山东省聊城市2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末考试 英语 含答案

2023—2024学年度第二学期期末教学质量抽测高二英语试题本试卷分四部分，共12页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhichfilmdoesMikeprefer?A.Thehorrorfilm.B.Thesciencefictionfilm.C.Thehistoricalfilm.2.WhatisprobablyChris?A.Acook.B.Ajournalist.C.Ateacher.3.Whydoesthemancallthewoman?A.Tomakeanapology.B.Toaskhertocollectchildren.C.Tocomplainaboutthedelayedtrain.4.WhatisTomdoing?A.Tidyingsummerhomework.B.Preparingforfinaltests.C.Writinghisassignment.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Aheavysmoker.B.Anewbuilding.C.Aterriblefire.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatarethespeakersquarrellingover?A.Whethertoraiseapetrabbit.B.Whichsouvenirtochoose.C.Howtospendmoneyontravelling.7.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Friends.C.Colleagues.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Tohavetheshowerturnedoff.B.Tohavethetoiletcleaned.C.Togettheroomchecked.9.What'sthewoman'sattitudetowardstheexplanation?A.Supportive.B.Dissatisfied.C.Uncaring.10.Whyisitsohotintheroom?A.Airconditioningfailstoworkwell.B.Powerhasbeenshutoff.C.Theroomistoosmall.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onthestreet.B.Intheoffice.C.Onthephone.12.WhywillMrs.Whitebelate?A.Shehadanaccident.B.Sheisstuckintraffic.C.Shelostherway.13.WhenwillMrs.Whitearrive?A.Atabout10:30am.B.Atabout11:00am.C.Atabout11:30am.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.What'swrongwiththeman?A.Hehasaheartache.B.Hehasachestpain.C.Hehasarunningnose.15.Whendidthesymptomsbegin?A.Threedaysago.B.Thismorning.C.Lastweek.16.Whatdoesthewomanarrangefortheman?A.Anonlineconsultation.B.Anurgentoperation.C.Amedicaltest.17.Whatdidthemanplantodotonight?A.Haveabigmeal.B.Orderaticket.C.Bookarestaurant.听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthespeakerintroducing?A.Aworkbook.B.Anexperiment.C.Anactivity.19.Whatarethelistenerssupposedtodofirst?A.Starttheexperimentthemselves.B.Chooseexperimentsandactivities.C.ReadChapterOneoftheworkbook.20.Howshouldthelistenersfinishthe“Activities”section?A.Intheirownway.B.Withtheteacher'shelp.C.Byfollowinginstructions.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAboutSalonWhatwedoSalonhasdriventhenationalconversationsince1995throughfearlessjournalismdistributedacrossS,SalonTV,socialmedia,newsplatforms,emailnewslettersandmobileapps.Weprovidethoroughanalysisandleadin-depthconversations;weentertainmentourreaders,challengeconventionalwisdomandcelebrateinnovationwithhumanity.Salon'saward-winningcontent,includingourflagshipshow“SalonTalks”,reachesanaudienceofabout10millionmonthlyuniquevisitors.Becomeamember!Benefits:Completelyad-free;Accesstomembers-onlynewsletters;Bookmarkarticlesandrecipes;Night-visionmode.$9.95PERMONTH$95PERYEAR(Subscribe)(Subscribe)ContactMediaInquiriesMembersofthepressandbookers:Ifyou'dliketospeaktoarepresentativeofSalonforanarticleorbookamediaappearance,pleaseemailusatpress@salon.com.

