2025年郑州铁路职业技术学院高职单招高职单招英语2016-2024年参考题库含答案解析

2025年郑州铁路职业技术学院高职单招高职单招英语2016-2024年参考题库含答案解析（图片大小可自由调整）一、单选题(共50题)1、Thepolicewarnedus_____nearthebuildingonfire.

(1分)A、don’tgoB、tonotgoC、nottogoD、nogoing正确答案选项：参考答案：C解析警察警告我们不要靠近着火的大楼。固定搭配warnsb.(not)todosth.警告某人(不要)干某事

2、TheGreensdecided____forawalkinthepark.

(1分)A、goB、goesC、goingD、togo正确答案选项：参考答案：D解析本题考查decide用法decidetodosth决定去做某事.故选D

3、Myfather________adoctor.Heworksveryhard.

(1分)A、amB、isC、areD、be正确答案选项：参考答案：B解析我的父亲是个医生，他工作很努力。

4、Myfatherboughta（）carlastweek.(1分)A、fourseatB、fourseatsC、fourseat'sD、four-seat正确答案选项：参考答案：D解析考查复合形容词。句意为：“我爸爸上周买了一辆四座的汽车。”“数词+连字符+单数名词”构成复合形容词，作定语修饰名词。fourseat修饰名词car。故选D。

5、材料Therewasonceagroupofyoungpeoplesearchingeverywhereforhappiness,butwhattheygotwasonlyannoyance,griefandmisery.

Sothey（1）Socrates(苏格拉底)foradviceonwherehappiness（2）.But（3）givinganyanswers,Socratesaskedthemtohelpwithbuildinga（4）first.Thegroupofguyshadto（5）thetask,layingasidetheirownbusinessofseekinghappiness.Ittookthemalongtimetocutdownatalltree,diggingoutthecenter.Throughpainstakingeffort,theymadeacanoeoutofthetree.Theylaunchedthecanoeintoariver,andthen（6）togetherinit,singingwith（7）.

Socratesasked,“Mychildren,doyouhavehappinessnow?”Theyansweredinchorus:“We8behappier!”Socrates（9）,“That'sit!（10）youaretoobusypursuingsomethingtonoticeanythingbitter,happinesswilloccur.”

FromthestoryIgottoknowthathappiness（11）hidesbehindeverytinythingthatyouareinvolvedin,andthatyoumayonlygetpleasurethrough（12）workandcreativity.Wemayhaveto（13）paininourdailylifeandintheprocessof（14）happiness.Sometimeswetendtolookforhappinessin（15）things,likeanewcar,clothes,etc.Truelong-termhappiness,（16）,comesfromwithinour（17）andspirit.Sowhynotturnsufferinginto（18）life,andturntearsintothelightinyourheart?Onlyinthiswaycanwefindtruehappiness.

Somydearfriends,justrememberhappinessisastateofmindandamatterof（19）,andI（20）youallalifeofhappiness第8空填（）。(1分)A、mustn'tB、couldn'tC、shouldn'tD、needn't正确答案选项：参考答案：B解析考查情态动词词义辨析。mustn't意为“禁止”;couldn't意为“不能”;shouldn't意为“不应该”;needn't意为“不必”。根据上文可知，他们非常开心，所以此处是否定词和比较级连用表示最高级的意思，即我们再开心不过了。故选B.

6、_____anotherhour,Icanworkoutthisproblem.

(1分)A、GivingB、BeinggivenC、GivenD、Gave正确答案选项：参考答案：C解析Givenanotherhour,Icanworkoutworkoutthisproblem.给定一个小时,我可以解决这个问题。这是一个省略形式的条件状语从句,lfanotherhourisgiven,lcanalsoworkoutthisproblem.如果从句anotherhourisgiven条件成立,主句workoutthisproblem则成立.从句修饰动词workout.

7、材料After20yearsofmarriage,mywifewantedmetotakeanotherwomanoutto（1）.Shesaid,“Iloveyou,butIknowthisotherwomanlovesyoutoo.”

Theotherwomanthatmywifewantedmetovisitwasmymother,whohasbeenawidow(寡妇)for19years,butmybusylifehadmadeitimpossibletovisither（2）.ThatnightIcalledto（3）heroutfordinner.

“What'swrong?Areyouwell?”she'asked.Mymotheristhetypeofwomanwhosuspectsthatalatenight（4）isasignofbadnews.

