专题-13-猴痘的传播-2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练

2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练(13)Anewoutbreakofdisease:Thespreadofmonkeypox新的疾病爆发：猴痘的传播【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。）SINCEBRITAINreportedacaseof

monkeypox

onMay

7th,morethan

300

furthercases

havebeenreportedacrosstheworld.Thedisease,whichisusually

confined

toAfrica,isnow

present

inatleast

17

countriesinEuropeandfiveothernon-Africanones.

The

symptomsaresimilartothoseof

smallpox(天花),adiseasethatonce

troubled

humansbuthasnowbeen

wipedout.Someresearcherssuggestthat,endingroutineanti-smallpox

vaccination(疫苗)

mayhaveopenedthedoorfor

monkeypox

tospread.

TheWorldHealthOrganisation(WHO)saystheillnessrarelykillshealthyadultsiftreatedearly,butcanbedangerousforchildren,

pregnant

womenandthe

immunocompromised(免疫缺陷的).Thosewarningsareimportant.ThereisnorecordedcaseofanyoneoutsideAfricahavingdiedof

monkeypox.Butinthat

land,wherehealthcareisoftenpoor,itis

fatal

3-6%ofthetime.Also,a

strain

prevalent(流行菌株)

inCongoismuchmorelikelytokillthanthewestAfrican

variant

(变种)nowspreadingoutsidethe

continent.

PreviousEuropeanoutbreakshavebeenlimitedto

travellers

fromAfrica,ortheirclosecontacts.ThefirstcasefoundinBritainthismonthinvolvedsomeonerecentlyarrivedfromNigeria.Sincethen,thediseasehasspreadmorewidely.ByMay

25thBritainhad

diagnosed

71

cases.Spainhadreported

119.Portugal,

39.Argentina,AustriaandDenmark

confirmed

infectionsonMay

23rd.

Monkeypox

ismost

frequently

transmitted

byskin-to-skincontact,

bodily

fluidsor

polluted

materialsuchasclothesandbedding.ManyoftherecentEuropeaninfectionshavebeenlinkedtobigevents.HansKluge,theWHO’s

regional

directorforEurope,haswarnedthatfestivalsandparties

could

acceleratetransmissionduringthesummermonths.Herecommendsthoroughhandwashingand

protective

equipmentforhealthworkers.

Infected

peopleandtheircontactshavebeenadvisedto

isolate

for

21

daysandhealth

authorities

areusingcontact-tracingto

reducethespread.

Butthe

virus

isnotas

rapidly

transmissible

asSARS-COV-2.Nordoesitdevelopasquicklyascoronaviruses,reducingtheriskofitsuddenlybecomingmoredangerous.AndWesterncountriesknowhowto

deal

withit.ThelastbigoutbreakoutsideAfricawasin

2003,when

monkeypox-carrying

prairie

dogscausedmorethan

70

casesinAmerica.Thatincidentwasquicklycontained.

Vaccination

canhelppeoplerecoverevenaftertheyhavebeen

infected,and

smallpox

jabs(ofwhichmanycountries

keep

largestocks)are

estimated

tobe

85%effectiveagainst

monkeypox.Someplacesarealready“ring-vaccinating”thepersonalcontactsofthose

infected,bothtoprotectthe

individuals

inquestionandtobreakthechainof

infection.So,althoughthenumberofcaseswillprobablycontinuetoriseforawhile,

monkeypox

ismostunlikelytoleadtolockdownsinthewaythat

covid-19

did.【课标词汇精讲】confinev.限制；使局限Yourboatingwillmostlybeconfinedtoafewhoursatweekends.你通常只限于在周末划几个小时船。Let'sconfineourdiscussiontothematterinquestion,please!请把讨论集中在正题上！presentadj.现存的；当前的Wedonothaveanymoreinformationatthepresenttime.目前我们没有进一步的消息。