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SharingandSyndicationNewspapers,magazines,websites,bookpublishersandbroadcastmediashouldemailusatsyndication@.Requestsmustincludethearticle,title,writer'snameandyourintendeduse.Salon'sprogressive,independentjournalismgrowswithyoursupportWeneedyoursupporttostayindependent—fromtheimpactsofalgorithms(算法)andadmarkets,andfromthehandfulofbigmediacompaniesandbillionairesthatnowownmostU.S.mediaoutlets.Withmoremembers,wecanpursuethereportingandanalysisthatyouneedmost.21.WhatcanweknowaboutSalon?A.Ithasahistoryofoverthreedecades.B.Itmainlyfocusesonentertainmentcontent.C.Itisanoutstandingdigitalmediachannel.D.Itprovidesmembers-onlynewslettersforregularvisitors.22.WhataddresswillbeusedifathirdpartywantstoshareSalon'sarticle?A.press@.B.ekeane@.C.readermail@.D.syndication@.23.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A.TointroduceSalon'srecentprogress.B.Toencouragemoreusersubscriptions.C.ToinformreadersofSalon'soperation.D.TopromoteaneweditorialteamatSalon.BKatalinKarikualongwithhercolleagueDrewWeissmanwontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein2023forthedevelopmentofmRNAtechnology.KarikuwasborninJanuary1955,inasmallvillageinHungary.Shehadanambitionfromearlyontobecomeascientist.Asayoungadult,shebecameinterestedinmessengerRNA,whichcarriesDNAinstructionstotheprotein-makingengineofcells.ShehopedthatmRNAcouldplayakeyroleinthetreatmentofvariousdiseases.Itbecamehermissiontomakeherdreamarealitytohelpcurepatients.However,Karikufacedashortageoffundingforherresearchinhercountry,andshethenfacedthechoiceofstoppinganddoingsomethingnotconnectedtohermissionorcontinuingherresearchatthepriceofhavingtoleavehercountry.Aftersearchingforpostsandscholarshipsworldwide,KarikuacceptedanofferfromTempleUniversityinPhiladelphiaforapostdoctoralfellowship.Karikuandherhusbandgaveupeverythingtheyhadintheirhomelandandboughtaone-waytickettotheU.S.,wheretheyknewnoone.Shewasinitiallyontracktobecomeafullprofessorbutreceivedrepeatedfundrejections.Undeterredbytheproblemsandchallenges,shechosetocontinueherresearch.Byfocusingonwhatmatteredtohereveryday,she“accidentally”metherworkpartnerDrewWeissmanwhowasalsointerestedinmRNA.TheyteameduptoworkonmRNAandpublishedpapersabouttheirgroundbreakingdiscoveryforyears.Thenthepandemichittheworld.ThechangedmRNAtechnologyKarikuandWeissmaninventedwasthenusedinvaccines(疫苗)thatpreventedtheinfectioneffectively.Kariku’slifeisatestament(证明)tofindingone’spassionandthenpursuingiteverysingleday.Manyofusknowwhatwearefondof,butwearenotgoodself-motivatorsonadailybasis.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutKarikufromparagraph2?A.Shehadatolerantmind.B.Shelongedtobeadoctor.C.Shewasfondofworldtours.D.Shehadaclearsenseofpurpose.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“Undeterredby”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Notdiscouragedby.B.Beingunawareof.C.Notmotivatedby.D.Beingashamedof.26.WhatisprobablythemaincontributionofKariku?A.SimplifyingthemRNAtechnology.B.MakingthestructureofmRNAclear.C.Developingavaccineforaseriousdisease.D.LayingthegroundworkformRNAvaccines.27.WhatlessoncanwelearnfromKariku'ssuccess?A.Nothingseek,nothingfind.B.