Unit 2 Lets celebrate 期末语法复习讲解与练习

2/2Unit2Let’scelebrate—2023-2024学年高一英语外研版（2019）必修第二册期末复习敲重点学习目标整合知识目标能够掌握节日相关词汇和句式能力目标学生能够了解并掌握情态动词表示推测的基本用法情感目标了解圣诞节的魅力，学会和圣诞相关的话题词汇，理解文章内容，深入理解圣诞节的节日意义思维导图回顾知识重难知识易混易错一、情态动词的用法（一）will和would的用法will和would除了用作助动词构成将来时态外,还可用作情态动词,表示情态意义。1.表示意愿表示主语的意愿，如意志、愿望或决心等。wil1用于现在或将来,would用于过去。--Cansomeonehelpme?有人能帮我一下吗?--Iwill.我来帮你。Pleasecomeovertheweekendifyouwill.如果你愿意请来过周末。ItoldherthatIwouldgoalongwithher.我告诉她我愿意和她一起去。Shesaidshewouldtakecareofthechild.她说她愿意照顾那个孩子。友情提示：(1)will若表示将来,不可用在条件或时间状语从句中,但若will为情态动词表示意愿、请求、坚持等,则可以。If/WhenI'mfreethisafternoon,I'llgoshopping.今天下午要是有空，我就去买东西。If/WhenIwillbefreethisafternoon,I'llgoshopping.(误)Ifyouwillseeadoctor,I'llsendforDrWeir.如果你愿意看医生,我就派人去请韦尔医生。(2)为了区分will表示将来和意愿的差别，我们用willbedoing表示纯粹将来，因为willdo可能是将来，也可能是意愿。Iwillbediscussingtheproblemwiththem.(纯将来)Iwilldiscusstheproblemwiththem.(将来或意愿)2.表示请求will用在第二人称的疑问句中,表示婉转的请求或征求意见。这时will和would通用,而would比will更客气、委婉用won’tyou加强请求的语气。Willyoujoinusforadrink,Lance?兰斯,和我们一起喝一杯吧?Won'tyougohaveacoffeewithus?怎么不和我们一起去喝杯咖啡?Wouldyoutellmethewaytotheairport?你能告诉我去机场的路吗?3.表示习惯或特性表示一种习惯、倾向或固有性质等。will用于现在，would用于过去,带有主观性,常意为“总是”。Oilwillfloatonwater.油总是浮在水上。Thisoldmanisstrange.Shewillsitforhourswithoutsayinganything.这位老人很奇怪，她总是坐在那儿几个小时不说一句话。Mumwouldtellusstoriesbeforewewenttobed.以前妈妈总是会在我们睡觉前给我们讲故事。4.表示推测will/would表示推测，意为“大概,可能,想必”,其推测把握小于must。wil1和would都可以表示对现在或将来的推测，但would比will把握要低一些，留有一定的余地。“will+完成式”表示对过去的推测。Thiswillbethebookyouarelookingfor,Ithink.我想,这应该是你要找的书。Herdeathwillbeagreatlosstothecompany.她的去世想必是公司的一大损失。Nothingwouldpreventherfromspeakingoutagainstinjustice.什么都不能阻止她鸣不平。Theholidaywillhavedonehimalotofgood.假期想必对他大有好处吧。5.will表示必然性，意为“注定会”Youwillfailifyoudon’tworkhard.你不努力就注定要失败。Manwilldiewithoutair.没有空气,人注定要死亡。Youwillregretifyouwasteyourtime.浪费时间,你一定会后悔的。6.would构成的固定结构(1)wouldlikesth.和wouldliketodosth.表示“想要某物”和“想要做某事”。Iwouldlikeacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。Iwouldliketohaveacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。(2)wouldrather表示“宁愿”是一种对现在过去或将来的愿望,后接动词原形。若接从句,从句要用虚拟语气。Iwouldratherstayhereforanotherweek.我宁愿在这儿再待一周。Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。(与将来不符。明天来的可能性很小)Iwouldratherhehadleftlastweek.我宁愿他上周就离开了。(与过去事实不符,实际未离开)(3)wouldprefer“宁可更喜欢”,would可省去。常用于prefertodosth.结构。