高中英语《选择性必修第三册》课后习题第四单元测评

第四单元测评(时间:100分钟满分:120分)第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A(2021·山东潍坊高二期末)TheUSisblessedwithmanyofnationalparksthatarehometosomeofthemostbreathtakinglandscapesonEarth.SequoiaNationalPark

DateofEstablishment:September25,1890

TotalArea:1,635.19km2Theplaceishometothelargesttreesintheworld.Hikingroutescrossingthesequoiagroves(红杉林)willtakeyounearthesehugetrees.Theseawe-inspiringforestsfilledwithtoweringtreesareasighttosee.YosemiteNationalPark

DateofEstablishment:October1,1890

TotalArea:3,028.81km2ItsmaindrawistheYosemiteValleythatlooksbeautifulwithitsjaw-droppingscenery.Betweenglacially(冰川地)sculptedcliffs(悬崖)andthetoweringwaterfallsstretchingoutofthesideofthemountains,youreyeswillbetreatedtomanynaturalwonders.TheplacewasnamedasaUNESCOWorldHeritagesitein1984.MountRainierNationalPark

DateofEstablishment:March2,1899

TotalArea:956.60km2Establishingthisnationalparkwastheendofalongbattlebyenvironmentaliststopreservetheuniqueforestandglaciallandscapefoundhere.MountRainierisanicyactivevolcano.CraterLakeNationalPark

