Unit 1 Food for thought 期末语法复习讲解与练习

2/2Unit1Foodforthought—2023-2024学年高一英语外研版（2019）必修第二册期末复习敲重点学习目标整合知识目标学习本课时下的重点单词和词组，要求会读、会写、掌握意义及灵活运用能力目标能够充分利用字典和小组合作学习等方式探究英语中的语言现象和语法，培养自主学习能力情感目标培养改善不良饮食习惯，健康合理饮食的思想思维导图回顾知识重难知识易混易错情态动词1.beableto的用法beableto表示“经过努力而成功地做成某事”，有人称和时态的变化，不能与can连用。IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyhaddoneforme.我过了好久才能完全理解他们为我做的事情。Toughthoughthetaskwas,wewereabletofinishitaheadoftimeandthereforewewerepraisedforit.尽管这项任务很难，但我们还是提前完成了，并因此得到了表扬。Ifwekeeptrying,wewillbeabletoachieveourgoals.如果我们不断尝试，我们将能实现我们的目标。2.haveto的用法haveto表示"不得不，必须"，强调客观上的必要性。否定式为don't/doesn't/didn'thaveto。Youhavetowearuniformwhenonduty,don'tyou?你在值班时必须穿制服，不是吗？Wedon'thavetorush-there'splentyoftime.我们不必着急——有很多时间。haveto有人称和时态的变化。Hehastopassanexaminationbeforehecanstartwork.他必须考试及格才能开始工作。YesterdaymorningIhadtocallonafriend.昨天早上我必须去拜访一个朋友。Ifyouearnmorethan£5,000,youwillhavetopaytax.如果你赚了超过5000英镑，你就得纳税。3.hadbetter的用法hadbetter表示“应该，最好”，没有人称和时态的变化。其否定式是hadbetternot。We'dbetterleavenoworwe'llmissthebus.我们最好现在就走,否则就赶不上公共汽车了。You'dbetternottellOliverthenews.你最好不要告诉奥利弗这个消息。4.dare的用法dare作情态动词常用于疑问句、否定句及条件句中，表示“敢于，胆敢”，没有人称变化，但有过去式。Hedaren'tspeakEnglishinpublic.他不敢在公共场合说英语。Shedarenotsaywhatshethinks.她不敢把她想的说出来。Thelittlegirlwasfrightenedatthesightofthesnake,shuthereyesanddarednothaveasecondlookatit.小女孩看到蛇吓坏了，闭上眼睛不敢再看它一眼。dare也可以做实义动词，其用法如下：做实义动词时，有人称，时态和数的变化；在肯定句中，其后常接带to的不定式；在否定句和疑问句中，既可接带to的不定式，也可接不带to的不定式；否定式和疑问句时，要借助dodoesdid等助动词。Hedarestochallengeallkindsofdifficulties.他敢于挑战各种困难。Hedoesn'tdare(to)gotherealone.他不敢自己去那里。5.need的用法need作情态动词多用在疑问句和否定句中，表示“需要”，没有时态和人称的变化。Ifshewantsanything,sheneedonlyask.她如果想要什么东西，只要开一下口就行了。Thisisfreeservice;youneedn'tpayforit.这是免费服务,你不必付钱。对need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时要用must，作否定回答时要用needn't或don'thaveto。-NeedIhandintheapplicationnow?我需要现在交申请表吗？-Yes,youmust./No,youdon'thaveto.是的,你必须（现在交）。/不，你不必（现在交）。练习：选择合适的情态动词并用其适当形式填空,每词限用一次beableto,dare,haveto,hadbetter,need1.Afraidofthedogsintheyard,Tom_____notgooutofthehouse.2.It'squitewarmtodaysowe_____notturntheheatingon.3.You_____arriveatthemeetingearlysothatyouwillnotmissanythingimportant.4.He_____walkhomeyesterdaybecausehiscarbrokedown.5.Mozart,agreatestpianist,_____playthepianowhenhewas4yearsold.答案：1.dare2.need3.hadbetter4.hadto5.wasableto解析：1.句意：由于害怕院子里的狗，汤姆不敢走出这个房子。dare意为“敢，敢于”。2.句意:今天很暖和，所以我们不需要开暖气。need意为“需要”。3.句意:你最好早点到会上，以便你不会错过任何重要的事情。hadbetter意为“最好”。4.句意：他昨天不得不步行回家，因为他的车坏了。haveto意为“不得不”，根据yesterday和brokedown可知，本空应用一般过去时。5.句意:莫扎特，一位伟大的钢琴家，在他4岁的时候就能够弹奏钢琴了。beableto意为“能够”，根据时间状语whenhewas4yearsold可知，本空应用一般过去时。