一轮复习微专题 考向19 非谓语动词（原卷版）

PAGEPAGE1考向19非谓语动词Weneverdoubt________thismuseumisworth________.A．whether;visiting B．that;visiting C．whether;tovisit D．that;tovisit命题趋势：非谓语动词是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。中考考查重点：1.动词不定式；2.动名词；3.分词（现在分词和过去分词）。非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。构成：to+动词原形动词不定式作用：作除谓语外的任何成分构成：v-.ing/v.-ed(规则动词)动词的非谓语形式分词作用：表、定、状、补构成：v.-ing动名词作用：主、宾、表、定考向一：不定式1.动词不定式的作用句子成分用法例句作主语谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。常用句型有：①Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.+(not)todosth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。②Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂Tomasteralanguageisnoteasy=Itisnoteasytomasteralanguage.学好一门语言是不容易的。作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：wouldlike,want,like,hope,wish,plan,decide,learn,agree,try,remember,forget,expect,refuse,afford,prefer,continue,promise,begin,start等think,find,believe等动词可用于＂动词+it+adj.+todosth.＂句型中。it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。Iwouldliketomakefriendswithyou.我想要和你交朋友。Ifinditdifficulttopassmymathexam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。作定语动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time,need,way,chance,opportunity,courage,reason,effort,determination,decision,ability,ambitionCanyougivemeapentowritewith?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？Doyouhavesomethingtosay?你有什么要说的吗？作状语不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。Todoagoodjob,wemusthavetherighttools.要干好活工具要对头。作表语放在系动词后作表语。Mydreamistobeanengineer.我想成为一名工程师。2.不定式的特殊用法①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear,listento)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。②动词不定式的否定形式是nottodo，其被动形式为tobedone。►Ourteacheraskedusnottoswimintheriveralone.我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。③常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach,show,tell,learn,findout,decide,know,forget等。►Mymothertaughtmehowtocookyesterday.昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。考向二：动名词（一）动名词的构成动名词是由＂动词+-ing＂构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。（二）动名词作用句子成分用法例句作主语单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，常用的句型结构有：Itisnouse（good）+v.ing.Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。Itisnousearguingagain.再去争吵也没有用。作表语放在系动词后面作表语Herjobislookingafterthechildren.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。作宾语用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语的词有：avoid,finish,consider,giveup,cannothelp,allow,imagine,include,keep,mind,practice,suggest，succeedin,beusedtodo,lookforwardto,enjoy,bebusyNomatterwhathappened,Iwon’tgiveupachievingmydream.不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。作定语用于名词前，起修饰说明作用Thereisaswimmingpoolinherhome.她家有个游泳池。（三）动名词的特殊用法即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有：love,like,hate,prefer,dislike,begin,start,continue,intend,attempt,can’tbear,propose,want,need,remember,forget,regret,neglect,try,deserve,can’tafford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但remember,regret,want,try等词后差别比较明显。考向三：分词（一）现在分词和过去分词的构成现在分词由v.+ing构成，过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。（二）分词的用法句子成分用法例句作定语现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含义，过去分词表示已经完成，有被动的含义。Thecryingboyannoyedusalot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。作表语放在系动词后作表语Thestoryisinteresting.Iaminterestedinit.这个故事很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。作宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态Hecouldhearhisheartbeatingfast.他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。作状语通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对主语的主要动作加以修饰。Igothome,feelingverytired.我疲惫地回到家里。非谓语动词解题七大原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式。原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing。原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式）。原则七：用于名词后作定语时：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用-ing，表示动作正在进行；用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。【巧学妙记】后跟todo作宾语的动词（词组）(1)想要，拒绝，忘记(want/wouldlike,refuse,forget)(2)需要，努力，学习(need,try,learn)(3)喜欢，同意，帮助(like,agree,help)(4)希望，决定，开始(hope/wish,decide,begin/start)【巧学妙记】巧记后跟动名词作宾语的动词喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)盼望(lookforwardto)习惯(beusedto)却完毕(finish)想要(feellike)花费(spend)去练习(practice)忍俊不禁(can’thelp)还介意(mind)1．Alotofthingsalways________him.Hehasnochoicebut________forhiswife’sadvice.A．worry;ask B．worryabout;toask C．worryabout;ask: D．worry,toask2．—________twice,thecatrefusedtomoveneartothetableunlessthedogwasaway.A．Beingbitten B．Bitten C．Havingbitten D．Tobebitten3．________greatfunIhad________tothespeechgivenbyfavoritestar!A．What;listening B．Whata;listening C．What;tolisten D．How;tolisten4．ThereweresomanyinterestingbooksinthebookshopthatIcouldn’tdecide________tobuy.A．which B．that C．how D．what5．YanchengMuseumisworth________.A．beingvisited B．tovisit C．tovisiting D．visiting6．Ifyouwanttogetgoodscoresonyourexams,youshouldavoid________carelessmistakes.A．make B．making C．tomake D．made7．Finallyheknewhisteachershadmoreexperienceindealingwiththoseproblems,soheregretted________tothem.A．listening B．tolisten C．talkingback D．totalkback8．—Howmuchdifficultydidyouhave________thisproblem?—________.It’squiteeasy.A．tosolve;Nothing B．tosolve;None C．solving;None D．solving;Nothing9．—ZhangDingyuhasdevotedhimselfto________morepatients.—Heismyhero.Hardto________heisalsoapatientwithASL(渐冻症).A．saving;imagine B．saving;decide C．save;wonder D．save;discover10．—HaveyouheardaboutZhangGuimei?—Ofcourse.Shehasdevotedherself________itpossibleformoregirlstudentsinthemountainvillages________furthereducation.tomake;toreceive B．tomake;toreceiving C．tomaking;receiving D．tomaking;toreceive11．—What’sthematter?—Iamhavingtrouble________whotookmybook.A．findout B．findingout C．lookfor D．lookingfor12．ZhangGuimei,thefamousheadmaster,hasdevotedallofhertime________thosegirlstudentsgetbettereducation.A．help B．helping C．tohelp D．tohelping13．—Idon’thaveafriendtopracticeEnglish________.—WhynotjoinanEnglishclubtopractice________English?A．/;speaking B．with;tospeak C．/;tospeak D．with;speaking14．Lifeislikeastory.________yourstorywonderful,you’dbetterimproveyourselfallthetime.A．Make B．Tomake C．Making D．Made15．Thereissomethingwrongwithmyfather’scomputer.Hewantstohavesomeone________itandhaveit________.A．check;repair B．check;repaired C．checked;repaired D．checked;repair16．Mozarthadanamazinggiftforartandhismusiciswellworth________.A．listening B．beinglistenedto C．beinglistened D．listeningto17．Mostpeopleinourcommunityprefer________awalkaftersupper________.A．totake;torelax B．totake;relaxingC．taking;torelaxing D．taking;torelax18．Mydadseldomhashishair________ina