2024秋高中英语Unit2PoemsSectionⅢGrammar-虚拟语气Ⅱ学案含解析新人教版选修6

PAGEUnit2PoemsSectionⅢGrammar——虚拟语气(Ⅱ)一、与过去事实相反的虚拟语气从句主句if＋主语＋had＋过去分词主语＋should/would/could/mighthave＋过去分词如：Iftheweatherhadbeenniceyesterday,wewouldhavegoneforapicnic.假如昨每天气好的话，我们就去野餐了。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthebus.假如你早一点儿来的话，你就能赶上公交车了。二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用1．宾语从句(1)在表示建议、要求、愿望、吩咐、坚持(advise,command,demand,decide,desire,insist,order,prefer,propose,request,require,suggest)等动词后面的宾语从句，或这些动词的同源名词后面所跟的同位语从句或表语从句中，从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中在美式英语中，should常省略。如：Thedoctoradvisedthathechangehisjob.医生建议他换工作。【温馨提示】当suggest表示“示意、表明”以及insist表示“坚持认为、坚持说”时，其后宾语从句表示一种事实，故不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。如：Heinsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他坚持说自己没有偷钱。【巧学助记】一坚持(insist)二吩咐(order,command)三建议(advise,suggest,propose)四要求(demand,require,request,desire)(2)“wish＋宾语从句”表示不行能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“惋惜……；悔不该……；但愿……”。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式；表示将来不行能实现的愿望用“would/could＋动词原形”；表示过去不行能实现的愿望时用“had＋过去分词”。如：IwishIwerebetter­looking.要是我长得再美丽些就好了。IwishIhadmetthefilmstarjustnow.我要是刚才遇到那位电影明星该多好啊！IwishIwouldbeasoldier.我希望自己做一名军人。2．主语从句(1)在Itis＋形容词(important,necessary,good,right,wrong,better,natural,proper,funny,strange,surprising)＋that从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should)＋动词原形”的结构。如：Itisnaturalthatshe(should)doso.很自然她应当这样做。(2)Itbe＋过去分词＋that...(should)．..。用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、恳求、吩咐”等词的过去分词。如：desired,suggested,requested,ordered,proposed等。如：Itisdesiredthatthebuildingofthehousebecompletednextmonth.真希望这所房子在下个月前就能竣工。(3)用于“Itis/was＋名词＋that引导的主语从句”句型中，常见的名词有①表示“惊异、怀疑、缺憾”等意义的名词词组：asurprise,apity,ashame,awonder等。②表示“恳求、吩咐、建议、决心”等意义的名词：advice,demand,decision,order,proposal,requirement,suggestion等。如：Itwasasurprisethatsheshouldresignfromsuchaposition.让人惊异的是，她竟然从这样一个岗位上离开了。3．表语从句(1)用于asif,asthough引导的表语从句中，asif/asthough引导的表语从句假如表示事实或接近事实，则其谓语动词用真实语气。【温馨提示】对现在或将来的虚拟：用一般过去时(did/were)。对过去的虚拟：用过去完成时(haddone)。如：Thewomanappearedasifsheweretheirmother.这个女人就似乎是他们的妈妈一样。Helookedasifhehadknowntheresult.他看上去似乎已经知道了这一结果一样。(2)asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。(3)表示“建议、要求、吩咐”等的名词。如：advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request，其后所接的表语从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。如：Mysuggestionisthatthemeetingshouldn'tbeputoff.我的建议是不应当推迟会议。4．同位语从句与表示“确定、主见、建议、要求、吩咐”等的动词相对应的名词如decision,idea,advice,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request,requirement等，其后所接的同位语从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。如：HemadeasuggestionthattheyshouldholdanEnglishspeechcontest.他提议他们实行一次英语演讲竞赛。三、其他形式的虚拟语气1．“It'stimethat...”句型中的虚拟语气在“It'stimethat...”句型中，从句谓语通常用一般过去时或should＋动词原形，意为“(早)该做某事了”。如：It'shightimethatwewereoff.是我们该走的时候了。2．在wouldrather，would(just)assoon,wouldsooner和wouldprefer结构中，也用虚拟语气。共同特点是：从句中动词用一般过去时，表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时，表示过去的状况。如：I'dratheryoulefttomorrow.我更希望你明天再走。Iwouldjustassoonyouhadtoldmethetruthyesterday.要是你昨天告知我真相就好了。Iwouldratherhaveboughtthedictionary.我要是买了那本字典该多好。表示“祝福”时，常用“may＋主语＋动词原形＋其他”。如：Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!祝你一路顺风！Mayyouryouthlastforever!祝你青春永驻！Ⅰ.同义句转换1．Youdidn'tseethedoctorintime.Therefore,youhaveaworsecoldnow.→Youwouldn't_have_hadaworsecoldifyouhadseenthedoctorintime.2．Allthestudentsmustwearschooluniforms,whichisrequiredintheschoolrules.→Itisrequiredthatallthestudents(should)_wearschooluniforms.3．It'stimeforyoutogotobed.→It'shightimethatyou_went/should_gotobed.4．Wewerewillingtofacethedifficultytogether,butwhydidn'tyoutellus?→Wecould_have_facedthedifficultytogetherifyouhadtoldus.5．Theregularly­closedbackdooroftheroomisopennow,whichisreallystrange.→It'sreallystrangethattheregularly­closedbackdooroftheroom(should)_be_opennow.Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．IfonlyIhad_looked(look)aheadafewdaysago!ThenIwouldn'thavebeenfeelingsoworried.2．It'shightimethatwedid/should_do(do)morningexercises.3．Teachersrecommendparentsshouldn't_allow(notallow)theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.4．Itisstrangethatheshould_have_finished(finish)homeworknow.Itisonly7o'clock.5．Itisnecessarythathe(should)_come(come)intimetoattendthemeeting.6．Jane'spalefacesuggestedthatshewas(be)ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe(should)_have(have)amedicalexamination.7．Theytalkedasiftheyhad_been(be)friendsforyears.8．Itisapitythatyoushould_have_missed(miss)thefilm.9．SoIsuggestthatyou(should)_take(take)yourfriends'advice.10．Afterwelanded,aspassengersstreamedpastus,Iinsistedthatthelady(should)_move(move)asidewhileawaitingherwheelchair.Ⅲ.句型训练1．HetalksaboutRomeas_if_he_had_been_there_before(似乎他以前去过似