Unit-1单元话题阅读理解练习(外研版2019)

Unit1单元话题阅读理解专项练习(名校最新真题)（2022·江苏·扬州大学附属中学高一阶段练习）Peoplewhoofteneatnutsappeartolivelonger,accordingtothelateststudyofitskind.Thefindings,publishedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,suggestedthegreatestbenefitwasinthoseeatingthemontheirdailydiet.Eatingnutswaslinkedtoahealthierlifestyleincludingbeinglesslikelytosmokeorbeoverweightandmorelikelytoexercise.TheBritishHeartFoundationsaidmoreresearchwasneededtoprovethelink,“Whilethisisaninterestinglink,weneedfurtherresearchtomakesureifit’sthenutsthatprotecthearthealth,orothersidesofpeople’lifestyle.”Thestudyfollowednearly120,000peoplefor30years.Themoreregularlypeopleatenuts,thelesslikelytheyweretodieduringthestudy.Peopleeatingnutsonceaweekwere11%lesslikelytohavediedduringthestudythanthosewhoneveratenuts.LeadresearcherDr.CharlesFuchs,fromtheDana-FarberCancerInstituteandBrighamandWomen’Hospital,said,“Themostobviousbenefitwasadecreaseof29%indeathsfromheartdisease,butwealsosawasignificantreduction—11%—inthedangerofdyingfrowncancer.”Theysuggestnutsareloweringcholesterol(胆固醇).Andinsulinresistance(胰岛素抗性).Nutscontainunsaturatedfat(不饱和脂肪),proteinandseveralkindsofvitaminsandmineralsandtheycantaketheplaceofsnackslikechocolatebars,cakesandbiscuits.VictoriaTaylor,seniorexpertattheBritishHeartFoundation,said,“Thisstudyshowscloseconnectionbetweenregularlyeatingasmallhandfulofnutsandalowerriskofdeathfromheartdisease.”Choosingplain,unsaltedfoodsratherthansweet,salted,orchocolate-coveredwillkeepyoursaltandsugarintakedown.1．Accordingtothepassage,whatkindofpeoplebenefitmostfromeatingnuts?A．Thosewhosufferfromacancer.B．Thoseundermedicaltreatments.C．Thosewhoeatnutsontheirdailydiet.D．Thosecagestolowercholesterol.2．Whichkindofdiseasehadamostdecreaseforregularnutseater?A．Heartdisease.B．Stomachdisease.C．Cancer.D．Unknown.3．Thewriterdevelopedthearticlemainlyby________.A．openingadebateB．givingexamplesC．listingdataD．comparingthedifference4．Whichsectionshouldthepassagebetakenfromthenewspaper?A．Sciencesection.B．Healthsection.C．Entertainmentsection.D．Teachsection.（2022·辽宁·高一阶段练习）Coffeeisoneofthemostpopulardrinksintheworld.Therearemanywaystodrinkcoffee.Hereiswhatacupofcoffeelookslikearoundtheworld.Espresso(浓缩咖啡)RomanoEspressoisthemostpopularcoffeedrinkinRome,soyouwillfindlotsofwaystoprepareitthere.OnegoodwaytohavecoffeeinRomeiswithasliceoflemon.Itcanbeservedonthesideorputrightintoyourcupofespresso.Itissaidthatthesournessoflemonbringsoutthesweetnessofcoffee,soyouactuallydon’tneedtoaddanysugar!FlatWhiteNowyoucanfindflatwhiteineverycoffeeshoparoundtheworld.Flatwhiteisrelativelyyoung—itwasinventedinSydney,Australia,somewhereinthemid-80s.Thisdrinkmightbelikealatte,butdon’tgetconfused.Flatwhiteispreparedwithmoreespressofollowedbylessmilkthanlatte.It’sstrongerthanlatteduetolessmilk.YuenyeungWeareprettyusedtodrinkingcoffeewithmilk,buthowaboutmixingitwithmilktea?ThisisexactlyhowpeopleliketodrinktheircoffeeinHongKong.AlsonamedKopiChaminMalaysia,thistypeofdrinkisamixtureofcoffeeandtraditionalmilktea,whichcanbeservedeitherhotorcold.KopiSusuPanasMalaysiaisoneofthemanycountriesthatlikecoffeetobesweetandmilky.Oneofthewaystoachievethatisbymixingstrongcoffeewithcondensedmilk.ThatisKopiSusuPanas.Strongcoffeeismadefromfreshlygroundbeansandthenthickcondensedmilkisaddedontop.5．