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.C.Wherethere'sawill,there'saway.D.Necessityisthemotherofinvention.CAIsystemscannowlearnandusehumanlanguage,buttheylearnfromastronomicalamountsoflanguageinput—muchmorethanchildrenreceivewhenlearninghowtounderstandandspeakalanguage.ThebestAIsystemsaretrainedontextdatasetscontainingtrillionsofwords,whereaschildrenreceivejustmillionsperyear.ButarecentstudysuggestsAIsystemscanacquiresomelanguagewithasmallsetofclues.Researcherstookadvantageofanexistinglibraryofcamerafootagethatcapturedonebaby'sexperience.ThebabynamedSamworeaheadcam(头戴式设备)for61hoursbetweentheagesofsixmonthsand25months.TheheadcamrecordedvideoandaudiowhileSamtookpartinactivitiesincludingplaying,eatingandreading.TheresearchersfedtheirAImodelindividualvideoimagesandawrittentextofwhatpeopleweresayingatthattime.Theywonderedwhatthemodelwouldlearnandwhetheritcouldprovideinsightsintothelanguageacquisitionprocessinchildren.Acrossmultipletests,theAImodelcorrectlymatchedwordswithimages62percentofthetime.TheAIwasalsoabletomatchwordsithadlearnedwithrepresentativeimagesthatithadneverseenbefore,suchasacommonimageofanapple,about35percentofthetime.Wordsincluding“car”and“sand”werefrequentlyrecognizedbytheAI,butitstruggledwithobjectsthatmighthavemorevariations,suchas“room”.“Thefindingsdemonstratehowsomeaspectsofwordmeaningarelearnablebyassociation.However,thestudydidn’tprovehowchildrenactuallyacquirewords,”JoshuaTenenbaum,ascientistwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,says.“Thestudyalsofocusedjustonthenamesofobjects—itdidn’tshowthattheAIcouldlearnaboutverbs,structuresandotheraspectsoflanguagethroughtherecordings,”anotherscientistadds.Withfutureresearch,similarstudiesoflearningcouldpullbackthecurtainonthemysteriousprocessoflanguageacquisition.28.WhatphenomenonaboutAIsystemsandchildrenismainlydescribedinparagraph1?A.Thedatagapinlanguageacquisition.B.Sharpdistinctionsinlanguagelearningability.C.Thedifficultyofprocessinglargenumbersofwords.D.Inaccessibilityofcertaindatasetsonlanguagelearning.29.HowdoestheAImodellearnlanguageinthestudy?A.ByreadingandplayingwithSamfor61hours.B.BycommunicatingwithSamforseveralmonths.C.ByanalyzingalargenumberofwordsspokenbySam.D.ByengaginginSam'sdailyexperiencesthroughrecordings.30.WhichofthefollowingwordsmighttheAImodelmostprobablystruggletomatch?A.Bottle.B.Banana.C.Toy.D.Car.31.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thelimitationsofthestudy.B.Differentaspectsoflanguage.C.ImprovementsoftheAlmodel.D.Thedirectionsforfurtherstudy.DJustlikeanyotherlivingthing,plantscangetstressed.Usually,it'sconditionslikeheatanddroughtthatleadtothisstress,andwhenthey'restressed,plantsmightnotgrowaslargeorproduceasmuch.Manyscientistshavetriedgeneticallychangingplants.Butplantschangedforhighercropoutputtendtohavealowerstresstolerancebecausetheyputmoreenergyintogrowththanintoprotectionagainststresses.Similarly,improvingtheabilityofplantstosurvivestressoftenresultsinplantsthatproducelessbecausetheyputmoreenergyintoprotectionthanintogrowth.Ourlabinsteadfocusesonhowplantsandbacteriasenseethylene(乙烯)andhowitinteractswithotherchemicalstoregulateplantdevelopment.Forthisexperiment,weexposedtheseedstoethylenegasforseveraldaysinthedarktoseewhateffectthismighthave.Aftergatheringdataontheseseedlings(youngplants),wetransferredthemtoaplacewithmuchlight.Severaldayslater,somelabmembersunexpectedlyobservedthattheplantsbrieflytreatedwithethylenehadlargerleavesaswellasstrongerrootsystemsthanplantsthathadnotbeenexposedtoethylene.Theseplantscontinuedgrowingatafasterratethroughouttheirwholelifetime.Butwhatmadeourobservationevenmorepleasingisthatthebriefethylenetreatmentalsoincreasedtolerancetovariousstressessuchashightemperatureandlowoxygenconditions.Long-termeffectsongrowthandstresstolerancefrombriefexposuretoastimulus(刺激物)areoftencalledprimingeffects(启动效应).Sowhat'stheunderlyinglogic?Whatwe'vefoundisthatethyleneincreasesphotosynthesis(aprocessbywhichplantsgainchemicalenergyfrominorganicmatters).Partofphotosynthesisincludeswhatiscalledcarbonfixation,whereplantspullcarbonfromtheatmosphereandusetheCO₂asbuildingblockstomakesugarstofueltheiractivities.Understandingthisismoreimportantthaneverandcouldhelpimprovecropproductiontofeedtheworld'spopulation.32.Whatisthechallengefacedbyscientistsbehindgeneticallychangedplants?A.Guaranteeingahealthyenvironmentfortheplants.B.Balancingplants'productivityandstressresistance.C.Raisingsurvivalratesofgeneticallychangedplants.D.Identifyingstressfactorsaffectinggeneticallychangedplants.33.Whatservesasastimulusintheauthor'sexperiment?A.Ethylene.B.Bacteria.C.Darkness.D.Sunlight.34.Whatistheroleofcarbonfixationinphotosynthesis?A.ItchangessugarsintoCO₂.B.Itmakesplantsabsorbmuchsunlight.C.IthelpsplantsgenerateenergyfromCO₂.D.Itenhancestheprocessofethylenepriming.35.Whichoffollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WhydoSomePlantsHaveaHigherStressLevel?B.EmployingaChemicalEarlyonMayHelpFeedtheWorldC.HowdoPrimingEffectsIncreasePhotosynthesisinPlants?D.ExposuretoEthyleneisaGoodWaytoProtectPlants第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Howdoyourespondwhensomeoneelsesetsaboundary?Youmightheartheword“boundaries”andimaginewallsthatseparateyoufromotherpeople.Inasense,that'strue.Butboundariesaren’tnecessarilyabadthing.Infact,they’reanimportantingredientinhealthyandbalancedrelationships.36You'renottheonlyonewhocansetboundaries.37Perhapsyoufeellikeyou'rebeingscoldedor“putinyourplace”.Youmaynoticesomenegativeemotionsrushingtothesurfaceasyoutrytoimmediatelydefendyouractions.Keepinmindthatyouarenotlosinganythingbutgainingknowledgeofwhatmakesthepersoninyourlifefeelsafeandhappy.38Ifyou'refeelingupset,deep,slowbreathingcancalmyournervoussystem's“fightorflight”response.Thismakesiteasierforyoutoreceiveinformationratherthanprepareforanargument.Rememberthatyoubothhaveyourownwayofprocessingandfeelingemotions.Trynottoassumewhatyourpartnerneedsbeforetheysayitoutloud.39Apologizewhennecessary.You'reonlyhuman,andweallmakemistakes.Maybeyouaccidentallyoversteppedaboundarybymakinganoffensivejokeoroversharingwhenyou'vebeenaskednotto.40Askforclarityifyoufeelyouneedit.Bylearningtoacceptandacknowledgeotherpeople'sboundaries,youcanstarttothinkabouthowyoucanimproveyourownconnectionswithothers.Ultimately,effectiveboundariescanleaveyoubothfeelingempoweredandresultinahealthier,moresatisfyingrelationship.A.Taketimetobreatheandlisten.B.Whensomeonevoicesarestriction,youmightfeelasenseofshameorfrustration.C.Allowthemspacetovoicetheirneedsandwants.D.Whensomeonereaffirmstheboundary,behumbleenoughtoapologizeforyourmistake.E.You’llneedtoadjustitascircumstanceschangeandrelationshipsgrow.F.They'realsoacrucialpartofmaintainingmentalhealthandphysicalwell-being.G.Learninghowtosetandmaintainboundariescanchangemanyaspectsofyourlife.