高考英语一轮复习课时作业三十七选修8Unit2Cloning课件新人教版

三十七选修8

Unit2

Cloning(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A

Twelve-year-oldNishiUggalle,thenewchampionofChannel4’sChild

GeniusshowissaidtohaveanIQ“higherthanEinstein’s”.Itsoundsimpressive,butdoesthatcomparisonactuallymeananythingandhowseriouslyshouldwetakeIQasameasurementofintellectualcapacity?TheimmediateproblemisthatnooneknowswhatEinstein’sIQwas,evenincludinghimself.ItisassumedhewouldhaveanIQscoreof160+.WhenNishiwastestedalmostthreeyearsagobyMensa,amembershiporganizationforpeoplewithveryhighIQs,shescored162—thehighestpossiblescoreinthetestshewastaking.

Thenumbersarepurelynormative(标准的):thetest-taker’sperformanceisscoredagainsttheaverageforthesameagegroup,basedonaseriesofteststhatusuallyconcentrateonpatternrecognition,logicandproblem-solvingability.Thestandardforthewholegroupis100,andmostpeoplefallintoarangebetween70and130.Only2.5%consideredtohaveanIQabove130.Mensaonlyacceptsmemberswhoareinthetop2%ofthosetested.

TheaimofanIQtestisnottomeasureknowledge,buttheindividual’sabilitytolearnandtheirspeedinabsorbinginformation.Havingzerospatial(空间的)awareness,Ilookdownonthem,sincetheyexposemeasstupid—IoncecamebottominanarmyintelligencetesttodeterminewhetherIwaspotentialofficermaterial.ExpertsdifferwildlyonwhetherIQtestsarereliable.Somehavefullfaithinthem.Allwecansaywithcertaintyisthattheytestaparticular,narrowdefinitionofintelligence—theabilitytoproblem-solveunderpressure.

TheMensaspokeswomanclaimsthereisastrongconnectionbetweenhighIQandgoodhealth,longevity(长寿)andcareersuccess,butshealsoacceptsahighIQcanproducesocialloneliness.OneofMensa’saimsistobringtogether“gifted”childrenbecausetheirgeneralcohort(同龄人)mayfindthemalittleodd.Iknowmanychessplayerswhoarebrilliantproblem-solversbutcanbarelydealwith“real”life.Whatisintelligence?Thatremainsthekey,unansweredquestion.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过一个据说比爱因斯坦智商还高的12岁小女孩为开头,引出智商测试法,阐述了智商测试并不涵盖智力的所有方面,表达了自己对智商测试不赞成的态度。1.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A.Einstein’sIQwasnottested.B.NishiissmarterthanEinstein.C.Mensaisnon-profitorganization.D.TheaverageIQofaMensamemberis160.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段的“TheimmediateproblemisthatnooneknowswhatEinstein’sIQwas,evenincludinghimself.ItisassumedhewouldhaveanIQscoreof160+.”可知,没人知道爱因斯坦的智商究竟是多少,包括他自己,人们只是推测他的智商有160多,因此可推断没测试过他的智商。2.WhatdoweknowaboutIQtests?A.Expertsagreethattheyarereliable.B.ThenumbersofIQtestsarenotstandardized.C.Theydonotincludeeveryaspectofintelligence.D.Theyaredesignedtotesttheindividual’sknowledge.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的“Allwecansaywithcertaintyisthattheytestaparticular,narrowdefinitionofintelligence—theabilitytoproblem-solveunderpressure.”可知,智商测试不涵盖智力的所有方面。3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardIQtests?A.Unfavorable.

B.Approving.C.Uncaring. D.Positive.【解析】选A。观点态度题。根据第三段的“Ilookdownonthem,sincetheyexposemeasstupid”可知,作者对智商测试是不赞成的。4.Accordingtothetext,apersonwithahighIQmay_________.

