Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringUsefulStructures课件-高中英语人教版2

定语从句总复习Unit1CulturalHeritage第章1定语从句的定义第章2关系代词和关系副词的用法第章3介词+关系代词的用法第章4非限制性定语从句ContentsAfterlisteningtothescientists①whohadstudiedtheproblemandcitizens②wholivednearthedam,thegovernmentturenedtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.①研究了这个问题的科学家②住在大坝附近的民众关系代词引导的定语从句scientistscitizensObserveandanalyzeTemplesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputtogetheragaininaplacewheretheyweresafefromthewater.

一个免被水淹的地方关系副词引导的定语从句ThetemplesTheNileObserveandanalyzeWaterfromthedamwouldlikelydamageanumberoftemplesanddestroyculturalrelicsthatwereanimportantpartofEgypt'sculturalheritage.大坝流出的水可能会损坏一些寺庙，并摧毁很多作为埃及文化遗产重要组成部分的文物。关系代词引导的定语从句ThespititoftheAswanDamisstillalivetoday.PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbytheUNESCO,whichrunsaprogrammethatpreventsworldculturalheritagesitesaroundtheworldfromdisappearing.联合国教科文组织，该组织实施了一项计划非限定性定语从句PartI：Definition定语从句在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词；被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词；定语从句由关系词引导，分为关系代词或关系副词引导，并在定语从句中担任成分。

先行词在从句中所作成分关系代词人主宾定物主宾定who/thatwho/whom/that/省略whose(=ofwhom)that/whichthat/which/省略whose(=ofwhich)PartII：关系词先行词在从句中所作成分关系副词whenreasonwherewhy地点名词时间名词时间状语原因状语地点状语Ps:关系词在从句中做状语时,连接词有时可以用介词+which/whom来替换关系副词判断句子是否为定语从句（如果是，则找出先行词）将先行词代入从句，看它在从句中所担任的成分根据先行词在从句中所作成分，得出关系词关系词的确定1.Thatistheboy______motherisafamousmusician.3.Thehouse__________theybuiltin1987wasdestroyedintheearthquake.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople________losttheirhomesinthe1906earthquake.that/who(which/that)whose4.I’llneverforgettheday_____(=___which)Iwasborn.5.Ivisitedthehouse_____(=__which)LuXunoncelived.6.Thereason_____(=___which)hegotworriedwasthis.when

onwhereinwhyfor用法区别1.

当先行词是all,(a)little,(a)few,much,something,anything，everything,nothing，some等不定代词或者被all,any,much,few,little,no等词修饰时。在下列情况下，关系词用that而不用which。2.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。3.当先行词被thevery/only/same/last修饰时：4.当先行词前有who,which等疑问代词时：5.当先行词既有人，又有物时：用法区别在下列情况下，关系代词只能用which不能用that。1.

介词前置时，关系代词只能用which2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时，只能用whichTheweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichmademehappy.

1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_______wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree______isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel______Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld______canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_______isreadingunderthetree?7.Hewroteabook,_______isonhowtolearnEnglishwell.8.Thisistheplacein________LuXunusedtolive.thatthatthatthatthatthatwhichwhich区分that和which当先行词为those，he，anybody，anyone等时，用who引导定语从句。Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.＝Thosewhodon’treachtheGreatWallarenottruemen.不到长城非好汉。Anybodywhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.任何违法的人都应该受到惩罚。用法区别关系代词whose的用法1)Achild________parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(孤儿)2)Theyliveinahouse,___________windowsfacesouth.

whose在从句中作定语,修饰人或物，意为“……的”，

whose+名词可换作

the+名词+ofwhom/whichwhosewhoseTheyliveinahouse,thewindows___________facesouth.Theyliveinahouse,___________thewindowsfacesouth.ofwhichofwhich

抽象地点名词+关系副词where先行词是case,area,stage,degree,point,situation,atmosphere,environment,condition等抽象地点名词1.I’vecometothepoint______Ican’tstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituation______awarwillbreakoutatanytime.国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。wherewhere(1)Werewelltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals?(2)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth__________givesofflightinthedark.whothat/whichPractice(3)Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose________aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife.

who/that(5)Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.(6)Theirchildisatthestage________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.

(7)Doyouknowtheman______spokeatthemeetingjustnow?(8)Thetrain____________hasjustleftisforShenzhen.whenwherewhowhich/that(4)Igrewupinasmallvillage________everybodyknewme.where(9)Ivisitedthevillage________manychildrencouldn’tgotoschoolbecauseofpoverty.我参观了因为贫困很多孩子不能上学的村庄。(10)Ivisitedthevillage_____________isfamousforitsbeautifulscenery.我参观了因美丽的景色而闻名的村庄。wherewhich/that(11)Oneafternoon________Iwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.(12)Thelittleproblems__________wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.

