Unit1知识点提要2022-2023学年牛津译林版英语八年级上册

8AUnit1知识点提要词汇口渴的adj.thirsty▲比较级：thirstier▲最高级：thethirstiest渴望某物bethirstyforsth.诚实的，正直的adj.honest比较级：-er最高级：the-est★一个诚实的男孩anhonestboy说实话Tobehonest,=Totellthetruth,不诚实的adj.dishonest诚实地adv.honestly诚实n.honesty秘密可n.secret(a/-s)...的秘密thesecretof...秘密的adj.8AU4secret★（为某人）保守秘密（短语）（2种）keepasecret(forsb.)=keepsecrets(forsb.)保密8AU4（短语）keepitsecret某人自守秘密(不将秘密说出去)keepsecretstooneself对某人隐瞒keepsecretsfromsb.欢乐，高兴；乐趣不可n.*joy关心，关注，在意v.care→三单：-s→▲过去式：-d→▲现分：caring关心，关怀（短语）careabout你自己反身代词.yourself[复]你们自己反身代词.yourselves8AU3★相信你自己believeinyourself★随便吃/喝(...)；请自便helpyourself/yourselves(to...)青少年可n.*teenager(a/-s)在青少年中amongteenagers杂志可n.magazine(a/-s)好看的，漂亮的adj.good-looking幽默的adj.humorous比较级：more~最高级：themost~幽默不可n.*humo(u)r礼貌的adj.polite▲比较级：-r▲最高级：the-st对某人有礼貌bepolitetosb.礼貌地adv.politely比较级：more~最高级：themost~不礼貌的adj.impolite不礼貌地adv.impolitely爱整洁的，整洁的adj.tidy▲比较级：tidier▲最高级：thetidiest★不整洁的adj.untidy收拾，整理v.8AU4tidy→▲三单：tidies→▲过去式：tidied→▲现分：tiding收拾妥，整理好（短语）8AU4tidyup整理好你的卧室tidyupyourbedroom整理好它tidyitup成为；适合v.make→三单：-s→▲过去式：made→▲现分：making“成为”★成为一名杰出的老师make/become/beanexcellentteacher“使”★使某人做某事makesb.dosth.★使某人/某事adj.makesb./sth.+adj.★使某人成为n.makesb.+n.“制作”制作一些纸玫瑰8AU4makesomepaperroses信任v.&不可n.trust→三单：-s→过去式：-ed→现分：-ing\确实的，的确adj.true★实现某人的梦想makeone’sdreamcometrue区分：真诚地adv.truly信任v.trust真相不可n.truth谎言可n.lie(a/-s)撒谎tellalie=telllies撒谎v.lie→三单：-s→▲过去式：-d→▲现分：lying躺，位于v.lie→三单：-s→▲过去式：lay→▲现分：lying玩笑可n.joke(a/-s)讲有趣的笑话tellafunnyjoke=tellfunnyjokes慷慨的，大方的adj.*generous比较级：more~最高级：themost~对某人慷慨begeneroustosb.乐意的，愿意的adj.*willing比较级：more~最高级：themost~★愿意做某事bewillingtodosth.在任何时候adv.anytime=anytime嗓音可n.voice(a/-s)常用单数有良好的嗓音haveagoodvoice噪音不可n.noise声音可n.sound(a/-s)发出美妙的声音makeabeautifulsound=makebeautifulsounds系v.sound听起来不错。(That)soundsgood/great.歌手可n.singer(a/-s)几乎，差不多adv.almost=nearly8AU8几乎不adv.hardly圆形的adj.&周围，绕一整圈；转过来adv.8AU6round比较级：-er最高级：the-est方形的adj.&平方的adj.7BU1&广场可n.