WhatisspecialaboutEspressoRomano?A．Itcontainscondensedmilk. B．Ittastesquitesweet.C．Ithasalemonsliceinit. D．Itismixedwithmilktea.6．Whatisthedifferencebetweenflatwhiteandlatte?A．Lattetastesstrongerthanflatwhite. B．Lattecontainsmoremilkthanflatwhite.C．Flatwhitewasinventedearlierthanlatte. D．Flatwhiteispreparedwithmuchlessespresso.7．WhichmightbemorepopularwithMalaysian?A．KopiSusuPanasandflatwhite. B．KopiSusuPanasandEspressoRomano.C．YuenyeungandEspressoRomano. D．YuenyeungandKopiSusuPanas.（2022·江苏淮安·高一期末）Familieswithunhealthydietshaveworsementalhealththanthosewhomostlyavoidmealspackedwithsugar,fatandsalt.Anewstudyisthefirsttoshowthatchildren’smentalhealthisnotimmunetowhattheyeat,especiallyinflammatory(引起炎症的)diets.Theeffectsofinflammatorydietsareputtingkidsonapathtopoormentalhealthfromasyoungasage11.Theevidence(证据)isnowwellprovedthatinflammationinthebodyisactuallydamagingbodiesgraduallyandleadingtomanychronic(慢性的)diseases.TheMurdochChildren’sResearchInstitute(MCRI)lookedatthedietsandself-reportedmentalhealthofmorethan1,800Australianparentsandtheir11-to-12-year-oldchildren.aswellasmeasuringmarkersofchronicinflammationintheirblood.Thestudy,publishedintheBritishJournalofNutrition,showedthebenefitsofhealthyeating—namelyanti-inflammatorydietshighinfruitandvegetables—extendedbeyondphysicalhealth,andthatfamiliescaneattheirwaytogoodmentalhealth.Achild’sweightwasnotaninfluencingfactor.Regardless(不管)ofsize,thebadeffectsofinflammatorydietshighinprocessedfoodsaffectedchildrenacrosstheboard.LeadresearcherattheMCRI,DrKateLycettsaidwhileresearchhadshownthatspecificanti-inflammatorydietscouldreducedepressionsymptoms(症状)inadults,peopleknewlittleabouttheeffectonchildrenandhowatypicalfamilydiet—amixofbothinflammatoryandanti-inflammatoryfoods—affectedmentalhealth.“Whatsurprisedmewaswesawthesameresultsintermsoftheriskinchildrenandparents,”DrLycettsaid.“That’sreallyimportant,becauseasadultswetrytocontrolwhatweeat.Weknowwhenweeatapacketofchipswefeelsad,butweoftendon’tthinkaboutthatwhenwegiveourkidsthosechips.”8．Whichdietshouldchildrenavoid?A．Thediethighinprocessedfoods. B．Thedietlowinsugar,fatandsalt.C．Thediethighinfruitandvegetables. D．Thedietlowininflammatoryfoods. 9．WhatcanweknowaboutDrLycett’sstudy?A．Inflammationinourbodycontributestochronicdiseases.B．Wecaneatourwaytogoodhealthphysicallyandmentally.C．Achild’smentalhealthisnotimmunetohisorherweight.D．Anti-inflammatorydietscanreducedepressionsymptoms.10．WhatdoesDrLycettreallywanttoexpressinthelastparagraph?A．Theriskofgivingadultsinflammatoryfoods.B．Thefeelingofeatingapacketoftastychips.C．Theeffectofatypicalfamilydietonchildren.D．Theimportanceofcontrollingwhatkidseat.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．HealthyeatingleadstonoinflammationB．FamilydietshaveamixedeffectonkidsC．Unhealthydietsareharmingkids’mentalhealthD．Junkfoodisdamagingkids’physicalhealth（2022·辽宁·沈阳市第一二〇中学高一阶段练习）Haveyoueversuddenlydevelopedanappetitefromapassingglanceatafreewaybillboardfeaturingabrightlycoloredcheeseburger,ordecidedtostepintoacandyoricecreamstoredisplayingawindowfulloflivelyshadesandhues(色调)ofsweettreats?Ifso,youareingoodcompany.Unlesswearemedicallyrestrictedorstrictlydieting,wearenotlikelytoresistinvitingfaresimplybecausewerecognizethelackofnutritionalvalue.DevinaWadheraandElizabethD．