DateofEstablishment:May22,1902

TotalArea:741.48km2ManyvisitorscometothisparktoseeCraterLake,thedeepestlakeintheUS.Thewaterappearsinvariousshadesofblue.Itissurroundedbytoweringcliffsandsourcesitswaterfromrainandsnow.Itsitsinthemiddleofadeadvolcano,somanyspectacularvolcanicformationscanalsobefoundhere.1.Whichofthefollowingistheoldestnationalpark?A.SequoiaNationalPark. B.YosemiteNationalPark.C.CraterLakeNationalPark. D.MountRainierNationalPark.2.WhatdoYosemiteNationalParkandMountRainierNationalParkhaveincommon?A.Activevolcanoes. B.Glaciallandscapes.C.Toweringwaterfalls. D.WorldHeritagesites.3.WhatcanweknowaboutCraterLake?A.Itisthedeepestlakeintheworld.B.Itswatercomesfromtheunderground.C.Itliesinthecenterofadeadvolcano.D.Itswaterpresentsvariousshadesofcolors.B(2021·江苏三市联考)JuliaKochbeganhersecondyearasafirst-gradeteacherinavirtualclassroomatEdgewoodElementarySchoolinMuskegonHeights,Michigan.OneSeptemberafternoonafewweeksintotheschoolyear,shereceivedacallfromCynthiaPhillips,whowashavingtechnicaldifficultieswithhergranddaughter’stoolsforonlinelearning.KochimmediatelyknewsomethingwaswrongwithPhillips.Thetwowomenhadspokennumeroustimesbefore,butKochhadneverheardthegrandmothersoundquitelikethis.HerwordsweresojumbledthatKochcouldbarelyunderstandher,thoughshewasabletomakeoutthatPhillipshadfallenfourtimesthatday.Kochcalledherprincipal,CharlieLovelady,whoassuredherthathewouldcallandcheckonPhillipshimself.JustlikeKoch,LoveladycouldbarelyunderstandPhillips.Hesuspectedshemightbehavingastroke—herecognizedthesignsfromwhenhisownfatherhadsufferedone.LoveladywasabletomakeoutthewordkidsandimmediatelybecameconcernedthatPhillips’stwograndchildren,agessixandeight,wereprobablyhomealonewithher—sheistheirprimaryguardian—andscared.Loveladyaskedhisofficemanagertosendanambulancetothegrandmother’shome.ThenLoveladycalledVandiebiltMathewsandKeytriaBurt-Walker,twodeansintheschooldistrict,totellthemwhatwasgoingon.Bothofthemdroppedeverythinganddrovetothefamily’shome.Whentheypulleduplessthantenminuteslater,theEMTsweretreatingPhillipswhilethetwogirls,lookingvisiblyshaken,wereoutsidewithaneighbor.ThequickresponsefromKochandLoveladysavedPhillips’slife.Shearrivedatthehospitalintimetogettreatmentandbeforechronicdamageoccurred.“Ifitwasn’tforthem,Iwouldn’tbehere,”saidPhillipsfromherhospitalbedaboutamonthafterherstroke.Thankstoanextendedstayinthehospital,shehasregainedmostofthemovementthroughoutherbodyexceptforonehandandaportionofhermouth,whichaffectsherspeech.Virtuallearninghasbeenachallengeacrossthecountry,butit’sfairtosaythatinMuskegonHeightsithashelpedthecommunitygrowcloser.Manyteacherstheregavetheirpersonalphonenumberstostudentsandfamiliesincasetheyneededextrahelp.Inthiscase,theexchangewasliterallylife-altering.4.WhatdidKochfoundwhenshereceivedPhillips’scall?A.Phillipshaddifficultieswithonlinelearning.B.Phillipscouldbarelyunderstandher.C.Phillipshadfallenforalongtime.D.Phillipscouldn’texpressherselfclearly.5.HowdidLoveladyhelptosavePhillips’slife?A.Hesentanambulancetoherhome.B.Heofferedhertreatmentintime.C.Hedrovehertothehospitalimmediately.D.Hemadeaquickresponsetoherdisease.6.WhatisoneofthebadeffectsthestrokeleftonPhillips?A.Shecouldnotmoveaboutproperly.B.Shecouldnotspeakclearly.C.Shecouldnothavemealsproperly.D.Shecouldnotuseherhandsasbefore.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”(LastParagraph)referto?A.Phonenumbers. B.Teachers.C.Studentsandfamilies. Dmunities.C(2021·安徽宿州高二期末)OnSept.21,2020,scientistsannouncedthatArcticseaicehasalreadylosttwo-thirdsofitsamountoverthepastfourdecades.Itispartofashockingtrendinpolarheatingthatisalreadyseeingimpactsacrosstheglobe.Throughoutthespringandsummer,Arcticseaicemeltedawayfasterthanitusuallydoes,causingthelargestlossofArcticseaicecoversincesatelliterecordsbeganinthe1970s.Thisyear’sminimumwasreachedonSeptember15,at3.74millionm2comparedwiththepreviouslow—4.17millionm2—setin2007.What’scausingthislossofseaice?Theshortanswerisourheatingclimate.Arecentstudyshowedthattheinfluenceofheathasmorethandoubledoverthepastdecadeorso,whichmeansthemeltingofnearlyameterthicknessofseaiceeachyear.ThebiggesteffectsofthelossofArcticseaice,ofcourse,willbefeltlocally:fromthemorepossiblesnowfalltomorestormswithstrongerwinds.Thesewillalsocausewavesaswellasrisingtemperatures.Infact,theincreasedtemperaturestransformednorthernforestsintotinderboxesreadytoburn.ThatmeltalsomeanspolarbearsarelosingcriticalhabitatandInuithuntersarelosingicetopreservetheirtraditionsandculture.Onalargerscale,thegreatestimpactmaybethechangesintheArctic’sabilityiofunctionasacoolingsystemfortheglobalocean.AwarmerArcticwillaffectthetemperaturedifferencesbetweenthenorthernpolarregionandareasfurthersouth.Thatmay,inturn,createstrongerheatwaves,droughts,floodsandpotentialimpactsonfarming.Andallofuswillbemoreexposedtothedisastrouseffectsofclimatebreakdown.WeneedtohittheresetbuttonrightnowonhowwelookaftereachotherandArcticseaicetohelpourplanetcopewiththeclimatebreakdown.8.Whatdothefiguresinparagraph2showus?A.Thewaysofseaicemelting. B.Thereasonsforseaicemelting.C.Thebigfallintheamountofseaice. D.Thegreatdamageofseaicemelting.9.WhatmayhappenduetotheArcticseaiceloss?A.Thereductionofsnowfall. B.Theglobalclimateemergency.C.Thedirectoutbreakofforestfires. D.ThedisappearanceofInuithunters.10.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Stressingtheimportanceofoceans.B.Warningpeopleofthepossiblerisks.C.Puttingforwardsomeusefulmeasures.D.AppealingtothepublictoprotectArcticseaice.11.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Theearthisfacingacatastrophe.B.Climatebreakdownisontheway.C.GlobalheatingseesArcticseaiceloss.D.Arcticseaiceisimportantformankind.DItwasMay23,2016.Arnot,the32-year-oldmountainguide,reachedthetopofQomolangmawithouttheuseofoxygen(O2)equipment.Itwasachievedaftersevenyears,threepreviousattempts,andfourteenstraighthoursofclimbing.After15minutesatthetop,Arnotbeganherdescent(下坡).Eighthourslater,shereachedthecampat7,600metresandbecamethefirstAmericanwoman—andonlytheseventhwomanever—tosuccessfullyreachMountQomolangmawithoutoxygenequipment.“Therearesomanyreasonsforherimpressiveachievement,especiallythephysicalandemotionaleffortsthatshehasputforthovertheyearstomakethishappen,”saystheprofessionalclimberandphotographerRichards.“Thementalcouragethatitrequiresissomethingveryfewpeoplehave.”Arnotdidn’tstartclimbinguntilshewas19yearsold.Moneywastightinherfamily,andclimbingmountainsneveroccurredinhermind.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Arnotwasinvitedbyherfriendtoclimbamountain.“Ittotallychangedmylife,”saysArnot.“Ialwaysknowthatifyouwantsomething,youcanachieveit,butknowingwhatyouwantisawholedifferentthing,”shesays.“Iamathleticbutnotcompetitive.Aftermyfirstclimbing,IknewimmediatelythatmountainsarewhatIwant—asthatiswhereIfelthomeforthefirsttimeinmylife.”Afterthatfirstclimb,shedevotedherselftolearninghowtoclimbandmovethroughmountain.ItwasduringhersecondtriptoQomolangmain2009thatshefirstsethersightsonano-oxygenattempt.However,whilehikingintoQomolangmaBaseCampthatyear,shehurtherlegandwasn’tabletoclimbwithoutoxygen.In2013shenearlymadeittothetop,butwasforcedtotakeoxygenat8,504metreswhilehelpinganotherclimber.WhenArnotfinallystoodatopQomolangma,shecalledherbestfriend,“IreachedthetopandI’mnotusinganyoxygen.”Then,tearsbegantostreamdownfromhereyes.SomuchofArnot’slifehasbeenaboutpushingthelimitsofherabilities,andinthiscase,shehasalsopushedupagainsttheouterlimitsofthehumanspirit.12.OnMay23,2016,Arnot.