(a/-s)8AU3square▲比较级：-r▲最高级：the-st感觉；观念；意识可n.sense(a/-s)常用单数★很有幽默感haveagoodsenseofhumour方向感差haveapoorsenseofdirection有很强的时间观念haveastrongsenseoftime有是非观念haveasenseofrightandwrong无聊的adj.bored[形容事/物]比较级：more~最高级：themost~对...感到无聊feel/getboredwith...无聊的adj.boring[形容事/物]比较级：more~最高级：themost~可容纳，装进v.fit→三单：-s→▲过去式：-ted→▲现分：-ting适合，合身v.fit考点：fit和match的区分：sth.fit(适合，合身)sb.sth.match(相配)sth.().Asweknow,aredjacketdoesn’t_____greentrousers.Butwhenalittlegirlwearsthem,they_____herverywell.A.fit;fitB.match;matchC.fit;matchD.match;fit合适的adj.fit适合...befitfor...健康的adj.fit保持健康keepfit碰，撞；把...撞击成v.knock→三单：-s→过去式：-ed→现分：-ing到...的上面动态prep.onto★把A碰到B上knockAontoB笔直的adj.&径直地adv.straight比较级：-er最高级：the-est有长直发havelongstraighthair可爱的，惹人喜爱的adj.&甜(美)的adj.sweet=cute=lovely比较级：-er最高级：the-est糖果可n.sweet(a/-s)微笑v.smile→三单：-s→▲过去式：-d→▲现分：smiling微笑可n.smile(a/-s)常用单数某人面带微笑have/wearasmileonone’sface微笑的，带着笑意的adj.smiling★微笑的眼睛smilingeyes个性可n.*personality▲(a/personalities)选择；挑选v.choose→三单：-s→▲过去式：chose→▲现分：choosing选择A作为BchooseAasB选择做某事choosetodosth.更差，更糟，更坏adj.(bad的比较级)worse最差，最糟，最坏adj.(bad的最高级)worst高，高度不可n.height★...的高度（是什么？）(What’s)theheightof...(?)★在高度上inheight高的adj.high比较级：-er最高级：the-est重量不可n.weight★...的重量（是什么？）(What’s)theweightof...(?)★在重量上inweight减肥loseweight增肥putonweight重的adj.heavy▲比较级：heavier▲最高级：theheaviest重达v.weigh→★三单：-s→过去式：-ed→现分：-ing[拓展]提问重量的句型3种、回答重量的句型2种e.g.问：What’stheweightofaneraser?=Howheavyisaneraser？=Howmuchdoesaneraserweigh？e.g.答：Aneraserweighsabout20grams.=Aneraseris20gramsinweight.[易错题]()1.—_______didyouweighwhenyouwereborn?—My_______wasabout3.5kg.Howheavy;weighB.Howmany;weighC.Howmuch;weightD.Howmuch;weigh()2.—_______doesDanielweigh?Helooksquiteslim.—He_______50kgatmost.Howheavy;weighesB.Howmany;weightsC.Howmuch;weighsD.Howmuch;weights秒可n.second(a/-s)第二序数词.second竞赛，比赛可n.(a/-s)&竞争不可n.competition测试，考查可n.test(a/-s)测试，考查v.test→三单：-s→过去式：-ed→现分：-ing游泳者可n.swimmer(a/-s)打算，计划可n.plan(a/-s)未来的计划futureplans为...做计划makeaplanfor...打算，计划v.plan→三单：-s→▲过去式：-ned→▲现分：-ning打算做某事plantodosth.社会的adj.social协会；社会可n.8AU6society▲(a/societies)社会工作者（短语）socialworker马尾辫可n.ponytail(a/-s)害羞的adj.shy比较级：-er最高级：the-est英俊的adj.handsome▲比较级：-r▲最高级：the-st胖的adj.fat▲比较级：-ter▲最高级：the-test勤奋的，工作努力的adj.hard-working比较级：more~最高级：themost~耐心的adj.patient比较级：more~最高级：themost~对...