Capaldi-PhillipsinAReviewofVisualCuesAssociatedwithFoodrecognizetheimpactofsensorycues(信号)onfoodconsumptionandenjoyment,andthepotentialtheyhavetopromotehealthyeatingbehavior.Theycitepreviousresearchinprovidingsomeinterestingexamplesofthevisualimpactofdifferentcolorschemes(方案)ontasteandfoodenjoyment.Theynotethatpinkfoodonawhiteplatewasconsideredsweeterandmoreflavorfulthanthesamefoodonablackplate.Apparently,weconsumewithmoreofoursensesthanwerealize.Sogiventherainbowofcolorsarounduswhenfacedwithsomanyappealingfoodchoices,isthereanywaytocontrolourappetite?Thankfully,someresearchsaysyes.OliverGenschowdemonstratedthatwhenitcomestoeatinglesscolorsimpactconsumption.Theyspecificallyresearchedtheeffectofthecolorred.Theyfoundthatpeopleatefewerpretzelswhenusingaredplate,asopposedtowhiteorblue,anddranklessfromaredcupthanabluecup.Theysuggestthatthecolorredreducesfoodanddrinkintakebyfunctioningasastopsignal.Butwhenitcomestohealthyeating,insteadofputtingonapairofsunglassestoblocktheinvitinghuesoffoodcues,considerthevalueofdiscipline.Healthyeatinginvolvesintentionalchoices,notmindlessresponsestosensorycues.Andbeforeyouinvestinmanyredtablewaretoslimdown,rememberthatwhatgoesontothoseplatesismuchmoreimportant.12．Whatmaybeamajorreasonforustorefuseeye-catchingfood?A．Theshortageofnutrition. B．Therichcoloroffinefoods.C．Thedoctor’sinstructions. D．Advertisementseverywhere.13．WhatmightbedealtwithinAReviewofVisualCuesAssociatedwithFood?A．Benefitsofdifferentcolorschemes.B．Interestingexamplesoffoodservice.C．Potentialstopromotefoodconsumption.D．Effectsofsensorycuesoneatingbehavior.14．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledointhelastparagraph?A．Followthesensoryresponse. B．Makefoodchoicessensibly.C．Wearsunglassestoblockcolors. D．Avoidcolorfulfoodintentionally.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowPeoplecanControlTheirAppetite.B．HowPeopleareTrickedbyColorSchemes.C．HowColorsImpactFoodAppealandAppetite.D．HowBrightColorsMakeFoodMoreAppealing.（2022·四川·雅安中学高一开学考试）Chinesecuisineiswidelyknownandenjoyedallaroundtheworld.Whodoesn’tlongforafavouriteChinesedish?ButthereisoneinterestingconceptconcerningChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardintheWest,andwhichisbecomingincreasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast—theancientcustomoftonicfood.Tonicfoodisfoodwhichisconsumedtoimproveone’swell-beingoravoidsickness.Forinstance,itwasoncethecustomfornewmotherstoeatasesameoilhotpoteverydayforthefirstmonthaftergivingbirth.Itwasbelievedthatthisdishwouldbenefitthemuscles,reducepain,improvecirculation,stimulatesweating,andwarmthebody.Somefoods,suchasgoatmeatandspinach(菠菜),areseenas“hot”,whileothers,suchasChinesecabbageandradishes(小萝卜),areseenas“cold”.Oneshouldbecarefulnottoeattoomuchofeither“hot”or“cold”food.However,howmuch“hot”or“cold”foodoneshouldeatdependsonthetimeoftheyear,howthefoodispreparedandwhatitispreparedwith,andtheindividual’shealth.Thecustomofemployingtonicfoodforahealthierlifealsoinfluencesthecateringindustry.Chineseherbalmedicines,suchasthewolfberry(枸杞子),canbefoundonmanyarestaurantmenu,eitheraddedtofruitteaorasabeneficialadditiontoadish.Theseherbsattractcustomers,suchasoverworkedofficestaffinneedofamodestpick-me-up.So,whetheryouneedtoboostyourstrengthwithalargehelpingofchickensoup,orincreaseyourmentalpowerswithsomefishsoup,youmayfindthatthisancientChinesecustomcouldbejustthetonicyouwerelookingfor.16．