第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分35分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ThelastthingMatthewsrememberedbeforewakingupinthehospitalwasridingalongaquietstreet.ItwaslatelastSeptemberandMatthewswas41fortheIronmanWorldChampionship,duetotakeplaceinHawaii10dayslater.“Infact,thisparticularstreetwasmyfavourite,butthatsounds42now,”the31-yearoldsaid.Herteammateshadto43heronwhathadhappened.“Initially,youjustgotupstraightawayandstartedmovingaround,44usthatyouwerefinetogoon,”oneteammaterecalled.“Idon’t45anyofthat,”Matthewssmiled.“You’dactually46thecarsoperfectlythatitbrokethethickestboneaboveyourneck,”theteammatecontinued.Manypeoplewouldthinktwiceabouttheirchoiceof47afteradisastrousepisodelikethat.ButMatthewsisclearlynotthe48person.Afterjustafewdaysinhospital,sheinsistedon49andflewtoHawaiianyway.Matthews50herfellowathletewhobeatothercompetitorsandclaimedthegold,anddreamtitmightbeherobtainingthe51soon.Despitesomeissues,Matthewsis52awaitingthecomingintensivewintertraining.Shemakesitsoundasifsheisrecoveringfroma(n)53wound.Infact,whatsheisattempting——her54isbeingmadeintoadocumentarybytheProfessionalTriathletesOrganization—impressesalargeaudience.Anybystandermaythinkthe55isenoughforhertobackoffforalongtime!ButMatthewssmiles,“I’mjustgoingtokeepdoingwhatI’mdoing.”41.A.shoppingB.travellingC.volunteeringD.training42.A.reasonableB.tolerableC.laughableD.serious43.A.consultB.congratulateC.updateD.evaluate44.A.remindingB.convincingC.cautioningD.recommending45.A.acknowledgeB.believeC.mindD.remember46.A.ruinedB.hitC.drivenD.maintained47.A.careersB.teammatesC.hospitalsD.competitors48.A.averageB.exceptionalC.selfishD.disciplined49.A.cancelingoutB.pullingtogetherC.checkingoutD.gettingacross50.A.comfortedB.cheeredC.replacedD.instructed51.A.approvalB.supportC.appointmentD.title52.A.initiallyB.gratefullyC.eagerlyD.fortunately53.A.insignificantB.sensitiveC.severeD.unidentifiable54.A.breakdownB.comebackC.withdrawalD.injury55.A.recoveryB.newsC.failureD.incident第二节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)根据提示完成句子，在答题卡相应位置填入一个适当的完整单词，注意所填单词的形式。56.Agroupof80soldiersl(发起)anall-outattackjustbeforedawn.57.Inremoteregions,theairisp(洁净的)andthecropsarefreeofpoisonousinsecticides.58.Theexercisesaredesignedtos(加强)yourstomachmuscles.59.In2018,herentirelifes(积蓄)weredonatedtoherhometowninMulanCounty.60.Hewastheinnocentv(受害者)ofaveryviolentmurder.第三节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Blue-and-whiteporcelainisprobablyagoodexampleoftheglobalmarketintheancientworld.ThisChineseceramic(陶瓷的)variety61(gain)aglobalreputationduringtheYuanDynastyandoverthefollowingcenturies,becameoneofthecountry'ssignature62(product)ontheflourishingMaritimeSilkRoad.AsoneofthetypicalvarietiesfromChina,blue-and-whiteporcelainisfamousforitsdelicateunderglazepatterns.63(interesting),itsoriginandevolutionowemuchtoforeigninfluencesinmaterialsandtechniques.Theblue-and-whitestyleflourishedduringthe13thto14thcenturies.Initsearlystages,itreliedon64(import)cobalt(钴)paintknownas“SamarraBlue”65“SumatraBlue”,whichcontainedahigherpercentageofirondioxide,66(result)inthedistinctbluehue.Overtime,Chineseartisanssoughtlocalminesandsuccessfullyformulatednativepigments(颜料).Theyexperimentedbyblendinglocalandimportedrawmaterials67(create)pigmentsthatnotonlywereinline68butalsoshapedaestheticpreferencesatthetime.With69craftsmanshipandtechniquesadvanced,blue-and-whiteporcelainproducedduringtheKangxiera(16621722)oftheQing