有耐心bepatientwith...病人可n.patient(a/-s)不快乐的，悲伤的adj.unhappy▲比较级：unhappier▲最高级：theunhappiest快乐的adj.happy杰出的，极好的adj.excellent★成为一名杰出的老师make/become/beanexcellentteacher语言点不定代词用法4种①不代＋adj.②不代＋todo③不代＋else④不代作主语，谓v.用单数e.g.Something______(be)wrongwithmycomputer.数词＋more＋n.=another＋数词＋n.e.g.______________________________________________some＋more＋n.Maybe“也许，可能”放句首。maybe“也许是，可能是”放句中。他说的话(2种)whathesays=hiswords做某事费力(3种)haveproblems/trouble/difficultywithsth.=haveproblems/trouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.疑问词做主语，谓v.用单数e.g.—Hesaidhewantedtoownabigfarm.—Who_______(在意)whathesaid?Heissuchabigmouth.与某人分享某物sharesth.withsb.帮助某人做某事helpsb.do/withsth.past_____________________________pass______________________________[典型例题]().Amyknockedmypen_______thefloorwhenhewalked______mydeskyesterday.A.onto;passB.onto;pastC.into;passD.into;past帮过去式中文用法say______“说”①say＋说话内容（hello/hi/goodbye/sorry/“……”）②★纸制材料(sign标志、note便条、notice告示、instructions说明书、guidebook旅游指南等)上写着用sayspeak______“说”★“演讲”①★speak＋语言（Chinese/English...）②speaktosb.talk______“谈论”★talk＋介词（about/with/to/of）tell______告诉”“讲”①★告诉某人(不要)做某事tellsb.(not)todosth.②告诉某人某事tellsth.tosb.=tellsb.sth.③★固搭5种讲笑话telljokes=tellajoke讲故事tellstories=tellastory撒谎telllies=tellalie说实话tellthetruth区分tellthedifference[典型例题]()1．MypenpallivesinAmerica,butsheoften________wecan________ChinesewhenI________withheronline.Sometimesshedoesn’tunderstandwhatI________.A．tells,speak,talk,say B．says,talk,speak,tellC．tells,speak,talk,speak D．says,speak,talk,say()2．—Canyou_____Chinese,Tony?—Yes,butto___thetruth,Icouldhardly____awordwhenI___infrontofthewholeschoolyesterday.A．speak;tell;say;spoke B．say;talk;speak;talkedC．say;tell;speak;talked D．speak;tell;talk;spoke()3．Milliecan’t_____itinChinesebecauseshecan’t_____Chinese.Canshe_____usthestoryinEnglish?A．speak;say;tell B．say;speak;tell C．tell;speak;say D．say;tell;speak()4．—Whatdoesthesign______thebenchsay?