“Ithoughtthatitwouldbepleasanttospendsometimewithyou,”I（5）.

Shethoughtaboutitforamoment,and（6）.Duringthedinner,wehadanagreeableconversation—（7）extraordinarybutrecenteventsofeachother'slife.

Beforewe（8）,shesaid,“I'llgooutwithyouagain,（9）onlyifyouletmeinviteyou.”

Afewdays（10）,mymotherdiedofaheartattack.It（11）sosuddenlythatIdidn'thaveachancetodoanythingforher.Afewdaysafterthefuneral,Ireceivedanenvelopewithare-ceipt(收据)fromthesameplacewheremotherandIhad（12）.Anattachednote（13）:

“Ipaidthisbill（14）.Iwasn'tsurethatIcouldbethere;butnevertheless,Ipaidfortwo（15）一oneforyouandtheotherforyour（16）.Youwillneverknowwhatthatnightmeantforme.I（17）you,son.”

Atthatmoment,I（18）theimportanceofsayingintime:“ILOVEYOU”.Giveyourfamilythe（19）theydeserve,becausesometimesthingscannotbe（20）till“someothertime”.第3空填（）。(1分)A、bringB、takeC、forceD、invite正确答案选项：参考答案：D解析考查动词词义辨析。bring意为“带来”;take意为“带走”;force意为“强迫”;invite意为“邀请”。根据上文可知，作者打电话邀请母亲出去吃饭。故选D。

8、Jimcan'tswim,（）.(1分)A、neithercanIB、neitherIcanC、sodoID、soIdo正确答案选项：参考答案：A解析考查倒装句。句意为：“Jim不会游泳，我也不会。”英语中，表示前者所说的情况也适合后者，表示否定时，用句型“Neither/Nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”。根据can't可知前者的否定情况也适合后者，且用情态动词can。故选A。

9、Mymotheroftenasksme_________.

(1分)A、nottosmokeB、tonotsmokeC、don'ttosmokeD、todon'tsmoke正确答案选项：参考答案：A解析我妈妈经常叫我不要抽烟。asksbtodosth：叫某人做某事；asksbnottodosth：叫某人不要做某事

10、Itwasrainingheavilyoutside.Thefathermadethechildren_____intheroom.

(1分)A、stayB、tostayC、stayingD、stayed正确答案选项：参考答案：A解析makesbdosth让某人做某事，这是make的使动用法

11、Doyouthinkitis（）usefuldictionary?(1分)A、theB、ofC、anD、a正确答案选项：参考答案：D

12、—Iguessyouwanttogoplaytennis.—__________.That’sexactlywhatIwasthinkingtoo.

(1分)A、Ididn’tgetitB、It’suptoyouC、YouneverknowD、Youreadmymind正确答案选项：参考答案：D解析

考查情景交际。句意：——我猜你想去打网球。——你猜透了我的心思。那就是我正在想着的事情。从回答的后半句可知，听话人同意说话人的意思。而A（不明白，不认同某人的说法）、B（决于你）和C（很难说，不可预知）都不符合语境。youreadmymind意为你知我心，符合语境，故选D。

13、________Thursday________FridayisOK,I'llbefreethen.

(1分)A、Either;orB、Both;andC、Neither;norD、So;that正确答案选项：参考答案：A解析星期四或者星期五可以，那时我有空。表示选择，Either;or是或者的意思

14、Idon’tthink____isanyneedforaguideonourjourney.

(1分)A、itB、thisC、thereD、that正确答案选项：参考答案：C解析考察宾语从句，根据地点状语onourjourney可知从句为therebe句型，表示某处有某物。故选C。我认为在旅途中没有找向导的必要。

15、Thereare（）daysinayear.(1分)A、threehundredsixty-fiveB、threehundredsandsixty-fiveC、threehundredandsixty-fiveD、twohundredsandsixty-five正确答案选项：参考答案：C解析考查基数词。句意为：“一年有365天。”数词的读法，十位和个位之间加连字符，百位和十位之间加and,十位是零，也用and补上，具体数字不加-s。故选C。

16、—JimandSonia,haveyoubroughtyourpaintings?—Yes,wehave.Look,theseare______.