Whatisthepresentsituationoftonicfood?A．Itiscatchinglessattention.B．Itisenjoyedbymanyyoungpeople.C．Itiswellknownworldwide.D．Itisbecomingincreasinglypopular.17．Whatisbelievedtobenefitnewmothers?A．Chinesecabbage. B．Fruittea.C．Sesameoilhotpot. D．Fishsoup.18．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“catering”underlinedinparagraph3?A．Medicine. B．Restaurant. C．Education. D．Fashion.19．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A．TopresentthecharmofChinesecuisine.B．Toshowthepopularityoftonicfood.C．TointroduceChinesetonicfood.D．Totellthedifferencesbetweenhotfoodandcoldfood.（2022·新疆石河子一中高一阶段练习）Manyofusliketoeatoutandtreatourselvestodeliciousfood.Weareusedtochoosinghearty(丰盛的),fat-filleddishesandsugarydesserts,whicharenoteasilycookedathome.Therecentriseoflightmeals,however,givesusasmarterchoice.AccordingtoEconomicDaily,low-calorie,low-fatandhigh-fibremealshavebecomepopularinChina’srestaurantsandonlinedeliveryplatforms.Thecountrysawarapidincreaseofrestaurantsconcentratingonlightmeals,fromjust600in2017tomorethan3,500in2018.AccordingtoareportpublishedbyMeituan,amajoronlinefooddeliveryplatform,thenumberoflightmealsorderedonlinealsorose75percentfromthepreviousyear.Havingalightmeal,however,doesn’tmeaneatingonlyvegetables.Differentfromthemeat-freelifestyle,atypicallightdishavoidsoily,saltyandspicyfood.Instead,itcontainsthingslikeboiledmeat,wholegrains,fruitsandvegetables.Healthynutrients(营养物)arethethemeofthelightmeal.Thesedishesareusefulforkeepinghealthyandcontrollingyourweight.That’sprobablywhysomanypeople,especiallytheyouthsareintothem.Theyseeitas“agreatwaytoavoidgettingfat,”wrotetheTelegraph.“Aftereatingseverallightmeals,Inowpreferlightflavours,”ZouJing,acollegeteacherinWuhan,toldChinaDaily.Shesharedapictureofherlunch:amixtureofbeef,eggs,corn,mushroomsandcherrytomatoes.Thesechangesineatingbehaviourareconnectedtodeeperchangesinhowpeoplethinkaboutfood,saysWalterWillett,chairmanofthenutritiondepartmentattheHarvardT.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth,US.“Dietquality,notquantity,isimportantforbothweightcontrolandlong-termwell-being,”WilletttoldTheNewYorkTimes.Sothenexttimeyouhaveapartywithfriends,tryalightmeal.Itwillsatisfynotonlyyourstomachsbutmaybealsoyourhearts.20．WhatisthemainwaythattheauthorusedtoprovethepopularityoflightmealsinChina?A．Listingnumbers. B．Givingexamples. C．Givingdescriptions. D．Showingotherpeople’sopinions.21．Whydomanyyoungpeopleenjoylightmeals,accordingtothearticle?A．Theyareusuallycolourful. B．Theyaresimpleandconvenient.C．Theyarecheaperthanothermeals. D．Theycanhelppeoplecontroltheirweight.22．Whatdoweknowfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Lightmealswillstaypopularforawhile.B．One’seatinghabitshowstheirpersonality.C．Thereisachangeinattitudetowardhealthyeating.D．It’simportanttoeattherightamountofgoodfood.23．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Howtoloseweightquickly B．IntroductionaboutlightmealsC．Tipsoneatingonlyvegetables