核心素养对接高考阅读理解一、Overtheyears,BrianWansink,directoroftheFoodandBrandLabatCornellUniversity,hasstudiedsuchthingsashowfarAmericanstypicallydrivetobuyfood,howmanytimeswerefillourplatesatall-you-can-eatbuffetsandhowweorganizeourkitchens.Inthemid-2000shefamouslycoinedthephrasemindlesseating"(andwroteabookbythatname)tofocusattentiononallthebaddietarydecisionswemakewithoutreallythinkingaboutthem.Hisnewbook,SlimbyDesign:MindlessEatingSolutionsforEverydayLife,aimstochangethedesignofrestaurants,schoollunchrooms,officecafeteriasandhomessothatthemindlesschoiceswemakewillbemorehealthfulones.Herearesomeexamples.Keepkitchencountersclear.Novisiblesnackfood,nobread,nonuts—notevenbreakfastcereals.InWansink'sresearch,"womenwhohadevenoneboxofbreakfastcerealthatwasvisible—anywhereintheirkitchens—weighed21poundsmorethantheirneighborswhodidn't".Trickyourselfintodrinkinglesswine."Wetendtofocusontheheightofwhatwepourbutnotthewidth,sowepour12percentlesswineintotallerwineglassesthanwepourintowiderwineglasses."Andtheshapeoftheglassisnottheonlyvariable(变量)thataffectshowmuchwedrink.Wansinkwrites,"Becauseredwineiseasiertoseethanwhitewine,wepour9percentlesswheneverwepouraglassofredwine."Wansinksaidhisresearchersalsofoundthatpeopleatelessatrestaurantswhensittinginwell-lightedareasnearwindowsanddoors,thanindarkerareasorintheback.Theyatelessiftheywereofferedadoggiebag,orato-gobox,beforetheygottheirmeals:apparentlytheideaofgettinga"free"secondmealoutweighedtheimpulse(冲动)tocleantheirplates.Workerswhofrequentlyateattheirdesksweighed15.4poundsless,onaverage,thanthosewhodidn't.Fruitandvegetableskeptonthetopshelfoftherefrigeratorwereeatenathigherratesthanthoseonlowershelves.Thepoint,Wansinksays,istoconsiderfindingslikethoseandchangeyourenvironmentorhabits.Thenyouwon'thavetothinkaboutit:you'lljusteatless.1.WhydidBrianWansinkwriteSlimbyDesign:MindlessEatingSolutionsforEverydayLife?A.Becausehewantedpeopletobecomethin.B.Becausehewantedpeopletolearnfromhim.C.Becausehehopedtocoinanewphrase"mindlesseating".D.Becausehewishedtochangethedesignofdiningplaces.2.AccordingtoWansink,whichofthefollowingaffectstheamountofwinewedrink?A.Theshapeofwineglasses. B.Thecolorofwineglasses.C.Thetasteofwine. D.Thequalityofwine.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"adoggiebag"inParagraph5probablymean?A.Abagforcarryingthings. B.Aboxfortakeawayfood.C.Abagforcarryingdogfood. D.Acontainerforleftovers.4.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Changingtheenvironmentoreatinghabitswillhelpyoueatless.B.Eatingfruitandvegetablesisbetterforyourhealth.C.Keepingyourkitchencounterclearofanyfoodwillhelpmakeyouthin.D.Manypeopleeatordrinktoomuchwithoutpayingattentiontoit.