A.belesshealthyB.haveapoorsociallifeC.findithardtosucceedD.dieatanearlyage【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“...butshealsoacceptsahighIQcanproducesocialloneliness.OneofMensa’saimsistobringtogether’gifted’childrenbecausetheirgeneralcohortmayfindthemalittleodd.”可知,高智商的人可能不合群,社交能力差。B

Agroupofuniversityprofessorsrecentlycreatedascannertheybelievecanpredicttheperfectjobforanyone—simplybylookingattheirfingerprints.Thegroupsaysthatinthefuture,fingerprintscouldhelptellaperson’skeypersonalities.Tousethescanner,peopleplacetheirfingersuponthefingerprintreaderandcomputertechnologyconnecteduptosensors(传感器)readsbackwhatsortofworkwouldsuittheindividual.

Themachinebasesitsresultsonacollectionofalargeamountofinformationinthecomputerabouthowfingerprintshapesconnecttojobselection.

Localcompanieshelpresearchersfromthecity’sKubanUniversityofPhysicalEducationandSporttotestthetechnology.Twenty-one-year-oldOscarGalkin,amathematicsgraduate,said,“IgottheresultfromthescannerthatIwouldbesuitedtoajobinIT,whichisexactlywhatIwanttodo.Idon’tknowifitisluckorifitcanreallyreadaperson’stalents,butitworkedforme.”

AndZara

Tokareva,aged20,whofeelsuncomfortableatthesightofblood,said,“IwanttobeahousedesignerbutthemachinesaidIshouldbeanurse.So,no,Idon’tthinkitisascleverasitisbeingmadeout.”

Thoughfingerprintidentificationhasbeenwidelyusedincrimediscovering,itisstillasciencethathasalotofpossibilityofbeingused,sayexperts,fromdiscoveringdrugmisusetopersonalityanalysis—exactlyashandreadershavebeensayingtodoforcenturies.“Thebasicideaisthatalthougheverybody’sfingerprintsarecompletelydifferent,thereareobviousfeaturesthatarecommononthefingersofcertainprofessionalsworkingincertainjobs,”saidresearcherRavil

Yudin.“It’snotreallyanewideabecausehandreadershavebeensayingforhundredsofyearsthatyoucantellaperson’sfuturebyreadingtheirhands.Wewanttomatchthatbylookingatfingerprintsandtryingtotellwhatcareerpathpeoplewouldchoose.”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们称他们研制出了可以根据指纹预测未来职业的指纹扫描仪,本文介绍了这种扫描仪的工作原理及测试情况。5.Fromthetextweknowthatthefingerprintscanner_________.

A.matchesfingerprintstojobsB.tellspeople’scharactersC.helpscollectjobinformationD.readsindividuals’mind【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一、二段的介绍可知,指纹扫描仪是根据指纹预测职业。6.Whatcanweinferfromthe5thand6thparagraphs?A.Thefingerprintscannerhasbeenusedinjobhunting.B.Thefingerprintscannerispopularwithyoungmen.C.Thefingerprintscannerhelpscompaniesalot.D.Thefingerprintscannerneedstobeimproved.【解析】选D。推理判断题。第六段提到,参与测试的这个人认为指纹扫描仪预测的职业跟她的实际情况不符,据此推知,指纹扫描仪还有待改进。7.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatRavil

Yudinsaid?A.Thefingerprintscannerisbasedonanewidea.B.Certainpeople’sfingersactuallyhavesomethingincommon.C.Tellingone’sfuturebyreadinghishandsstartedafewyearsago.D.Thetechnologyoffingerprintidentificationcanbeusedinmanyfields.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“...thereareobviousfeaturesthatarecommononthefingersofcertainprofessionalsworkingincertainjobs”可知答案。8.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Totellthefutureofhandreaders.B.Toshowthefeaturesoffingerprints.C.Tointroduceatechnicalproduct.D.Tohelpjobhunters.【解析】选C。推理判断题。本文主要介绍了科学家们研制出的据说能预测职业的指纹扫描仪。指纹扫描仪属于科技产品,故C项为最佳答案。Ⅱ.完形填空

Oneautumnmorning,Ispottedapairofwildgeeseonourpond.Thebeautifulsightcaughtmeby

1

becauseI’dneverseengeesetherebefore.Thinkingtheywouldsoonleave,I

2

thechancetogetclosetothem.Iwonderedwheretheycamefromandwhytheyhadchosenourpond.