Afewbriefcommentsaresufficientforpresentpurposes.就当前而言,几句简短的话已经足够了。wipeout

彻底毁灭;勾销;去除，抹去;使疲惫不堪Wholevillageswerewipedoutbythefloods.整个整个的村庄被洪水吞没。Allthattravellinghaswipedherout.一路舟车辛劳让她疲惫不堪。fatal致命的;灾难性的Thisillnessisfatalinalmostallcases.这种病几乎是不治之症。Hemadethefatalmistake/errorofbelievingwhattheytoldhim.他听信了他们的话，犯了灾难性的错误。continent大陆,大洲•theNorthAmericancontinent北美大陆•thecontinentsofAsiaandAfrica亚非两洲；亚洲和非洲previous以前的，先前的I'vemethimbeforeontwopreviousoccasions.我以前见过他两次Doyouhaveanypreviousexperienceofthistypeofwork?你以前有过做这种工作的经验吗？contact传达；联系；遭遇，遇见Hehadlostcontactwithhisfriends.他和朋友们失去了联系。I'mstillincontactwithher-wewriteacoupleoftimesayear.我和她仍有联系——我们一年写几封信。involve包括，包含；使参与，牵涉Thesecondaccidentinvolvedtwocarsandalorry.第二次意外涉及两辆小汽车和一辆大卡车。She'sbeeninvolvedwithanimalrightsformanyyears.她多年来一直参与保护动物权益的活动。Itwouldbedifficultnottoinvolvethechild'sfatherinthearrangements.不让孩子的父亲参与筹划会很困难。diagnose诊断（疾病等）Shewasfinallydiagnosedashavingepilepsy.她最终被确诊为患有癫痫。20,000menarediagnosedwithskincancereveryyear.每年有20,000名男子被查出患有皮肤癌confirm证实，确定Sixpeoplehaveconfirmedthattheywillbeattendingandtenhaven'trepliedyet.有六人已确认将参加，还有十人尚未答覆。Flightsshouldbeconfirmed48hoursbeforedeparture.应该在起飞前48小时确认航班。transmit传递；传播Choleraistransmittedthroughcontaminatedwater.霍乱是透过受污染的水传播。Somediseasesaretransmittedfromonegenerationtothenext.有些疾病是世代遗传的。link把…联系起来;有联系，有关联:Aloveofnaturelinksthetwopoets.对大自然的热爱把两位诗人联系在一起。Strongfamilytiesstilllinkedthemtogether.牢固的家庭纽带依然把他们联系在一起。accelerate（使）加快，（使）增速；促进；提前，（促使）早日发生Thecaracceleratedsmoothlyaway.

那辆汽车平稳地加速离开。Exposuretothesuncanacceleratetheageingprocess.暴露在日光下会加快老化过程。recommend推荐，荐举;劝告做，建议（某事）Irecommendwritingyourfeelingsdownonpaper.我建议你把自己的感受写下来。Thedoctorrecommended(that)Itakemoreexercise.医生建议我多做运动。

infected受感染的Aftertheoperationthewoundbecameinfected.手术后伤口受到了感染。Cleanthewoundsoitdoesn'tgetinfected.清洗一下伤口以免感染。isolate使隔离；使孤立；使脱离Hewasisolatedfromalltheotherprisoners.他被人从其他所有囚犯隔离开来。Theytriedtoisolate(=find)thecauseoftheproblem.他们试图找出问题的原因。contain控制，抑制，克制Hecouldbarelycontainhimselffromjumpinguptoexclaim.他几乎控制不住要跳起来惊叫。Morepoliceweresenttohelpcontaintheviolence.更多警力被派去协助控制暴力行为。estimate估计；估算；估价Theyestimate(that)thejourneywilltakeatleasttwoweeks.他们估计这次行程至少需要两周时间。Thetreeisestimatedtobeatleast700yearsold.这棵树估计至少有700年了。19.inquestion正被谈论的，讨论中的；考虑中的；辩论中的;有疑问的，被怀疑的:Istayedathomeonthenightinquestion.那个晚上我留在家里没外出。I'mafraidhishonestyisnowinquestion.恐怕他的诚信现在让人怀疑了。20.leadto导致，引起Closingtheplantwillleadto300joblosses.关掉这个工厂会导致300多人失业。AdegreeinEnglishcouldleadtoacareerinjournalism.