（二）oughtto的用法1..oughtto和should的用法基本相同,意为“应该,应当”，表示责任、义务、劝告、可能性等,语气上比should强。oughtto没有人称、数和时态的变化,后跟动词原形。Weoughttoprotectwildanimals.我们应该保护野生动物。(责任或义务)YououghttomakeanapologytoJoan.你应该向琼道歉。(劝告)Tryphoningthatcustomer-heoughttobehomebynow.给那位顾客打电话试试,他现在应该到家了。(推测)Theweatheroughttoimproveaftertheweekend.过了周末,天气应该会好起来的。(推测)2.oughtto的否定式是oughtnotto或oughtn’tto,疑问式将ought置于主语之前。Yououghtnottoplaytricksonthedisabled.你不应该捉弄残疾人。Suchthingsoughtnottohappen,oughtthey?这样的事情不应该发生,是吗?--Oughthetogo?他应该去吗?--Yes,heought(to).应该去。3.oughtto+完成式oughttohavedonesth.本该做某事(实际上没有做)oughtnottohavedonesth.本不该做某事(实际上做了)IrealizeIoughttohavetoldyouaboutit.我意识到我本该告诉你这件事的。Ioughtnottohaveaskedyouathinglikethat.I'msorry.我本不应该问你这样的事。对不起。（三）haveto的用法1.表示“规定”和“指令”haveto的这种用法,主要指客观上的法律条文规定常译为“应该”“必须”。YouhavetohandinyourpersonalfilesbeforenextFriday.下周五之前你必须交上个人档案。Therehastobeanendtotheviolence.暴力必须结束。2.表示“必须”和“不得不”haveto强调客观需要，而must侧重说明主观看法。MymotherisillandIhavetostayathome.我妈妈病了，我不得不待在家里。Ican'tseethingsclearly,soIhavetowearglasses.我看不清东西,只好戴眼镜。3.haveto有多种不同的时态，而must只有一种时态。Hehadtosellhishousetopayoffthedebt.为了还清债务,他只好把房子卖了。Ifyouwantashareofthepay,youwillhavetodoyourshareofthework要是你想得到一份报酬,你就必须做好你的那份工作。4.haveto的否定形式要借助助动词do来完成即don’t/doesn’t/didn’t/willnothaveto,意为“不必,没有必要”。Youdon'thavetobepresentatthemeeting.你不必出席那个会议。Shedidn'thavetoanswerhisquestions.她没有必要回答他的问题。5.haveto还可以表示“推测”,意思是“一定，肯定”。用于肯定意义的推测，与must用法相似。Thishastobeamistake.这肯定是弄错了。Asforyourproblem,therehastobeasolution.至于你的问题，一定会有解决的办法Housepriceshavetogoupsoonerorlater.房价迟早要涨的。Nooneelsecouldhavedoneit;ithadtobeNeville.没有别人能做到，一定是内维尔干的。（四）need的用法need意为“需要;有必要”。既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词,分述如下。1.作情态动词need用作情态动词,后接动词原形,无人称、数和时态的变化。一般用于否定句、疑问句以及非肯定句(如条件句,带有疑问的名词性从句等)。疑问句直接将need提前肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don'thaveto。NeedIhelpyouwiththemathsproblem?需要我帮你解这道数学题吗?Youneedn'tbeinsuchahurry;thereisplentyoftime.你没有必要这么匆忙,时间很充裕。--NeedIcometomorrow?我明天需要来吗?--Yes,youmust.是的，你必须来。--No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.不，没必要。IwonderifIneedbringadigitalcamerawithme.我想是否需要带一部数码相机。2.作实义动词(1)need作实义动词,有人称和数的变化,后面接带to的不定式，其否定式、疑问式都要通过助动词do构成。Sheneedstoattendtofivepeopleonherown.她需要一人照顾五个人。--Doessheneedtostayheretohelpyou?需要她留下来帮你的忙吗?--Yes,shedoes.需要。--No,shedoesn’t.不必。(2)need作实义动词，除了接带to的动词不定式外,还可跟名词、代词、动名词等,意为“需要”。