Thenextmorning,thegeesewerestillmy

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.Iwalkedroundtothemailbox,showingthemImeantnoharm.

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,Icouldn’tresistgettinga

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look.Ihidbehindsometressand

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thehandsomepairquietlythroughthebranches.Iwassurprisedtoseetheywerestaringatme,too!

Asdayspassed,Istarted

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tothemonmytripstothemailbox.Theycraned(伸长)theirnecksandraisedtheirheads

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,butseemedtorealizeIwastheirfriend.Bythen,mycuriosityabout

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theywerestayingsolongatthepondchangedto

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.Astheywerefeedinginthegrasstheotherday,Idiscoveredthereasonfortheir

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:themalehadabrokenleftwing.Hecouldn’t

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,andhisfaithfulmatewouldn’tleavehimbehind.

Iaskedabiologistwhattodo.Heexplainedthatsometimesa

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wingwillhealbyitselfandsuggestedlettingnaturetakeitscourse.

OnthefirstdayofNovember,Iwasworkingintheneighborhoodofthegeesewithmytractor.AsIbenttofastenachainfromthetractor,I

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somemovementfromthecornerofmyeye.Bothgeesewererunningtowardsthepond.Theirwingswere

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likecrazy,strugglingfortake-off.Gradually,theyflewoverthepond.They

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enoughaltitudetoflypastaneighbor’shouse,andthencircledbacktowardsme,flyingnomorethan50feetovermyheadasiftosaygoodbye.Thentheywereoutofmy

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.

Theseason’sfirstsnowflakesfelltheverynextday.Thebirdsmusthave

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thatwinterwascoming,anditwastimetogo.Ibecamefondofthemduringtheir

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visittoourpond,andnowImissthem.I’llneverforgettheir

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toeachother.

【文章大意】本文是自然与动物类记叙文。作者在自家的池塘里发现了两只雁,它们在这里待了很久,作者偶然发现,雄雁的翅膀受伤了,雌雁一直不离不弃。最后,雄雁的翅膀痊愈后,它们一起飞走了。作者感觉临走之前它们还跟自己道别,之后作者很想念它们。1.A.accident

