第13讲-应用文写作(外研版2019选择必修1)(原卷版)

第13讲应用文写作复习高一应用文写作和提前预习高二常见应用文文体写法掌握常见应用文写作策略和写作技巧1.文体形式纵观历年高考试卷可以看出，书面表达题采用指导性写作或控制性写作结合开放式作文的形式，指导性写作大多通过提纲、图画、图表等方式限定内容、人称、时态、字数、文体等，自由发挥的空间不大。开放式作文通常可自由发挥，表明自己独特的看法或观点。《考试大纲》把高考英语作文定义为“情景表达”。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等；提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。从近五年高考书面表达考查方式分布表来看，情景提供形式以提纲为主流，多以书信形式呈现。书信是高考英语书面表达中比较常见的考查方式。在文体上,书信包括商务信函和私人信函。从内容方面说,书信包括邀请信、感谢信、投诉信、建议信、慰问信、介绍信、自荐信、咨询信、求助信和求职信等。在格式上有些比较正式,有些则随意一些。2，题材特点(1)题材贴近学生生活。(2)突出考查考生实际运用语言的能力。现实感强，情景逼真，易于动笔。考生读完题以后，觉得有好多话可写，具有一定的挑战性。3.解题步骤（1）全面审题、文体格式，主题人称。（2）列好提纲，理顺要点,添加过渡，使用高级结构，提高写作档次。（3）工整誊写，仔细检查。4.写作技巧1.正确性：书面表达必须坚持正确第一的原则，保证所写句子在语法上、结构上是正确的、得体的，尤其是文章的开头和结尾。2.条理性：在确保正确的前提下，适当运用一些连接词或连接句，使文章条理清晰。同时还要学会分段，使用三段式。3.多样性：在确保正确的前提下，要追求句型表达的多样性。4.复杂性：在确保正确的前提下，要追求词汇词组及句型的复杂性。5.规范性：要用黑色笔答题，不乱涂乱划，不超出答题区域，字迹要端正，标点符号不乱用。考点1：求职信高级表达1.applyfor申请2.holdanimportantpositionin…在…占据重要位置3.beadmittedinto…被…录取4.e-mailsb.at…按…地址给某人发电子邮件5.inaddition此外6.experienced有经验的promising有希望的7.sincemygraduation/graduatingfrom自从我从…毕业以来8.beaccepted被接受9.reach/realize/accomplishone’sdream/aim/goal实现理想/目标例1．【翻译】e.g.Tomusedtoholdanimportantpositioninthiscompany._____________________________________________________________e.g.Pleasee-mailmeatRedstarhotel@._____________________________________________________________考点2：求助信1.challenge挑战2.facing面临（常置于句首作状语）3.facedwith面临（常置于句首作状语）4.begsb.todosth.恳求某人做某事5.begsb.ofsth.恳求某人提供某物e.g.CanIbegyouofyourhelp?6.begsb.forsth.向某人恳求某物7.average一般的8.followone’sadvice采纳某人的建议9.makeprogress取得进步10.havedifficultyindoingsth.做某事有困难11.havetroubleindoingsth.做某事很费力12.taketroubletodosth.费力地做某事e.g.Iusuallytaketroubletounderstandthetext.13.helpsb.outofdifficulty帮助某人摆脱困境14.wouldlikesb.todosth.请某人做某事例2．【翻译】e.g.Facingsomuchpressure,shedidn’tknowwhattodo.e.g.Facedwithsomuchpressure,shecouldhardlystandit.e.g.I’llfollowyouradviceandtrytodomyworkwell.e.g.I’msurewithyourhelpI’llmakegreaterprogressinmyEnglishstudy.e.g.IhavemuchdifficultyinmyEnglishstudy.考点3：调查报告1.makeup占e.g.Thesmokersmakeuphalfofthetotalnumberoftheparedwith和…相比e.g.Comparedwithboys,girlsareeasiertobecomefat.3.increase上升decrease下降4.goup上升dropdown下降e.g.Recentlythetemperatureherehasbeengoingup.5.aquarterof四分之一threequartersof四分之三e.g.Aquarterofthevillagershavegrownrichonsellingvegetables.6.…timesas…as…是…的…倍7.…timeshigher/longerthan…比…高/长…倍e.g.Thisbridgeisthreetimeslongerthanthatone.8.takeplace发生9.takeonanewlook呈现新面貌e.g.Now,thetowntakesanewlook.10.asmany/high/longas+数词多/高/长达…e.g.Asmanyastenstudentsarelatetoday.11.moreorless大约12.withthedevelopmentof随着…的发展例3【翻译】e.g.Withthedevelopmentofindustryandagriculture,thistownwillbecomemoreandmorebeautiful.e.g.Therearesixtystudentsmoreorlessinthisclass.e.g.Thenumberofthestudentswhooftenplaycomputergamesisincreasing.e.g.Comparedwithboys,girlsareeasiertobecomefat.e.g.Thisyeartheyhaveproducedthreetimesasmanycarsastheydidlastyear.e.g.Inrecentyearsgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthevillage.考点4：人物介绍1.bereadytodosth.