有英语专业的学位可让你有机会从事新闻工作。【课标词汇精练】根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”和“重点短语”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。I'veacceptedthejoboverthephone,butIhaven'tinwritingyet.我已在电话中接受了这份工作，但还没有书面确认。Somehowyourpanicandfearitselftothehorsethatyou'reriding.不知怎么的，你的恐惧会传染给你骑的马。Wherewereyouduringtheevening?所说的那天晚上你在哪儿？Thereisn'tenoughbetweenteachersandparents.老师和家长间联系不够。Ipreferteachingmethodsthatactivelystudentsinlearning.我较喜欢能让学生主动参与学习的教学法。Byclosingtheinfectedfarmswe'rehopingtothediseasetothenorthoftheregion.透过关闭受感染的农场，我们希望把疾病限制在该地区的北部。Thesituationcannotbeallowedtocontinue.不能允许现在的局面持续下去。Nothingcouldhisbittermemoriesofthepast.什么也抹不掉他过去的痛苦记忆。Hisconditionassomesortofblooddisorder.他的病被诊断为某种血液病。Ifitisnottreatedcorrectly,theconditioncanprove.

如果治疗不当，这种病可能会致命。Trainingisprovided,sonoexperienceisrequiredforthejob.这项工作提供培训，因此不要求以前有相关经验Reducingspeedlimitsshouldfewerdeathsontheroads.降低限速可以减少交通死亡人数。Youarestronglytoseekprofessionaladvice.你寻求专业方面的咨询。Theclimberstogetherbyropes.登山者用绳子连在一起。Theyusespecialchemicalstothegrowthofcrops.他们使用特殊的化学品来刺激农作物生长。Farmsintheareahavebeenclosedoffinanattempttothedisease.为阻止疾病扩散，该地区的农场都被关闭了。Itwasdifficulttohowmanytreeshadbeendestroyed.很难估计有多少树被毁。Inheavilyareas,halfthepopulationbecomeblind.在受污染严重的地区,有一半人口失明。Ahighwallthehousefromtherestofthevillage.一堵高墙将这栋房子与村庄的其他部分隔离开Keys:I'veacceptedthejoboverthephone,butIhaven'tconfirmedinwritingyet.Somehowyourpanicandfeartransmitsitselftothehorsethatyou'reriding.Wherewereyouduringtheeveninginquestion?Thereisn'tenoughcontactbetweenteachersandparents.Ipreferteachingmethodsthatactivelyinvolvestudentsinlearning.Byclosingtheinfectedfarmswe'rehopingtoconfinethediseasetothenorthoftheregion.Thepresentsituationcannotbeallowedtocontinue.Nothingcouldwipeouthisbittermemoriesofthepast.Hisconditionwasdiagnosedassomesortofblooddisorder.Ifitisnottreatedcorrectly,theconditioncanprovefatal(=befatal).

Trainingisprovided,sonopreviousexperienceisrequiredforthejob.Reducingspeedlimitsshouldleadtofewerdeathsontheroads.Youarestronglyrecommendedtoseekprofessionaladvice.Theclimberswerelinkedtogetherbyropes.Theyusespecialchemicalstoacceleratethegrowthofcrops.Farmsintheareahavebeenclosedoffinanattempttocontainthedisease.Itwasdifficulttoestimatehowmanytreeshadbeendestroyed.Inheavilyinfectedareas,halfthepopulationbecomeblind.Ahighwallisolatedthehousefromtherestofthevillage.【译文】自英国5月7日报告第一例猴痘病例以来，全球各地已累计报告300多例。通常猴痘仅出现在非洲，但如今猴痘病例已存在于至少17个欧洲国家以及其他5个非洲以外国家。猴痘的症状（发烧、乏力以及遍布在脸上和身体上的脓疱）与天花类似，天花曾一度肆虐全人类，但如今已被消灭。一些研究人员表示，正是因为不再进行常态化注射天花疫苗，可能给猴痘的传播打开了大门。

世卫组织称，猴痘若能早治疗，则几乎不会给健康成年人造成生命危险，但是儿童、孕妇以及免疫功能低下人群的死亡风险较大。这些警告至关重要。目前没有非洲以外病例死于猴痘的报告。但在医疗