(1分)A、weB、oursC、usD、our正确答案选项：参考答案：B解析--吉姆和索尼娅，你们把画带来了吗？--是的，我们有。看，这些是我们的.本题考查our和ours的区别，our是第一人称复数形容词性物主代词，只可用作定语；ours是第一人称复数名词性物主代词，可用作主语、表语或宾语。

17、Hello,mayIspeaktoMr.Smith,please?（）.(1分)A、Yes,youmayB、Sorry,youcan'tC、Yes,IamD、Holdon,please正确答案选项：参考答案：D

18、The______boywaslastseen______nearthebankofthelake.

(1分)A、missing;playingB、missing;playC、missed;playedD、missed;toplay正确答案选项：参考答案：A解析

考查非谓语动词。句意：那个失踪的男孩最后被看见时正在湖边玩。missing是形容词，作boy的定语，意思是失踪的。waslastseenplaying表示被看见时正在玩，play作宾语补足语，表示动作在进行，用现在分词。结合选项，故选A。

19、Hehas（）greatdealofinterestin（）English.(1分)A、a;anB、the;theC、a;/D、a;the正确答案选项：参考答案：C

20、-WhatdoyouthinkofAlice'sspokenEnglish?-Wonderful.Ithinknoonespeaks（）inourclass.(1分)A、betterB、bestC、wellD、good正确答案选项：参考答案：A解析考查副词的比较等级。句意为：“你觉得Alice的口语怎么样?—-很好。我认为在我们班没有人比她说得更好。”修饰动词speak应用副词，所以排除D;比较级的固定搭配：否定词+比较级，表示“不比……更”,等同于最高级的用法，所以排除B和C。故选A。

21、Shirleysenthim_______toexplainthereasonwhyshecouldn’tgotohisbirthdayparty.

(1分)A、oneletterortheotherB、aletteraftertheotherC、lettersafterlettersD、letterafterletter正确答案选项：参考答案：D解析雪莉给他写了一封又一封信，解释她为什么不能去参加他的生日聚会。答案选D。letterafterletter一封信又一封信的固定搭配

22、材料Twodaysago,Bob（1）aletterfromhisgirlfriend,Mary.Shewrote,“IwillleaveBeijingforLondonattenonJune3rd.Pleasemeetmeatthe（2）.”

NowBobwasstandingattheairportand（3）someflowers.Hewas（4）becauseMary'splanewasthreehourslate.But（5）knewwhy.Bobwalkedovertothebarattheairportandhadadrink,Hewalkedbacktothegate.Therewasstill（6）news.Hewalkedbacktothebarandhad（7）drink.

（8）,Mary'splanelandedandthepeopleontheplanestartedcomingout.Bobsmiledand（9）Mary.Afteratimehestopped（10）becausethatlastonefromtheplanewasnotMary.

Bobsaidtohimself,“（11）luck!What（12）?”Hewentovertotheinformationdesk.“MynameisBobWaston,”hesaid,“Haveyougotanymessage（13）me?”

“Yes,”saidthegirlstandingthere,“Atelephonemessagefrom（14）.”Withthesewords,shehandedhimapieceofpaper.“Mr.BobWaston,LondonAirport.Sorry,I'llreturnnextSunday.”

Bobthankedthegirlattheairport,gavethe（15）toherandsaidgood-bye.

第(6)选（）(1分)A、smile

B、

to

smile

C、

smiled

D、

smiling正确答案选项：参考答案：D

23、材料Standinginthestore'sentrance,I（1）thisstrangesight.MydadhadjustdroppedmeofftoshopforChristmas（2）,butmybrotherandhisfriendshadamorenoble（3）forshopping.

“DoyouthinkCaitlinwilllikethis?”oneoftheboysasked.Andmybrother,lookingrather（4）.wasstandinginfrontofashelfofsocks.“OK.Thepinkonewouldbeagoodidea,”I（5）.Hepickeduponeandpresentedittomefor（6）.

Theyusedupalltheir（7）,someofwhichtheyhadsavedupoverthecourseoftheyearforChristmasgifts.But,theyhadall（8）tospenditonCaitlin.

JustninedaysbeforeChristmas,Caitlin'shousehadbeen（9）tothegroundby（10）.Caitlinandherparentsallhadescaped.（11）,everythinginthehousewasengulfed(吞噬)inflames,includingtheChristmaspresents（12）tobewrapped(包装).

Theschoolwas（13）herbooksanduniforms.Andallthe（14）inCaitlin'sclassweretakinghershoppingforclotheswhiletheboyswereshoppingforthingslikescarvesandsocks.

Whenwegothome,mybrotherbroughteverythinghehad（15）forCaitlintomyroomtomakesureIthoughtshe'dlikeeverything.

“Ithinkshe'llloveeverything.”Isaid,and（16）him,eventhoughhetriedtopushmeaway.Iwasso（17）ofhimatthatmoment.He（18）allhissavingsforanewskate-board（19）forafriendwhoneededaChristmaspresentmorethanhedid.Hehad,throughthisactofapureheart,captured(捕获)thetrue(20)ofChristmas。第9空填（）。(1分)A、fallenB、burnedC、movedD、exposed正确答案选项：参考答案：B解析考查动词词义辨析。fallen意为“掉落”;burned意为“燃烧”;moved意为“移动”;exposed意为“暴露”。根据下文的“everythinginthehousewasengulfed(吞噬)inflames”可知，Caitlin家的房子意外地被大火夷为平地。故选B。

24、材料Aprofessorenteredtheclassroomandtoldthestudentsaboutasurprisetest.Allstudentswere（1）andwaitedforthetesttobegin.Theprofessorgavethetestpaperstoallstudentswithtextfacingdownatthedesk.（2）hewasdonewith（3）thetesttoallstudents,heaskedthemto（4）thetestpaperandbegin.

Studentswereconfused(迷惑)toseethattherewasjustablack（5）inthecenterofthepage.Theprofessortoldthem,“Iwantyouto（6）aboutwhatyouseethere.”Thestudentswere（7）confusedbutgotstartedwiththetest.8theendoftheclass,theprofessorcollectedallanswersheetsandstartedreadingeachanswerfromeachsheetinfrontofallstudents.

（9）ofthemdescribedabouttheblackdotandtriedtoexplainitsposition.

Now,profesorbegantoexplain,“Hereeveryone（10）theblackdotandwroteaboutit（11）noonewroteaboutthewhitepaper.Thesameis（12）ourlives.Thewhitepaperstandsforourwholelifeandtheblackdot（13）problemsinourlife.

Ourlifeisa（14）giventousbyGod,withloveandcare,andwealwayshavereasonstocelebrate—ourfriendsaroundus,thejobthatprovidesuswitheverythingweneed.（15）,wejustfocusondaytodayproblemslikehealthissues,lackofmoney,problemsinrelationships,butwe16scethattheseproblemsarevery（17）comparedtoeverythingwehaveinourlives.”

Weshouldtrytotakeeyesoffour（18）ndenjoyeachmoment（19）lifegivesus.Behappyand（20）yourlifepositively.第14空填（）。(1分)A、pictureB、lessonC、giftD、text正确答案选项：参考答案：C解析考查名词词义辨析。picture意为“图画”;lesson意为“课程”;gift意为“礼物”;text意为“课文”。此处指的是生活是上帝给我们的礼物。故选C。

25、AsIrealizednottoolate,“Strong-willedchildrenarea______,notacurse(诅咒)!”

(1分)A、wishB、blessingC、choiceD、fate正确答案选项：参考答案：B解析考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我还不是太晚地意识到“意志坚定的”孩子是幸事而不是祸事时。Awish愿望；Bblessing祝福，幸事；Cchoice选择；Dfate命运。blessing与notacurse意义相对。故选B。

26、材料Justinknewtherewasonlyonewayoutofhisneighborhood—basketball.Sohe（1）hard,runningwiththeballlikethe（2）dogswerechasing(追逐)him.Hecoulddefeatanyoftheguysatthe（3）andhesawhiswayoutandheranforit.

OnedaywhenJustinwasplayingbasketball,he（4）hisrightkneebadly.Thedoctorsaidhemightneverplay（5）.Justinwasextremelysad.EverydayJustinjust（6）inbed,watchingTVandeatingpotatochips.Whenhe（7）likeaballoon,hissistercamehomefromtheuniversityonholiday,bringingexciting（8）ofafarawaylandcalledcollege.

Justinwas（9）bythedormstoriesandcampus（10）thatshetold,buthecould（11）believeanyofthem.Itwasasifsheweretellinghimaboutsome（12）landhighabovetheclouds.