乐意做某事e.g.Iknowthatsheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.2.fasionable时尚的humorous幽默的gentle文雅的3.suchis这就是（用于对人物介绍作总结）e.g.SuchisourEnglishteacher,akindandhardworkingman.4.beelectedamodel…被选为模范e.g.Hismotherisoftenelectedamodelworker.5.bedeeplyrespectedandloved深受人们尊敬和爱戴6.wingreathonorfor…为…赢得巨大荣誉7.break/keeptherecordof…打破/保持…纪录8.setanewrecord创造新纪录例4【翻译】*Asyoucanimagine,itisverydifficulttolearnmath.Istayedatherhomeforaweek,duringwhichtimeIdiscussedmanyproblemwithher.ThisisthegirlwithoutwhomIcouldn’thavewonthebigprize.ThisistheboywithwhosesisterIhavealreadyworkedfortenyears.我和他姐姐已经一起工作了10年。考点5：地点介绍1.lieinthecenterof位于…的中心2.suchas诸如3.lieintheeast/west/south/northof…位于…的东/西/南/北部4.lie(to)/ontheeast/west/south/northof…位于…的东/西/南/北边[两地(不)接壤]5.coveronareaof覆盖…的面积e.g.Ourcitycoversanareaof10000squarekilometers.6.haveapopulationof有…人口7.behigh/richin含有丰富的…e.g.Thissmallcountryishigh/richinnaturalresources.8.a…withgreenhillsandbeautifulriverseg.Thisisavillagewithgreenhillsandbeautifulrivers.9.befamous/well-knownfor因…出名eg.Asweallknow,HangzhouisfamousfortheWestLake.例5【单句填空】*Solongasyougetthereintime,youcanseehim.只要你及时赶到那里，你就能看到他。IputabookmarkwhereIhadaquestion.我在有问题的地方放了一张书签。Ourschoollieswherethereusedtobeachurch.过去在我们学校所在的地方有一座教堂。考点6：邀请信邀请信（校园活动）文章的基本框架：这类书面表达的一般写作格式为：1.Beginning____问候，自我介绍；写作背景，写作目的____Point1____时间，地点（表达法）2.BodyPoint2________活动安排Point3_________欢迎他表演节目或活动目的_________3.Ending____希望，感谢（问候），期待Step2教学过程话题词汇(汉译英）1．___________________邀请2．___________________裁判，评委3．___________________节日4．___________________比赛5．___________________日程表6.___________________安排7.___________________举办8.___________________目的9.___________________参加10.___________________表演11.___________________活动12.___________________期待13.__________________希望14.___________________主题15.___________________考虑16.___________________感激话题句式（英译汉）【邀请信审题分析-写作要点归纳】第一段：问候+（自我介绍）+背景信息+写作目的问候：Howareyoudoing?/Howiseverythinggoing?/Howisitgoing?背景信息：1.从句引出（I’mdelightedtotellyou…）直接表达：Ourschoolwillholda/an…/Ourclassplantovisit…写作目的：I’mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinus./Iwouldinviteyoutojoinus.第二段：主干要点（活动介绍+拓展句）拓展的范围：活动安排：活动名称、活动时间、地点、内容、参加人员、活动的作用或目等活动地点：…willbeheldin/on/at…活动时间：…willstartat/bescheduledtostartat/on…/this/next/lastSunday活动内容：therewillbevariousactivities/performances(suchas)…somefamousartistswilloffersomecourseson…Ourheadmasterwilldeliveraspeechon…参加人员：Alltheteachersandstudentswillattend.活动作用或目的：aimto/inorderto/notonly…butalso第三段:邀请+期待答复希望参加或邀请Isincerelyhopeyouwilltakethechance.Isincerelyexpectyoutocome.IhopeyouwillacceptmyinvitationandIbelieveyouwillhaveagreattimethere.期待答复Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.例6【写作模板】Dear___________,Howiseverythinggoing?I’m_______fromChina.I'mmorethandelightedtoinformyouthat___________________willhold_______________.SoI'mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinus.Atthebeginningoftheactivity,__________________willstart_______________________.Afterthat,therewillbevariousfantasticperformancesplayedbytalentedandexcellentpeople.Besides,_________________________,whichwillhelpyou_____________.Iamsureyouwillhaveareallygoodtimethere.Idohopethatyoucanjoinus.Pleasefeelfreetoaskmeifyouhaveanyquestions.I'mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua升级模板：Dear_______, Knowingyouarefascinatedby_________