D．Theriseofonlinefooddeliveryplatform（2022·辽宁·营口市第二高级中学高一期末）LiuFang,whoworksasamediaworkerinBeijing,goestoastorespecializinginsellingnear-expired(将要过期的)foodinSanlitunandreturnswithabagofsnacksordrinkseveryweek.“Thepricetagsonthesegoodshavecaughtmyeye.Theyareoftensoldat10percentto30percentofthemarketprice,”Liusaid.“Moreimportantly,mostofthemarefrombigbrands.Whywouldn’tIlovethem?”LiuisamongtheincreasingnumberofChinesepeoplewhoenjoypurchasingnear-expiredfoodatmuchcheaperprices.AccordingtothelatestreportbyiiMediaResearch,thenear-expiredfoodindustryhadamarketsizeofover30billionyuanin2020.Youngconsumersagedbetween26and35accountedfor47.8percent.Unlikethetraditionalthinkingthatbuyingsuchgoodsisembarrassing,moreandmoreyoungpeopleregarditasakindofsustainableconsumptionthatcanhelpreducefoodwaste.“Idon’tcaremuchaboutthedateaslongasIcaneatitbeforeitsexpiry.Itmeetsmydemandwhilesavingresourcesandprotectingtheenvironment,whichisagoodthing,”WuLin,a19-year-oldcollegestudentandafanofnear-expiredfood,toldXinhua.Indeed,foodwasteisagreatchallengeforChinaandothercountries.Accordingtoa2020reportfromtheNationalPeople’sCongress,about18billionkilogramsoffoodiswastedeveryyearinChina’surbancateringindustry(餐饮业).“AsmoreChinesepeoplechoosetobuynear-expiredfood,thefoodwastewillbereduced,”saidLiu.AccordingtoCGTN,Chinahadthetraditionofsavingfoodoverthedecadesleadingtothe1990s.Aspeople’slivesimprovedgreatly,manybegantomakeorordermorefoodthancouldbeconsumed,CGTNreported.Butthetrendofbuyingnear-expiredfoodmaysuggestthattheChinesevirtueoffrugality(节约)isstagingacomeback.“I’vebeenveryfrugalallmylife.Livingthroughaseriousfamine(1959-61)(饥荒),I’musedtosavingeverygrainandeverypenny,”ZhangXin,aretiredwomanborninthe1950s,toldCGTN.“I’mhappytoseemoreyoungpeople,whousedtospendextravagantly(奢侈地),joiningourranks."24．WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingLiuFang’sstory?A．Toshowthecharacteristicsofnear-expiredfood.B．TointroducethetrendofbuyingfoodinSanlitun.C．Toexplainwherepeoplecanbuynear-expiredfood.D．Toshowtherecentgrowthinpopularityofbuyingnear-expiredfood.25．WhydoesWuLinlovetobuynear-expiredfood?A．Itisafashionablelifestyle. B．Itisasafershoppingchoice.C．Itisenvironmentallyfriendly. D．Itoffershernewshoppingexperiences.26．Whatmaytheriseinbuyingnear-expiredfoodinChinashowaccordingtoCGTN?A．People’sdesiretobuyless. B．China’seconomicprosperity.C．ThereturnoftheChinesevirtueoffrugality D．People’sreducedconcernaboutaproduct’squality.27．Whichonecanbethebesttitle?A．TheComebackofanOldLifestyle B．ANewFoodTrendamongYoungConsumersC．TheSuccessoftheNear-expiredFoodbusiness D．TheProsandConsofBuyingNear-expiredFood（2022·全国·高一课时练习）AsaninternationalfresherarrivinginDublinforthefirsttimelastautumn,IwascertainIhadmissedcrucialaspectsofDublin’ssocialandculturalsceneduetoCovid-19.Therefore,itcanbedifficulttogetarealsenseofDublin’sculture.Yet,onehasemergedfromthischaos:donuts.DonutshasbeentakingoverDublinsinceatleast2017.Sincethen,theobsession(痴迷)hasgrown.Thoughthelockdownhascertainlysetin,wecanstillrelyonmeetingupwithsomeonefromanotherhousehold,whichisasurewaytogetyourselfoutandgetasnackinatthesametime.Asmanyofusarefeelingisolatedandstressed,itcanbeagoodideatogetoutandtalktosomeonewhomightalsobestruggling.Plus,doesn’tanyexercisesoundmoreappealingwithbakedgoodsinvolved?ApersonalfavouriteofmineisOffbeatDonuts.Theyofferclassicdonutssuchasthoseofthejam-filled,orsprinkle-toppedvariety,andalsocaterto(迎合)moreadventuroustastes.OffbeatDonutscompeteswithTheRollingDonut,anolderbusinessoriginatedfromasmallbutpopularnewsstandonO’ConnellStreet.ItoffersasimilarexperiencetoOffbeatwithdonutsrelatedinflavour.Forthevegandoughnutlovers,however,TheRollingDonutisanobviouswinner.Itoffersabroadselectionofninedifferentvegan(素食主义者)donutsincomparisontoOffbeat’srangeofthree.However,bothhavetheiradvantages,asOffbeatislocatedjustafiveminutewalkfromcollegeandoffersa10%studentdiscount.TheRollingDonut,ontheotherhand,isnotonlyonO’ConnellStreet,butthereisalsoanothernexttoSt.Stephen’sGreen,aperfectspotforwalkingaroundwhilesinkingintothetreat.