—It_____“WetPaint”.A．talks B．tells C．says D．speaks事/物worry...某事/某物使...担心人worryabout...=人beworriedabout...某人担心...[典型例题]().

Ann

is

really

down

these

days.

She______hersickmother

and

her

new

job_____hertoo.A.

worries;

worriesB.

worries;

worries

aboutC.

worries

about;

worriesD.

worries

about;

worriesaboutbecause＋句子，becauseof＋名词（性短语）说某人的坏话sayabadword/badwordsaboutsb.想要做某事wouldliketodosth.befamousfor...因...而著名、befamousas...作为...而著名、befamousto...为...所熟知befriendlyto...对...友好、makefriends(with...)（和...）交朋友If从句（通过If或逗号断开主句、从句）注意区分if翻译为“是否”还是“如果”主将从现：★()1.—Idon't

know

if

they

the

Great

Wall

next

Sunday.—They

won’t

go

there

if

it.A．visit;snows B．visit;will

snow C．will

visit;will

snow D．will

visit;snows()2.Ifyou__________takemyadvice,you__________regret(后悔)later.A．don’t;will B．won’t;will C．don’t;won’t D．won’t;don’t主情从现：()3.—Doyouknowifittomorrow?—Iamnotsure.Itmaysnowifthetemperaturebelowzero.A．snows;willdropB．willsnow;willdropC．willsnow;dropsD．snows;drops主祈从现：()4.Ifyouhaveproblemssleepatnight,aglassofwarmmilk.of;todrinkB．about;drinkingC．with;drinkD．to;drinking提问“外貌、品质、爱好”的4个句型①★★★Whatissb.like?提问外、品②Whatdoessb.looklike?提问外③Howdoeshelook?提问外④Whatdoeshelike?提问爱好bothAandB“A和B都”谓v.的数取决于A和BnotonlyAbut(also)B“不仅A而且B”谓v.的数取决于B，即就近原则BoththetwinsandJack_______(be)fromtheUK.NotonlythetwinsbutalsoJack_______(be)fromtheUK.排除法解题：前后从属有other，前后不从属无other。any＋可n.单、anyother＋可n.单、theother＋可n.复()1.Shanghaiismoremodernthan_____inJiangsuProvinceanditisalsomoremodernthan_____inChina.anycity;anycityB.anycity;theothercitiesC.anyothercity;theothercitiesD.anyothercity;anycity()2.TheboyinClass3jumpshigherthan_______inclass2andhigherthan______inhisschool.A.anyotherstudent;theotherstudentsB.anystudent;anyotherstudentC.anyotherstudent;anystudentsD.anystudent;theotherstudent()3.Shanghaiismuchlargerthan_____inFranceanditisoneofthe_____citiesinChina．A.anycity,biggestB.anyothercity,bigger C.anyothercity;biggestD.anycity;bigger语法（8AU1&8AU2）比较级和最高级的构成方法（2类）第一类：规则变化构成方法原级比较级最高级形容词①短形容词，比较级加er，最高级加the-est。nearnearerthenearest②长形容词，比较级加more，最高级加themost。beautifulmorebeautifulthemostbeautiful③以e结尾的形容词，比较级加r，最高级加the-st。largelargerthelargest④以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词，比较级去y加ier，最高级去y加the-iest。tidytidierthetidiest⑤以辅元辅字母结尾的形容词，比较级双写最后一个字母加er，最高级双写最后一个字母加the-esthothotterthehottest⑥以-ful、-less、-able、-ous、-tive、-ed、-ing等后缀结尾的形容词，无论长短，一律比较级加more，最高级加themost。usefulmoreusefulthemostuseful副词①不以ly结尾的副词，比较级加er，最高级加the-est。fastfasterthefastest②以ly结尾的副词，比较级加more，最高级加themost。carefullymorecarefullythemostcarefully③特例：earlyearly★earlier★theearliest第二类：不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterthebestbad/badly/illworsetheworstmany/muchmorethemostlittlelesstheleastold★older/★eldertheoldest/theeldestfarfarther/★furtherthefarther/thefurthest附：3个考点less＋adj.，意为“较不adj.”，如lessimportant意为“较不重要”。theleast＋adj.，意为“最不adj.”，如theleastimportant意为“最不重要”。older和elder都意为“年纪更大”，但older无血缘关系，elder有血缘关系。（3）★further常考固搭5种：进一步学习/研究furtherstudy/research进一步讨论furtherdiscussion更多的信息furtherinformation其他的问题furtherquestions再往前/下走8BU3furtheron/down比较级的用法（6种）①比较级＋than②much/even/alittle＋比较级③两者比较时，用比较级④见到ofthetwo,用the＋比较级⑤越…，就越…The＋比较级…,The＋比较级…⑥越来越…短形比and短形比越来越强壮________________________________________________moreandmore长形原越来越漂亮________________________________________________最高级的用法（5种）①见到ofthethree/ofall，用the＋最高级②见到表示范围的in短语，用the＋最高级如：intheworld，inourclass③三者或三者以上比较时，用the＋最高级④oneofthe＋adj.最高级＋可n.复（做主语，谓v.用单数）⑤the＋序数词＋adj.最高级，意为“第几adj.”如：thesecondlargestcity意为“第二大城市”注意：若adj.最高级前有形物代、名词所有格，要省略the[易错题]()1.Whichis___________,theearth,thesunorthemoon?A．asbigas B．big C．bigger D．thebiggest()2.Whichis______totheEarth,theSunortheMoon?close

B．closer

C．closest

D．theclosest()3.Whichcitydoyouthinkis______fromNanjing,BeijingorDalian?farthestB.farC.fartherD.thefarthestWhichdoyoulike_________(well),Daisy,juiceorcola?数量(number)只能比大小，不能比多少。()1.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool______than______inRockyMountainHi