(13)Thereason______heresignedwasthathedidn’tgetonwellwiththeboss.whenthat/不填why与先行词的搭配来确定介词

Iwillneverforgettheday____whichIjoinedthearmy.2.与从句中谓语动词、形容词的搭配的固定搭配

Haveyoufoundthebook_____whichIpaid$29?3.根据句子的意思来确定

Air,_______whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.介词后关系代词的选择：指人用whom,指物用which

foronwithoutPartⅢ：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句用介词＋关系代词填空1.Whoistheperson_______

_______youjustshookhands?2.Chinaisapowerfulcountry,_______

_______weareproud.3.Thisisthetree_______

_______weusedtoplaygames.4.Thisismyglasses,_______

_______Ican’tseeclearly.5.Haveyoufoundthebook______________Ispent$29?withwhomwithoutwhichunderwhichofwhichonwhich代词/名词/数词/形容词最高级/介词短语+of+关系代词1.Theylivedinatallbuilding,infrontof

stoodabigtree.2.Therearemorethan50studentsinmyclass,26of

aregirls.3.Hisfamilymembersdon’tlikethesecond-handcar,thepriceof

isveryhigh.4.Itisreportedthattwoschools,bothof

arebeingbuilt,willopennextyear.5.WhenwesternpeopletalkaboutthecitiesofChina,thefirstof

comestotheirmindsisBeijing.whichwhomwhichwhichwhich定从和并列句是否有连词是区分关键。1、Iboughtadozenofeggs,sixof

broke.（√）2、Iboughtadozenofeggs,butsixof

broke.（√）whichthem注意：Iboughtadozenofeggs,sixof

broke.（×）them介词+whose+名词1.IwishtothankprofessorSmith,without

helpIwouldneverhavegotthischance.2.TheDragonTower,from

topvisitorscanenjoyagoodsightofHarbin,attractshundredsoftouristseveryday.whosewhose1.

限制性定语从句它是对先行词作修饰、限制,

从句与主句的关系十分密切,

如果去掉,

主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。2.

非限制性定语从句它是对先行词作附加补充说明,从句与主句的关系不是很密切,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。Hisdaughter,whoisinShenzhennow,iscominghomenextweek.People

whotakephysicalexerciseregularlylivelonger.PartⅣ：区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句231区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句:与主句之间无逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句:与主句之间有逗号隔开。限制性定语从句:可以修饰名词或代词；

非限制性定语从句:可以修饰名词或代词,也可以修饰整个句子,在限制性定从,关系代词作宾语时可以省略；在非限制性定从,所有关系词都不可省略。不可使用that，why(应使用forwhich）完成句子1)Theforeignguests,________(who/that)werescientists,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.2)Myfatherboughtmeseveralbooks,noneof________(which/that)Iliketoread.3)Isthereanyoneinyourclass________(which/whose)familyisinthecity?4)Football,________(which/that)isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.whowhichwhosewhich5)ThestudentswenttothehospitaltoseeMissZhang,________(that/whom)theyrespectgreatly.6)TheywenttotheRoyalTheatre,________(which/where)theysawthegreatshow.7)Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,________(which/that)mademehappy.8)Thereare50studentsinourclass,halfof________(whom

/who)aregirls.whomwherewhich

whomAseveryoneknows,Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.Sheisagreathero,as

isdescribedinthereport.Heinvitedmetodinner,whichmademeveryhappy.Thisnovel,which

Ihavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的位置不同:as引导的定语从句可置于___________________，而which引导的非限制性定语从句不可放在_______________________________。(2)as引导的定语从句有“______________的意思，而which指“_________”句首、句中句首，只能放在句中正如…….这…….as和

which引导非限制性定语从句的区别as和

which引导非限制性定语从句的区别aswhich指代引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句的某一名词或代词位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后可位于主句之中或之后，不能位于主句之前意义“正如，就像…”“这，那”功能起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等引导的从句，在意义上相当于一个并列句

as常见搭配asisknowntoall；

asyouknowasisexpectedasweexpectedashasbeenmentionedaboveasisreported/saidasafamoussayinggoesasispointedoutasyoucansee=ascanbeseenasisoftenthecase众所周知正如你所知道的那样正如所预料的那样正如我们所期待的正如上面所提到的正如报道/所说的那样正如一句谚语所说正如指出的正如你所看见的