（非谓语解释说明背景）,Iamextremelydelightedtoinviteyouto_________

（邀请事宜）.Herearesomedetailsconcerningit. Asscheduled,the_______

(活动)willbein_______

(地点)on________(举办日期),whichwilllastfor__________(定语从句进一步解释说明持续时间).

Duringtheexhibition,awiderangeofactivitieswillbeheld,enablingyoutohaveabetterunderstandingofChinesetraditionalculture.

Tobeginwith,itwillprovideyouwithaplatformto________(具体活动1).

Additionally,whatyouwillalsoenjoyis________

（具体活动2）.I’mconfidentthatyouwillhaveawonderfultime. Isincerelyhopethatyoucanattendthe_______

(活动).Pleaseconfirmyourpresenceatyourearliestconvenience.Yourearlyreplywillbehighlyappreciated.Yours,LiHua考点7：演讲稿1．___________________环境2．___________________平衡3．___________________污染4．___________________能源5．___________________重复使用6.___________________缺少7.___________________供应不足8.___________________节水习惯9.__________________自然资源10.___________________灾难11.___________________生态系统12.___________________濒危的13.__________________可回收的14.___________________职责15.___________________关注16.___________________意识例7【单句填空】Hi,everyone/Ladiesandgentlemen!自我介绍；②；③；④；⑤举措二；⑥举措三；⑦举措四。I'm自我介绍.It'smygreathonortobehereto表示荣幸并引出话题.Asweallknow,分析问题，展开论述.Therefore,it'shightimewedidsomethingaboutit.Firstly,aneffectiveway,Ithink,isto举措一.Secondly,newmethodsneedtobe举措二.Thirdly,wemust举措三.Lastbutnotleast,it'severyone'sresponsibilityto举措四.That'sall.Thankyou.（全国卷3）假定你是李华，你校将举办音乐节。请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友Allen参加，内容包括：时间；活动安排欢迎他表演节目注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（全国卷1）假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：1．写信目的：2．个人优势：3．能做的事情。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸（paper-cutting）艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1.展览时间、地点；2.展览内容。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）假如你叫李华，学校学生会主席。为迎接3月21日世界森林日（WorldForestDay）的到来，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，号召全校师生保护地球森林资源