当主语为物时,need后用动词不定式的被动式或动名词的主动式，意义相同。Ineedtogetsomesleep.我需要睡一会儿。Alllivingthingsneedwater.所有的生物都需要水。Theflowersneedwatering/tobewatered.这些花需要浇水了。3.needn'thavedone的意义表示过去没有必要做某事,意为“本来不必做某事”(但实际上做了)。Ineedn'thavetakentheumbrella,fortheweatherissofine.天这么好,我本没必要带雨伞的。Youneedn'thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.你本来不必浇花的,因为就要下雨了。“need+完成式”仅限于否定句或疑问句，不用于肯定句。Needyouhavescoldedhimsoseverely?你有必要这样严厉地批评他吗?Needhehavepaidsomuch?他需要付那么多钱吗?（五）dare的用法dare意为“敢;敢于”。既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。1.作情态动词dare用作情态动词后接动词原形没有人称和数的变化。一般用于否定句、疑问句以及非肯定句(如条件句,带有疑问的名词性从句等)。疑问句把dare提到主语前,否定用darenot或daren’t。(1)用于否定句。Idaren'tgooutaloneatnight.晚上我自己一个人不敢出去。Noonedarespeakofit.没人敢说这件事。Ineverdaredriveacar.我从不敢开车。(2)用于疑问句及非肯定句。Dareyouletoutthenewstothepublic?你敢把这个消息透露给公众吗?Iwonderwhethershedarecomehomethatnight.不知那天晚上她是否敢回家。Ifyoudareneglectthequalityofyourworks,thereaderswillnotagree.如果你敢忽视作品质量,读者是不会同意的。友情提示：Howdareyou..?经常用来表示“惊讶或愤怒”。Howdareyouspeaktoyourteacherlikethat?你怎么敢那样对你老师说话?Howdareyoutreatmelikethat?你怎么敢这样对我?2.作实义动词(1)dare还可用作实义动词,它有人称和数的变化,肯定句中后跟带to的不定式。在否定句和疑问句中,不定式符号to可以省略。其否定式、疑问式都要借助助动词do构成。Shedarestodowhatevershewantstodo.只要她想做的，她就敢做。Idonotdare(to)complain.(=Idarenotcomplain.)我不敢抱怨。Doyoudare(to)driveacaronsuchacrowdedroad?(=Dareyoudriveacaronsuchacrowdedroad?)你敢在这么拥挤的路上开车吗?(2)Idaresay是习惯用法，意为“我认为，我猜想”。Idaresayyouarealittleangry.我认为你有点生气了。Youaretired,Idaresay.我想你累了吧。（六）usedto的用法情态动词usedto意为“过去常常”表示过去特有的习惯,但现在并非如此,用来强调今昔对比。它没有人称和数的变化,可以与表示过去的时间状语连用。其否定形式为:usedn’tto或didn’tuseto。其疑问形式是将used提到主语前:Used...to...?或用Did开头:Did...useto...?Shedoesn'tgetupearlyassheusedto.她(现在)不像以前起得那么早了。Thereusedtobeatemplehere.从前这里有一座庙。否定句的两种形式:Ididn'tusetolikeoperabutmywifehasconvertedme.我过去不喜欢歌剧,但我妻子改变了我。疑问句的两种形式:Didsheusetogotothesameschoolasyoursister?Usedshetogotothesameschoolasyoursister?她过去和你姐姐去同一所学校上学吗?反意疑问句或简略回答中,也有两种形式:Heusedtobeveryfat,didn'the?Heusedtobeveryfat,usedn'the?他过去很胖,不是吗?Yes,hedid.Yes,heusedto.是的，他过去是（七）hadbetter的用法hadbetter后跟动词原形，意为“最好……”,用来表示劝告或建议。它的否定形式为hadbetternot。You'dbettertryitagainifyoufailthistime.如果你这次失败了,你最好再试一次。Whathadwebetterdonext?下一步我们最好做什么?We'dbetternotjusttalkandlet'shelpthem.我们最好别只是说,咱们帮帮他们吧。练习：根据汉语提示，用情态动词完成句子1.We_________(应该)celebratetheDragonBoatFestivaltohonourthefamousancientpoet,QuYuan.2.Thelanternfair