情况通常如此①正如大家所看到的那样，她工作一直很努力。Sheisalwaysworkinghard，____everyonecansee.②这本书很有教育意义，是我昨天买的。Thebook，______Iboughtyesterday,isveryinstructive.③她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。______everyonecansee,sheishonest.=Sheishonest，_______everyonecansee.④众所周知，吸烟有害健康。______weallknow，smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.⑤汤姆突然病倒了，这让我们很伤心。Tomsuddenlyfellill，_______madeusverysad.aswhichAsasAswhichas引导限制性定语从句as引导的限制性定语从句常和thesame，such等连用，构成固定用法：thesame...as...，such...as...，as...as...等。as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。EveninmydreamsIcouldn’timaginesuchabeautifulplaceasyouhaveofferedus.你提供给我们的地方如此美丽，即使在梦里我也想象不到。Activity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.P6EXAMPLEIhavedownloadedthatfreeapp,butitdoesn’tworkwell.→Thefreeapp(which/that)Ihavedownloadeddoesn’tworkwell.Step1Ihavedownloadedthatfreeapp,butitdoesn’tworkwell.找共同thatfreeappitStep2Ihavedownloadedthatfreeapp,butitdoesn’tworkwell.判主从主从句规则主句：整句话的核心含义；从句：起修饰共同名词作用。主句：Thefreeappdoesn’tworkwell.从句：Ihavedownloadedthatfreeapp.Step3Ihavedownloadedthatfreeapp,butitdoesn’tworkwell.主照抄从省同ThefreeappwhichIhavedownloadeddoesn’tworkwell.口诀找相同判主从主照抄，从省同Practice1Heshowedmeaphotoinhisroom.ItwasaphotoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.找相同：aphoto

=

it判主从：主：Itwasaphoto

...

从：Heshowedme

...主照抄，从省同Thephoto(which/

that)heshowedmeinhisroomwasofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.1.He

showed

me

a

photo

in

his

room.

It

was

a

photoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.→Thephoto________________________________________________________________________.

(which/that)heshowedmeinhisroomwasofafamousculturalrelicinEgyptPractice2TheprojectteamhelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.Itwasformedbymembersfromfifteencountries.找相同：theprojectteam

=

it判主从：主：Theprojectteamhelped...从：Itwasformedby...主照抄，从省同TheprojectteamwhosememberswerefromfifteencountrieshelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.Activity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclause2.

TheprojectteamhelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.Itwasformedbymembersfromfifteencountries.→Theprojectteam_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(which/that)wasformedbymembersfromintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.fifteencountrieshelpedprotectthenationalparksPractice3ThistemplewasfirstbuiltduringtheQinDynasty.(Thetime…)找相同：thetime

=

QinDynasty判主从：主：ThetimewasduringtheQinDynasty.从：Thistemplewasfirstbuilt.主照抄，从省同ThetimewhenthistemplewasfirstbuiltwasduringtheQinDynasty.Activity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclause3.ThistemplewasfirstbuiltduringtheQinDynasty.→Thetime_______________________________________________________________.whenthistemplewasfirstbuiltwasduringtheQinDynastyPractice4WemetaprofessionalarchaeologistattheentrancetotheGreatPyramid.Heexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.找相同：theprofessionalarchaeologist

=

he判主从：主：Heexplainedtoustheprocess...从：Wemetaprofessional...主照抄，从省同Theprofessionalarchaeologist(who/whom)wemetattheentrancetotheGreatPyramidexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.Activity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.4.WemetaprofessionalarchaeologistattheentrancetotheGreatPyramid.Heexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuch

adifficultstructure.→

Theprofessionalarchaeologist_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

(who/whom)wemetattheentrancetotheGreatPyramidexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructurePractice5Thedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasareunderthedesk.Ifoundthemyesterday.(Theplace…)找相同：Thedocuments

=

them判主从：主：Ifoundthemyesterday.从：Thedocumentsaboutthecultural...主照抄，从省同Ifoundthedocumentsyesterdaywhichabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasareunderthedesk.Activity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.5.Thedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasareunderthedesk.Ifoundthemyesterday.→Theplace__________________________________________________________________________________.whereIfoundthedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasyesterdayisunderthedeskPractice6Scientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetemplebecausetheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.(Thereason…)找相同：thereason

=

because判主从：主：becausetheywantedtopreserve...从：Scientistsworkedtogetherdayandnight...主照抄，从省同Thereasonwhyscientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetempleisthattheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.Activity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.6.Scientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetemplebecausetheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.→Thereason___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

whyscientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetempleisthattheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.1.He

showed

me

a

photo

in

his

room.

It

was

a

photoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.→Thephoto________________________________________________________________________.

(which/that)heshowedmeinhisroomwasofafamousculturalrelicinEgyptActivity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclause2.

TheprojectteamhelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.Itwasformedbymembersfromfifteencountries.→Theprojectteam_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.ThistemplewasfirstbuiltduringtheQinDynasty.→Thetime_______________________________________________________________.whenthistemplewasfirstbuiltwasduringtheQinDynasty(which/that)wasformedbymembersfromintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.fifteencountrieshelpedprotectthenationalparksActivity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.4.WemetaprofessionalarchaeologistattheentrancetotheGreatPyramid.Heexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuch

adifficultstructure.→

Theprofessionalarchaeologist_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

(who/whom)wemetattheentrancetotheGreatPyramidexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructureActivity2Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.5.Thedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasareunderthedesk.Ifoundthemyesterday.→Theplace__________________________________________________