Justinwasapretty（13）guy,buthissisterhadawayof（14）himtodothingsthatnobodyelsecould.Sowhileshewashomeduringthe（15）,theystudiedtogether,andtheytalked,andtheyworked,andJustinfelt（16）thanheeverhadbefore.

Afterspendingthose（17）withhissister,Justinrealizedthathedidn'twanttofeelbadforhimselfanymore,andhedidn'twanttoquit.Basketball（18）behisthing,butnowtherewasonly（19）.UsingthestudyskillsJustinhadacquiredfromhissister,hescored（20）ineveryexam.Theuniversitythatheappliedtoacceptedhim.第11空填（）。(1分)A、firmlyB、honestlyC、reallyD、hardly正确答案选项：参考答案：D解析考查副词词义辨析。firmly意为“坚定地”;honestly意为“诚实地”;really意为“真正地”;hardly意为“几乎不”。根据下文的“Itwasasif…landhighabovetheclouds”可知，好像是云层之上看不见摸不着的东西，所以他几乎不相信任何一个故事。故选D。

27、材料

Singapore.Tues.Eightpeople—threeofthemwomen-diedafterbeingtrappedinanattic(顶楼)whenthefiregutted(损坏)theirtwo-storeyterracehouseyesterday.

Inthetragedyaboutthirty-sixpeopleweresleepinginthebuildingwhenthefire,startedbyashortcircuit,brokeout.Mostofthemmanagedtorushoutintime.

OneofthefirsttoleavethebuildingwasMissPoh,nineteen,afactoryworker.whowasawakenedfromhersleepbyshoutsof“Fire!”shortlyafter3:10a.m..

Shesaid,“Ishoutedtotheothertenantstogetout.Bythistime,thefirstfloorwasinflamesandIcouldhearpeoplecryingandscreaming.Someonebroughtaladderandplaceditagainstthewall,butitonlywentupasfarasthefirstfloor.Therewasnohopeforthosetrappedintheattic.”

Onemanwhodidescapefromtheattictoldreportersthathecouldonlysavehimselfbygoingthroughtheventilation(通风)openingintheroofandclimbingtoanadjoiningbuilding.

ChenMeng,twenty,afitter,weptasherecalledhowhehadtoleavehisparentsbehind.Hesaid,“WhenItriedtoreturnformyparents,Iwasdrivenbackbythethicksmokeandtheheat.”

Shortlyaftertheblazewasspotted,threefireenginesracedtothesceneandby

4a.m.

had

the

fire

under

control.

TheMPfortheareavisitedthesceneandsaid,“Thelandlordwaswrongtorentoutroomsirresponsibly:Hehasnotgivenduethoughttothesafetyofhistenants.”

TheMPforthearea____thelandlord.(1分)A、

criticised

B、

praised

C、

questioned

D、

laughed

at正确答案选项：参考答案：A

28、Couldyoumethewaytothetrainstation?

(1分)A、showB、showsC、showingD、showed正确答案选项：参考答案：A解析could后面应接动词原形

29、David'sgrandfather________hisdogaftersuppereveryday.

(1分)A、walksB、walkedC、willwalkD、haswalked正确答案选项：参考答案：A解析本题考查时态。walks是一般现在时，walked是一般过去时，willwalk是一般将来时，haswalked是现在完成时。根据everyday可知，此处用一般现在时，故选A。

30、Thenumberofthestudentsinourgrade（）about（）,and（）ofthemaregirls.(1分)A、are;sixhundreds;two-thirdsB、is;sixhundred;two-thirdC、is;sixhundred;twothirdsD、are;sixhundreds;twothird正确答案选项：参考答案：C解析考查数词。句意为：“我们年级学生的数量大约是六百，三分之二是女生。”thenumberof意为“……的数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数，所以排除A和D;表示具体数目时，hundred和基数词搭配，不用复数形式，后面不接of。分数的表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母加-s。三分之二分子大于1,所以分母加-s。故选C。

31、—TodayBeijingDuckisserved!Anumberofstudents___________inthedininghall.—Letmesee.Thenumberofthem_________about400.