A.spent8straighthoursclimbingB.stayedatthetopfor50minutesC.madeherfirstattempttoclimbQomolangmaD.reachedthetopwithoutoxygenequipment13.Arnotfellinlovewithclimbingbecause.

A.moneywasnolongeraproblemtoherB.mountainsgaveherthefeelingofcomfortC.shetriedtobemoreathleticandcompetitiveD.shewantedtobuildupherbodythroughclimbing14.WhatdoweknowaboutArnot’sclimbingexperience?A.Shetookupclimbingwhenshewas19yearsold.B.Shehasalwaysbeenagoodclimbersinceherchildhood.C.SheclimbedQomolangmawithherfamilyduringherfirsttrip.D.Shehurtherlegbadlywhilehelpinganotherclimberin2009.15.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeArnot?A.Determinedandbrave. B.Cautiousandhonest.C.Caringandopen-minded. D.Confidentandcreative.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2020·河南南阳高二期末)Practiceself-controlbysettinggoalsandstickingtothemMakeyourgoalsspecificandlong-term.Psychologystudieshaveshownthatabstract(抽象的),big-picturethinkingleadstoself-control.Insteadoffocusingonthemoment,looktowardbiggergoalslikesuccessinschoolorsports.16

●Writedownyourgoalsandhangthemupwhereyoucanseethemregularly.17

●Makebehavioralgoalstoomittobehavingyourselfinpublicandnothavinganyunintendedoutbursts.●18GetstraightA’s,keeppracticingguitaruntilyou’recomfortableenoughtoplayagig,orexercisefourtimesaweek.Sticktoyourgoalsseriously.

