诉条款禁止雇主没有正当理由的情况下解雇员工的条款发表个人观点，他认为这一条款有利于保护普通工人的利益，但是对企业和社会的发展也带来一定的阻碍作用。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom“unjustifieddismissals.”（个人申诉程序旨在保护普通工人的工作不受“不正当解雇”的影响。）可知，个人申诉程序的目的是保护普通工人的权益。故选D项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverallperformance.”（但是当这些规定适用于高新经理和高管时，会给企业带来困难。正如无数的董事会和企业主将证明的那样，限制公司解雇表现不佳，收入高的经理是提高生产率和整体业绩的一种阻碍。）可知，由于雇佣关系法的保护企业很难辞退业绩平庸的高管和经理，这就给企业的发展带来困难。故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxbyexcludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified“high-incomethreshold”fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.”（在塔斯曼海对岸，澳大利亚应对不正当解雇谬论的方法，是将收入超过特定“高收入门槛”的雇员排除在其不公平解雇法的保护之外。）可知，澳大利亚的企业主不接受雇佣关系法对高收入雇员的保护，推断出澳大利亚的高收入门槛对企业主相对有利。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.”（但是当这些规定适用于高薪经理和高管时，会给企业带来困难。）和第七段“Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.”（社会也遭受了过度就业保护带来的困难。）可推知，作者对于新西兰《雇佣关系法》的个人申诉条款所能带对于社会和企业的利益持有怀疑态度。故选B项。第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分;满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Overnight,eatingfriedchickeninthePeople’sSquareisOUT;instead,peoplestartedtodrinkHEEKCAAandeatBaoMaster.Thisyear,thequeuesinfrontofthedoorsof“Wanghongdelicacies”weresodensethatacupofteahasbeenhypedtoover80Yuanbyscalpers(黄牛)andlocalbloggersevencustomizedaone-daytourtoeatinShanghai.Toagreatextent,Wanghongphenomenondependsonmerchants’businessstrategy.____16____Businessalsoworksonpublicity.BeforeHEEKCAA’sarrivalinShanghai,ithasadvertisedthroughmicroblog,locallifeserviceandotherself-media,whichhasgeneratedacertainamountofheatamongthepublic.Oncepeoplemakethepurchase,the“senseofaccomplishment”willurgesomeofthemtoshowoffattheirWechatmoments,whichisgoodforbrandimage.Also,whenaproductisquicklyrecognizedbyconsumers,capitalswillcomeingreatnumbers.Theboostofcapitalsundoubtedlyhelpsthesubsequentpublicityofthebrand.____17____IntheInternetera,thespreadofinformationissofastthatitdoesn’tmatterwhethertheteatastesgoodorbad;it’sjustamatterofwhetheryoueverdrinkit.Thereisawordforthisbehavior—“fomo”,whichmeansfearofmissingout.OxfordUniversityprofessorsaidthisisnotnew.Associalanimals,humanshaveastrongdesiretobepartofagroup,tobeaccepted,recognized,valuedandremembered.Alittlebabycriesforahugandachildmakessmalltroubletogetnoticed.____18____It’sjustthatsocialmediatodaythatmakeiteasierforpeopletoperceiveotherpeople’slives,andhaveasenseoflossnottojointhemwhentheyknowwhatothersaredoing.10-20Yuanistheexchangevalueofmilktea,butit’sthesymbolvalueofthegoodsthatencouragespeopleto“pullthegrass”.Justlikethelipstick,mailboxandgraffitiwallthathavebeenonthelistofWanghong,peoplewanttouserelativelycontrollablespendingtogainsatisfactionfromamoments’thumbup.____19____Withthedevelopmentofsociety,consumersarenotjustbuyingaproductbutitsbrandcultureandqualityoflife,sotheappearanceoflightconsumingisinevitable.However,“Wanghongeconomy”isalwaysshort-livedbecausethisconsumergroupischangeableinaffection.Consumerswhocomeby“physicalattractiveness”willquicklyvanishifthereisnoimplicitvalueorconnotationtosupport.____20____Besides,consumersshouldmakerationalconsumptioninsteadofjustfollowingthetrend.A.Still,thesecuisinesholdstrongappealtoyoungconsumersaslongastheyareofhighqualityandgoodtastes.B.Aftertheybuytheproductandsendapicturetothemoments,perhapstheir“existentialanxiety”willbecured.C.Merchants