B.surpriseC.nature D.fortune【解析】选B。根据空后的“becauseI’dneverseengeesetherebefore”可知,作者之前从来没在自家的池塘发现过雁,所以他很吃惊(surprise)。accident“事故”;nature“本质,大自然”;fortune“运气,好运”。2.A.increased B.createdC.deserved D.valued【解析】选D。根据上文中的“Thinkingtheywouldsoonleave”可知,作者认为它们不久就会离开,所以非常珍视(valued)接近它们的机会。increase“增加”;create“创造”;deserve“值得”。3.A.guests B.puzzlesC.fellows D.friends【解析】选A。第二天早上,这两只雁仍然在作者家的池塘里,没有离开。根据下文作者对这对雁的行为可推知,作者把它们当作自己的“客人(guests)”,且最后一段中的visit也是提示。puzzle“谜,难题”;fellow“家伙”。4.A.Instead B.ThereforeC.Still D.Anyhow【解析】选C。上文说作者走到邮箱那里,向雁证明他无意伤害它们,接下来,作者仍然(Still)抵挡不住走近看它们(的想法)。instead“代替……,而不是……”;therefore“因此”;anyhow“无论如何,不管怎样”。5.A.closer B.quickerC.quieter D.broader【解析】选A。参见上题解析。closer“更近的”符合语境。6.A.approached B.calmedC.observed D.protected【解析】选C。作者藏在几棵树的后面,透过树枝静静地观察(observed)这对漂亮的雁。approach“接近”;calm“使镇定,使平静”;protect“保护”。7.A.turning B.attendingC.driving D.talking【解析】选D。随着时间的流逝,作者开始在去邮箱的途中跟它们说话(talking)。turn“转”;attend“接待”;drive“驾驶”。8.A.firmly B.cautiouslyC.warmly D.proudly【解析】选B。它们伸长脖子,谨慎地(cautiously)抬起头来。firmly“坚定地,牢固地”;warmly“温暖地”;proudly“自豪地”。9.A.why B.whenC.how D.whether【解析】选A。那时候,作者对于它们为什么(why)在池塘里待这么久由好奇变成了担心。10.A.sympathy B.rescueC.pleasure D.concern【解析】选D。参见上题解析。concern“担心”符合语境。sympathy“同情”;rescue“营救”;pleasure“愉快”。11.A.companion B.visitC.settlement D.care【解析】选B。作者发现了它们拜访(visit)这里的原因:雄雁的左翅膀受伤了。visit“参观,拜访”符合语境。companion“同伴,旅伴”;settlement“定居,解决”;care“关心,照顾”。12.A.recover B.surviveC.fly D.return【解析】选C。雄雁不会飞(fly)了,它忠实的配偶不愿意抛弃它。recover“恢复”;survive“幸存”;return“返回”。13.A.weak B.foldedC.broken D.flightless【解析】选C。生物学家解释说,有时候折断的翅膀会自愈。broken“折断的”符合语境。14.A.held B.caughtC.directed D.made【解析】选B。当作者弯腰去系拖拉机上的一根链子的时候,作者从眼角的余光里瞥见(caught)了一些变化。15.A.spreading B.sweepingC.trembling D.beating【解析】选D。(这两只雁)拼命地拍打(beating)着翅膀,挣扎着要飞起来。spread“传播”;sweep“扫过,冲过”;tremble“颤抖”。16.A.gained B.setC.discovered D.lost【解析】选A。它们到达(gained)了足够的高度,飞过了一个邻居的房子。set“放置”;discover“发现”;lose“丢失”。17.A.reach B.sightC.control D.help【解析】选B。然后,它们离开了作者的视线。outofsight“看不见,在视野之外”,为固定用法。18.A.concluded B.indicatedC.sensed D.confirmed【解析】选C。就在第二天,下了第一场雪。这两雁肯定是意识到(sensed)冬天就要来了,它们该离开了。conclude“推断,决定”;indicate“指示,表明”;confirm“确认,证实”。19.A.unexpected B.casualC.regular D.short【解析】选A。它们意外拜访作者家的池塘期间,作者就喜欢上了它们,它们飞走之后,现在作者想念它们。unexpected“意外的,想不到的”符合语境。20.A.contribution B.promiseC.treat D.devotion【解析】选D。作者永远不会忘记它们对彼此的深爱。devotion“深爱,忠心”符合语境。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Morethan700yearsago,a17-year-oldItalianyouthfollowedhisfatheranduncleonajourneytotheEast,dreamingaboutthemysteriesofChina.Thethreeset1._________onapaththatmighthavefrightenedeventhemostambitioustravellers.TheyoungadventurerwasMarcoPolo.

Havingatalentforlanguages,MarcoPololearnedtospeakMongolianlanguageandChinese.LaterundertheordersofKublaiKhan,he2._________(travel)farandwideacrossChina.Alongtheway,hestopped3._________(record)detailednotesaboutthelocalcustoms,geographyandvaluesofthepeople,soastoreportbacktotheKhan.

MarcoPoloreturnedtoVenice24yearslater.With4._________(count)treasuresbroughtbackfromtheEast,hebecame5._________wealthymanovernight.6._________hewitnessedinChinaarousedmuchinterestamonghiscountrymen.MarcoPolo’sjourneytoChinaandthecontentsofthe7._________(vivid)writtenbook,The

Travels

of

Marco

Polo,which8._________(think)tobeafairytaleinEuropeatthetime,triggeredawaveofEuropeanin