_________(以前常常)attractalotofpeople,butnowpeopleusuallystayathomewatchingTV.3.Allthedelegates_________(必须)participateintheelectionandvotefortheirpresident.4.You

_________(最好是)identifywhatthemodelverbsindicate:anorder,arequest,abilityorpossibility.5.You

_________(可以)hangthepictureonthewallandregarditasadecoration.6.Inthepast,studentsandtheirparents

_________(肯定)havecomplainedaboutthelimitlessamountofhomework.7.Regularvisitstoyourdoctor

_________(能够)helpyouidentifyhealthwarningsigns.8.Somepeople

_________(可能)havecomplainedaboutincomeinequalitybecausetheywerestarvingthen.答案：1.should/oughtto2.usedto3.must4.hadbetter5.can/may6.must7.can8.may/might核心素养对接高考阅读理解一、WhileestablishedbyWoodrowWilsonasaholidayintheUnitedStatesin1911,thepracticeofrecognizingmothersonaspecificdayortimeofyearhasspreadtomorethan40countries.Here'salookatthevarioustraditions.FranceMother'sDayinFranceonlystartedinthe1950s.AfterWorldWarI,itwascelebratedonthelastSundayinMay,unlessitconflictedwiththePentecost(五旬节).Ifitdid,motherswerecelebratedonthefirstSundayofJune.Regardlessoftheday,atraditionalgifisaflower-shapedcake.JapanFollowingWWI,Mother'sDayinJapangainedsomepopularity,anditisnowcelebratedonthesecondSundayofMay.Giftsincluderedorpinkconations(康乃馨)astheysymbolizesweetnessandpurity.Childrenwilloftendrawpicturesoftheirmothersandpresentthemtomominadditiontopreparingdishesthattheirmothershavetaughtthem.SwedenCelebratedonthelastSundayinMay,thedayisn'tallthatdifferentfromtheU.S.version.There'sbreakfastinbedandhomemadecardsandthelike.OnedifferenceisthattheSwedishRedCrosscollectsmoneybysellingredplasticflowers.Themoneyfromtheflowersgoestomothersandchildreninneed.ThailandWhileallmothersarerecognizedduringMother'sDayinThailand,theholidayislargelycenteredonSirikit,thequeenmotherofThailand.Mother'sDayiscelebratedonherbirthday,August12,andpublicplacesandhouseholdsaredecoratedwithlightsandpicturesofSirikit.Flowerslikejasminearepopulargifts.1.WhatdoJapanesechildrenusuallydofortheirmothersonMother'sDay?A.Buypictures. B.Cookmeals. C.Growflowers. D.Presentcards.2.WhichcountryhasafixeddateforMother'sDay?A.France. B.Japan. C.Thailand. D.Sweden.3.What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.TotellushowdifferentcountriescelebrateMother'sDay.B.ToprotecttraditionsofMother'sDayindifferentplaces.C.TointroducetheoriginanddevelopmentofMother'sDay.D.TocallonustoshowrespectforourmotheronMother'sDay.二、AnevergreentreeisaChristmastraditioninmanyAmericanhomes.Thetreeisusuallyapineorfirdressedwithlightsandothercolorfuldecorations.Familiesmightbuyacuttreeorgotoatreefarmandcutonedownthemselves.Somepeoplebringalivetreeinapotintotheirhomefortheholidaysandthenputitbackoutdoors.SomepeoplerentaChristmastree.Companiesmightbringthesamelivetreetothesamefamilyyearafteryear.Orthetreemightgetplantedinaparkorsomeplaceelsewhereitcouldhelptheenvironment.Therearesometreesthatcanbereusedyearafteryearbecausetheyaremadeofplasticormetal.Or,insteadofatree,somepeoplehaveasmall,sweet-smellingrosemary(迷迭香)plant,cuttolooklikealittleChristmastree.AnotherplantthatmanypeopleconnectwithChristmasisthepoinsettia(一品红).PoinsettiasarenativetoMexico.Theycanbewhiteorpink,butmostarebrightred.TheyarenamedafterJoelRobertsPoinsett,thefirstAmericanAmbassadortoMexico.HelikedthemenoughtosendsomebacktotheUnitedStates.Thepoinsettiaisregardedasapoisonousplant.Babiesorpetsthateatpoinsettiasmightgetsick.Butexpertssaytheplantisnotaspoisonousassomepeoplethink.Likemillionsofotherhouses,thehomeofAmerica'sfirstpresidentisdecoratedforChristmas.GeorgeWashington'sMountVernonisinVirginia.VisitorscanhearstoriesaboutwhatChristmaswaslikeatMountVernonintheeighteenthcentury.ThemuseumwherevisitorsbegintheirtourisdecoratedwithChristmastrees.4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.AmericansarenotallowedtocutatreeforChristmas.B.AmericanshavevariouswaystogetaChristmastree.C.AChristmastreemustbeplantedafteritisused.D.AfamilywillchangetheirChristmastreeeveryyear.5.WhydopeopleplanttheirChristmastreessomewhereafterChristmas?A.Touseitagainnextyear. B.TosavemoneyonChristmastrees.C.Tohelpprotecttheenvironment. D.Tohopeforthebestinthecomingyear.6.WhydidJoelRobertsPoinsettsendsomepoinsettiasbacktotheUnitedStates?A.HewantedtogivehispeopleanotherkindofChristmastree.B.Hewantedhispeopletorememberhim.C.Hewantedtoplanttheminhishome.D.Hewasveryfondofthem.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThecustomsofChristmasinAmerica.B.ThedecorationofChristmastrees.C.ThetraditionofChristmastreesinAmerica.D.ThehistoryofChristmasinAmerica.三、Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch；IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,"foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,"asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.It'sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from"ugly"(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,"iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld."Ifthat'shardtounderstand,let'skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12boxesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon'teat,"Curtinsays.8.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.9.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetext?A.Moraldecline. B.Environmentalharm.C.Energyshortage. D.Worldwidestarvation.10.WhatdoesCurtin'scompanydo?A.Itproduceskitchenequipment. B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.C.Ithelps