(1分)A、are;isB、is;areC、are;areD、is;is正确答案选项：参考答案：A解析句意:-今天桌上有北京烤鸭!餐厅里有若干学生。-让我想想。学生的数目大约是四百。考查主谓一致。前一句anumberofstudents意为“许多学生”，表示复数意思，第一空格be动词用are;第二空格前的主语thenumberofthem意为他们的数量表示单数，be动词用is，故选A。

32、（）isdifficultforme（）goodbyetomyclassmates.(1分)A、It;tosayB、It;sayingC、That;tosayD、That;saying正确答案选项：参考答案：A解析考查it作形式主语。句意为：“对我来说跟同学们说再见是很困难的。”动词不定式作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式放于后面。故选A。

33、Thecakewas（）intothreepiecesandthechildrenbegantoeathappily.(1分)A、fallenB、drivenC、dividedD、knocked正确答案选项：参考答案：C解析考查动词。句意为：“蛋糕被切成三块，孩子们很开心地开始吃了起来。”bedividedinto意为“被切成……”。主语Thecake为物，作主语时要用被动语态。故选C。

34、（）hardworkitis!And（）shouldIdotocompleteitwell?(1分)A、Whata;howB、What;whatC、How;whatD、What;how正确答案选项：参考答案：B解析考查感叹句和特殊疑问词。句意为：“多么辛苦的工作!我应该做什么来好好完成它?”感叹句中，感叹名词用what,感叹形容词或副词用how;感叹不可数名词时，常用“What+(形容词)+不可数名词+主语+谓语!”来表示。work为不可数名词，所以用what来感叹；第二个空格处缺宾语，what作do的宾语。故选B。

35、There________allkindsof________inthisshop.

(1分)A、are;watchesB、be;watchesC、is;watch'sD、are;watchs正确答案选项：参考答案：A解析这家商店里有各种各样的手表。用复数格式，所以选择A

36、Canyou________yourphone?Itkeepsringing.

(1分)A、waitforB、pickupC、turnonD、makeup正确答案选项：参考答案：B解析pickup，你能拿起你的电话吗？它一直再响。

37、Mike________themildweatherinthesouthnow.

(1分)A、usedtoB、beusedtoC、wasusedtoD、isusedto正确答案选项：参考答案：D解析迈克现在已经习惯了南方的温和天气。usedto意为“过去经常”，后接动词原形；beusedto意为“习惯于”，后接名词或动名词，从now和Mike可知，be应用一般现在时的第三人称单数

38、IwishI（）whattodo.(1分)A、knowB、knewC、haveknownD、wouldknow正确答案选项：参考答案：B

39、从下列选项中找出其括号部分与所给单词括号部分读音相同的选项。（）b(u)sily(1分)A、b(u)sB、b(u)tC、p(u)tD、b(u)sy正确答案选项：参考答案：D解析busily[ˈbɪzɪli]A:bus[bʌs]B:but[bət,bʌt]C:put[pʊt]D:busy[ˈbɪzi]故选D.

40、Intheolddayshisgrandfather（）sixteenhoursaday,buthestillcouldn't（）hisfamily.(1分)A、wasmadework;besupportedB、wasmadetowork;supportC、madetowork;besupportedD、madetobeworking;besupported正确答案选项：参考答案：B

41、从下面单词中找一个括号部分读音不同的单词。（）(1分)A、n(a)tureB、n(a)turalC、n(a)turallyD、n(a)tional正确答案选项：参考答案：A

42、从下面单词中找一个括号部分读音不同的单词。（）(1分)A、gr(a)mmarB、m(a)pC、r(a)pidD、h(a)te正确答案选项：参考答案：D

43、It___onlyfourhourstoflyfromChinatoAmerica

(1分)A、spendsB、takesC、costsD、pays正确答案选项：参考答案：B解析spend以人作主语，take一般以物作主语,表示花费时间;cost以物作主语，表示花费金钱;pay以人作主语，表示支付。

44、-Thereis（）pencilunderthedesk.—Oh,that'smypencil.(1分)A、aB、anC、theD、/正确答案选项：参考答案：A解析考查冠词。句意为：“桌子底下有一支铅笔。——哦，那是我的铅笔。”不定冠词a/an表泛指，a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单词前；定冠词the表特指。“一支铅笔”表泛指，所以用a。故选A。

45、材料Allanwasworried.Thiswashisfirsttimetogotraveling（1）Hedidn'tknowhowtofindhisseat,（2）hewenttotheairhostessandasked,“Couldyouhelpme?Ican'tfindmyseat.”Theairhostessshowed（3）theseatandtoldhim.

（4）andfastentheseatbelt.ShetoldAllannottomoveaboutwhentheplanewasgoingu