Whilethedonutshopsreallygiveyoutheproperexperience,therearemanyotherdonutoptions.Whetheryou’rehuntingforarecreationaldonutoranemergencyone,Dubliniscertainlytheplacetobe.Regardlessofyourpreference,thiscityhaswhatittakes.Andwhoknows?Withthecitylikelytobereopenedinthecomingmonths,Dublin’sdonutshopswon’tbetheonlyplacepackedwithcustomers.28．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．DonutsfirstappearedinDublin5yearsago.B．OffbeatDonutsfavoursthenoveltyseeker.C．Oneoftheauthor’sfavouritedonutshopsisnexttoaperfectspot.D．ThemostpeoplecanbefoundinDublin’sdonutshops.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“isolated”meaninparagraph2?A．panic B．frightened C．lonely D．disappointed30．Howismainlyparagraph3developed?A．Bygivingaccountsoffacts.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Bylistingexamples.D．Byprovidingstatistics.31．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．WhydoIlovedonuts?B．ExploreDublin’sbestfood.C．WhatIseeindonutsinDublin.D．AnintroductionofDublin’sdonutsshops.参考答案：1．C

2．A

3．C

4．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。最新的研究结果发现，日常饮食中常吃坚果的人可以减少患心脏病及癌症的几率。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thefindings,publishedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,suggestedthegreatestbenefitwasinthoseeatingthemontheirdailydiet.(这项发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的研究结果表明，每天吃坚果的人受益最大)”可知，在日常饮食中吃坚果的人最受益。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Themostobviousbenefitwasadecreaseof29%indeathsfromheartdisease(最明显的好处是死于心脏病的人数减少了29%)”可知，对于经常吃坚果的人来说，心脏病的发病率下降得最多。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Peopleeatingnutsonceaweekwere11%lesslikelytohavediedduringthestudythanthosewhoneveratenuts.(在研究中，每周吃一次坚果的人比从不吃坚果的人死亡的可能性低11%)”以及“Themostobviousbenefitwasadecreaseof29%indeathsfromheartdisease,butwealsosawasignificantreduction—11%—inthedangerofdyingfrowncancer.(最明显的好处是死于心脏病的人数减少了29%，但我们也看到死于眉头癌的危险显著减少了11%)”可知，文章用了大量的数据说明了经常吃坚果的好处。故选C。4．推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合文章首句“Peoplewhoofteneatnutsappeartolivelonger,accordingtothelateststudyofitskind.(根据最新的同类研究，经常吃坚果的人似乎更长寿)”可知，文章主要讲述经常吃坚果与健康的关系，故可以推断出本文应是出自报纸的健康部分。故选B。5．C