二、Idomybesttoeducatemykidsabouteatinghealthyfood.Iteachthemhowtoreadlabels,whattolookforonpackaging,andhowcertainfoodsaffecttheirgrowingbodies.Butmykidsarealsolikemostotherchildren—theylovejunkfood.Myten-year-oldsonZackisveryawareofhisbodyandhowfoodaffectshim.ThispastsummerZackwasinvitedtoacampingtrip.HeleftonFridayandcamehomeonSundaymorning.OnSaturdaynight,Zackatealotoffood...andjunkfood...andwhoknowswhatelse.Hewenttobedat11:00andataround1:30a.m.Zackthrewupinthetent.Itwashisbodytellinghimthatitdidn'tlikewhatheatethatday.Recently,ZackandIwereaskedtospeaktoanaudienceofmorethan200people.IspokeaboutUnjunkYourJunkFoodandZackspokeabouthisappreciationforourbookandhowithasimpactedhislifeasaten-year-oldchild.IaskedZacktowritehisownspeechbecauseIwantedwhathesaidtocomestraightfromhisheart.Here'shisspeech:"TodayI'mgoingtotalktoyouaboutmymom'sbook,UnjunkYourJunkFood.It'sagreatbook,butI'malittledisappointedthatmyfavoritetypeofcandyisthere,Twizzlers.Irealizedafterreadingthebookthatthey'rebad,soIdon'teatthemanymore.IsawthemovieSuperSizeMeandIrealizedthatjunkfood,especiallyfastfood,isreallyunhealthy,andIwon'tevergotoMcDonald's.Ibroughtmymom'sbooktoschool,andmymomevengavepresentationstomanyclasses,includingmine.Wellyouguyscandothesamethingandshowpeoplethebookatyourworkandschools,andgivethemtipsoneatinghealthyfood.Thanksforlistening.WhilenotallchildrenhaveasmuchofareactiontojunkfoodasZack,it'sclearthatthehumanbodydoesn'tworkasitsprime(全盛时期)whenwegiveitthistypeoffood.It'simportanttomethatmychildreneatahealthydietandlimittheirexposuretofoodsthataren'tgoodforthem,andthebestwayforthemtodothatisformetoteachthemaboutmakinghealthychoices.WhileIfillmyhomewithhealthyoptions,it'swonderfultoseemysonnowcometorealize,onhisown,thatthechoiceshemakesaffectthewayhefeels.5.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor'skids?A.Theyhaveastrongdislikeforjunkfood.B.Theirstomachsaresensitivetojunkfood.C.Theyarekeptinformedofeatinghealthyfood.D.Theyarenaughtykidswhooftendisobeytheirmother.6.WhydidtheauthoraskZacktowritehisownspeech?A.Shecouldn'twritebetterthanZack.B.Shecouldn'tspareaminutetowriteforhim.C.ShewantedZacktoexpresshistruethoughts.D.ShetriedtotrainZacktobeafluentwriter.7.What'sZack'sattitudetohismother'sbook?A.Disappointed. B.Approving. C.Doubtful. D.Indifferent.8.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Exposuretojunkfoodissuretobeharmfultothehumanbody.B.Theauthorneedn'tteachherkidshowtoeathealthily.C.MostchildrenhaveseverereactiontojunkfoodlikeZack.D.Theauthorfailedtopersuadeherkidstochoosehealthyfood.三、Thereismoreofaconnectionbetweenfoodandculturethanyoumaythink.Onanindividuallevel,wegrowupeatingthefoodofourculture.Itbecomesapartofwhoweare.Manyofusassociatefoodinourchildhoodwithwarmfeelingsandgoodmemoriesandittiesustoourfamilies,holdingspecialandpersonalvalueforus.Foodfromourfamilyoftenbecomesthecomfortfoodweseekasadultsintimesoffrustrationandstress.Onalargescale,traditionalfoodisanimportantpartofculture.Italsooperatesasanexpressionofculturalidentity.Immigrantsbringitwherevertheygo,anditisasymbolofprideintheircultureandameansofcopingwithhomesickness.Manyimmigrantsopentheirownrestaurantsandservetraditionaldishes.However,thefooddoesnotremainexactlythesame.Somematerialsneededtomaketraditionaldishesmaynotbereadilyavailable,sothetasteandflavorcanbedifferentfromwhattheywouldprepareintheirhomecountries.Additionally,immigrantsdonotonlyselldishestopeoplefromthesamecountryasthem,buttopeoplefromothercountries.Therefore,theyhavetomakesmallchangestotheoriginaldishestocatertoawiderrangeofcustomers.Thosechangescancreatenewflavorsthatstillkeeptheculturalsignificanceofthedishes.Weshouldnotonlyembraceourheritage(传统)throughourculture'sfood,butalsobecomemoreinformedaboutotherculturesbytryingtheirfood.Itisimportanttorememberthateachdishhasaspecialplaceintheculturetowhichitbelongs,andisspecialtothosewhoprepareit.Foodisawindowintoculture,anditshouldbetreatedassuch.9.What'sthefunctionoffoodmentionedinthearticle?A.Tohelpmotivate(激发)homesickness.B.Toshownationalidentity.C.Toreflectacountry'shistory.D.Toshowacommunity'ssuperiority(优越性).10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referto?A.Thespecifictraditionalfood. B.Thenationalculture.C.Atraditionalexpressionoffood. D.Theold-fashionedtaste.11.Whydosomeimmigrantshavetochangetheoriginaldishesintheirrestaurants?A.Toattachculturalimportancetotheirdishes.B.Toannouncethebeginningoftheirlifeonforeignsoil.C.Tomakethedishespopularamongcustomers.D.Topresenttheirownfoodcultureinanewway.12.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsdifferentfoodcultures?A.Negative. B.Balanced. C.Unfair. D.Unchangeable.

答案及解析一、1.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Hisnewbook...aimstochangethedesignofrestaurants,schoollunchrooms,officecafeteriasandhomessothatthemindlesschoiceswemakewillbemorehealthfulones.”可知,布莱恩·汪辛克的新书力求改变餐馆、学校餐厅、办公室自助餐厅以及家里的设计,以便让我们无意识的选择变得更加健康。由此可知布莱恩·汪辛克写这本书是因为他希望改变用餐场所的设计。2.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句中的“Wetendtofocusontheheightofwhatwepourbutnotthewidth”及第三句“Andtheshapeoftheglass...thataffectshowmuchwedrink.”可知,布莱恩·汪辛克认为,酒杯的形状影响我们的饮酒量。3.答案：D解析：词义猜测题。根据本段中的“Theyatelessiftheywereofferedadoggiebag,orato-gobox,beforetheygottheirmeals”及“apparentlytheideaofgettinga‘free’secondmealoutweighedtheimpulse(冲动)tocleantheirplates”可知,当在饭前给人们提供打包袋时,人们会吃得更少,“得到了免费的第二顿饭”的想法会战胜人们吃光盘子里的食物的冲动。由“theywereofferedadoggiebag,orato-gobox”可知or连接两个并列成分,or前后的adoggiebag和ato-gobox是同类事物,由to-gobox(打包盒)可推知画线部分是指打包剩菜的容器。故选D。A:携带东西的袋子;B:盛外卖食物的盒子;C:携带狗粮的袋子。4.答案：A解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段、第二段介绍了布莱恩·汪辛克所从事的研究并引出本文要介绍的他的一项研究;接下来的第三、四、五段通过举例子介绍了该项研究的具体内容;最后一段(汪辛克说,重点是考虑像那样的调查发现并改变你的环境或习惯。然后你将不用考虑就会吃得更少。)点明主旨。由此可知本文主要介绍的是改变环境或者饮食习惯有助于你吃得更少,故选A。二、5.答案：C解析：细节理解题。由第一段中Idomybesttoeducatemykidsabouteatinghealthyfood.可知,作者一直尽最大努力教育孩子们要吃健康的食物,故选C。由第一段中Butmykidsarealsolikemostotherchildren—theylovejunkfood.可知,作者的孩子喜欢吃垃圾食品,故排除A项;由第二段可知,扎克的身体对垃圾食品反应强烈,但没有提到其他孩子有同样的反应,故排除B项。D项“他们是经常违抗妈妈的淘气孩子”由原文表述无法推测出来。6.答案：C解析：细节理解题。由文中第四段Iask