6．B

7．D【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种咖啡的情况。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“OnegoodwaytohavecoffeeinRomeiswithasliceoflemon.(在罗马喝咖啡的一种好方法是配一片柠檬)”可知，罗马浓咖啡的特别之处是里面有一片柠檬片。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Flatwhiteispreparedwithmoreespressofollowedbylessmilkthanlatte.(与拿铁相比，馥芮白的浓缩咖啡更多，牛奶更少)”可知，馥芮白和拿铁咖啡的区别是拿铁比馥芮白含有更多的牛奶。故选B。7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“AlsonamedKopiChaminMalaysia,thistypeofdrinkisamixtureofcoffeeandtraditionalmilktea,whichcanbeservedeitherhotorcold.(这种饮品在马来西亚也被称为KopiCham，是咖啡和传统奶茶的混合物，可以热也可以冷)”以及最后一段中“Malaysiaisoneofthemanycountriesthatlikecoffeetobesweetandmilky.(马来西亚是众多喜欢甜味和奶味咖啡的国家之一)”可知，Yuenyeung和KopiSusuPanas更受马来西亚人欢迎。故选D。8．A

9．D

10．D

11．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究首次表明，不健康的饮食危害孩子的心理健康。8．细节理解题。根据第五段“Regardless(不管)ofsize,thebadeffectsofinflammatorydietshighinprocessedfoodsaffectedchildrenacrosstheboard.(无论大小，高加工食品的炎症性饮食对儿童的不良影响是全面的。)”可知，孩子应该避免加工食品含量高的食物。故选A。9．细节理解题。根据第六段“LeadresearcherattheMCRI,DrKateLycettsaidwhileresearchhadshownthatspecificanti-inflammatorydietscouldreducedepressionsymptoms(症状)inadults,peopleknewlittleabouttheeffectonchildrenandhowatypicalfamilydiet—amixofbothinflammatoryandanti-inflammatoryfoods—affectedmentalhealth.(MCRI的首席研究员KateLycett博士说，虽然研究表明特定的抗炎饮食可以减轻成人的抑郁症状，但人们对其对儿童的影响以及典型的家庭饮食——炎症和抗炎食物的混合——如何影响心理健康知之甚少。)”可知，消炎饮食可以减轻抑郁症状。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“DrLycettsaid.“That’sreallyimportant,becauseasadultswetrytocontrolwhatweeat.Weknowwhenweeatapacketofchipswefeelsad,butweoftendon’tthinkaboutthatwhenwegiveourkidsthosechips.”(“让我惊讶的是，我们在儿童和父母的风险方面看到了相同的结果，”Lycett博士说。“这真的很重要，因为作为成年人，我们试图控制自己的饮食。我们知道，当我们吃了一包薯片时，我们会感到悲伤，但当我们给孩子吃薯片时，我们通常不会想到这一点。”)”可推断，Lycett博士在最后一段真正想表达的是父母控制孩子饮食的重要性。故选D。11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Anewstudyisthefirsttoshowthatchildren’smentalhealthisnotimmunetowhattheyeat,especiallyinflammatory(引起炎症的)diets.(一项新的研究首次表明，儿童的心理健康与他们所吃的食物，尤其与引起炎症的饮食有关。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究首次表明，不健康的饮食危害孩子的心理健康。所以“Unhealthydietsareharmingkids’mentalhealth(不健康的饮食正在损害孩子的心理健康)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。12．C

13．D

14．B

15．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。通过生动的阐述与举例，向我们分析了食物的色彩对人们进食时的食欲与胃口有着怎样的影响，以及不同色彩间的差异。最后，作者向读者提出了一定的科学建议。12．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Unlesswearemedicallyrestrictedorstrictlydieting,wearenotlikelytoresistinvitingfaresimplybecausewerecognizethelackofnutritionalvalue.(除非我们受到医学限制或严格节食，否则我们不太可能仅仅因为认识到食物缺乏营养价值而拒绝品尝食物)”并结合选项推知，医生的指导是影响我们是否摄入这些色彩艳丽食物的主要原因。故选C。13．细节理解题。根据第二段的“DevinaWadheraandElizabethD.Capaldi-PhillipsinAReviewofVisualCuesAssociatedwithFoodrecognizetheimpactofsensorycues(信号)onfoodconsumptionandenjoyment,andthepotentialtheyhavetopromotehealthyeatingbehavior.Theycitepreviousresearchinprovidingsomeinterestingexamplesofthevisualimpactofdifferentcolorschemes(方案)ontasteandfoodenjoyment.(Devinawadandra和ElizabethD.Capaldi-Phillips在《与食物相关的视觉线索综述》中认识到感官线索对食物消费和享受的影响，以及它们促进健康饮食行为的潜力。他们引用了以前的研究，提供了一些有趣的例子，说明不同配色方案对味觉和食物享受的视觉影响)”可知，AReviewofVisualCuesAssociatedwithFood探讨了感官信号会对人们的进食行为产生怎样的影响。故选D。14．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Butwhenitcomestohealthyeating,insteadofputtingonapairofsunglassestoblocktheinvitinghuesoffoodcues,considerthevalueofdiscipline.Healthyeatinginvolvesintentionalchoices,notmindlessresponsestosensorycues.(但说到健康饮食，与其戴上一副太阳镜来阻挡诱人的食物颜色，不如考虑一下自律的价值。健康饮食包括有意的选择，而不是对感官线索的盲目反应)”可知，在选择健康的饮食上个人自主能动性是很重要的，要做出有意义的选择。故选B。15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要分析食物的色彩对于人们进食食欲的影响。通过科学实验与理论完成分析与阐释。故C项“颜色如何影响食物的吸引力和食欲”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。16．A

17．C

18．B

19．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的补品是为了增进健康或避免疾病而吃的食物，并列举了有关补品的几个例子来说明补品对身体的好处。16．细节理解题。由第一段中的“ButthereisoneinterestingconceptconcerningChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardintheWest,andwhichisbecomingincreasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast—theancientcustomoftonicfood.(但是，有一个关于中国食物的有趣概念，在西方几乎闻所未闻，而东方的年轻人越来越忽视了这个概念——古代的补品习俗)”可知，补品正越来越被东方年轻人所忽视，即补品的现状是越来越不被注意，故选A项。17．细节理解题。由第二段中的“Forinstance,itwasoncethecustomfornewmotherstoeatasesameoilhotpoteverydayforthefirstmonthaftergivingbirth.(例如，过去，新妈妈们在产后第一个月每天吃麻油火锅是一种习俗)”可知，麻油火锅对于新妈妈有好处，故选C项。18．词句猜测题。由第三段中的“Thecustomofemployingtonicfoodforahealthierlifealsoinfluencesthecateringindustry.Chineseherbalmedicines,suchasthewolfberry(枸杞子),canbefoundonmanyarestaurantmenu,eitheraddedtofruitteaorasabeneficialadditiontoadish.(为了更健康的生活而使用补品的习俗也影响了catering业。中草药，如枸杞，可以在许多餐厅的菜单上找到，或者添加到水果茶中，或者作为一道菜的有益补充)”可知，许多餐馆的菜单上都有枸杞等中草药，说明为了健康的饮食，补品也在影响着餐饮行业。catering意为“餐馆（Restaurant）”，cateringindustry为餐饮业，故选B项。19．推理判断题。由第一段中的“ButthereisoneinterestingconceptconcerningChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardintheWest,andwhichisbecomingincreasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast—theancientcustomoftonicfood.(但是，有一个关于中国食物的有趣概念，在西方几乎闻所未闻，而东方的年轻人越来越忽视了这个概念——古代的补品习俗)”和第二段中的“Tonicfoodisfoodwhichisconsumedtoimproveone’swell-beingoravoidsickness.(补品是为了增进健康或避免疾病而食用的食品)”及其他内容可知，文章的目的是介绍正日益被东方年轻人所忽视的中国补品，故选C项。20．A

21．D

22．C

23．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。据《经济日报》报道，低热量、低脂和高纤维的膳食在中国的餐馆和在线外卖平台上很受欢迎。文章介绍了这种“轻食”的典型特征以及受欢迎的原因。20．推理判断题。根据第三段“Thecountrysawarapidincreaseofrestaurantsconcentrat