●Whenyouaretobreakapromiseoragoal,takeadeepbreathandthinkaboutwhyyousetthegoalinthefirstplace.Thatlongtermcommitmentismoreimportantthanyourmomentaryimpulse(冲动).●Makesureyourgoalsarespecific.19

●Trysettingupapunishmentandrewardsystemforyourself.20Likewise,ifyoudecidetoskipaworkout,makeupforitbyworkingouttwiceaslongthenextday.Practiceslikethesewillleadtocontroloveryourdesiresandactions.

●Makespecificlong-termgoalswithspecificshort-termwaystoachievethem.A.Keepyourgoalspositive.B.Remindyourselfofyourgoalsregularly.C.Generalgoalsaremucheasiertoforgetabout.D.Focusingonthefuturewillhelpyoubehaveinthepresent.E.Moveuptohardergoalslikemakingthestartingbasketballteam.F.Ifyougoaweekstickingtoastrictdiet,giveyourselfa“cheatday”.G.Stickwithyourgoalsandsoonyou’llbeintotalcontrolofyourthoughtsandactions.第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2021·山东德州二模)Itightlyheldtheseatundermeasthejeepracedforward,bouncingmeintotheair.I,abookishManhattanite,21solonorthoftheArcticCircletotheSwedishLapland.Ididn’twantto22myfortiethbirthdayasadayIwaschainedwithmyofficework.Feelinganurgencytolivelifetothe23,Iansweredthecallofthewild.

IbookedaHuskysleddingtourand24myselfthatIwouldbesafeonthejourney.Yet,Istilldoubtedmyabilitytosteerthe25dogs.Whatifthesledstoppedhalfwayandthe26begantocrackunderus?

Afterstrugglingintomultiplelayersofclothing,Iboardedandlookedlikeafatmonster.WiththepackofHuskies,eruptinginthe27ofbarksandhowls,Ihittheopenroughroad.Whilespeedingdown,Icouldevenhearthesnowcrunchingunderus.With28eyes,Itriedtoavoidanypossibledangers.Ididn’twanttoputmyownlife29.

Eventually,thepackofHuskieshadbroughtmy30intotheunknown.Avaststretchofwildopenedbeforeus.Tallconifers(松柏)31atunneloftrees.Idesiredtocatchaglimpseofthenativewildlife—thequietmoose,thearcticfox,themagicalreindeer,whichseemedstraightfromastorybook.Iwassearching,liketheHuskies,allsenses32,eagerforadventure.

Istrainedmyeyesasfarastheycouldsee33pathsmetmilky-whitesky.Perhapstheearthandtheheavenwereone.Perhapslifewasn’tsomuchabout34thereins(缰绳)butlettinggoandtrustingtheadventure.Perhapsweevenneedalittleroughweather,theslipperysnow,toexperiencethe35ofchallengingthewild.

21.A.hiked B.settled C.traveled D.dreamed22.A.getalongwith B.lookbackon C.makeupfor D.keepupwith23.A.fullest B.largest C.fairest D.coldest24.A.requested B.declared C.forgave D.convinced25.A.freezing B.emotional C.dangerous D.energetic26.A.car B.ice C.rock D.air27.A.noise B.sight C.record D.song28.A.watchful B.sensitive C.patient D.generous29.A.withease B.undercontrol C.atrisk D.inreturn30.A.thought B.work C.future D.journey31.A.grew B.created C.lifted D.covered32.A.alert B.absent C.dull D.obvious33.A.muddy B.snowy C.tough D.busy34.A.loosening B.fixing C.tightening D.breaking35.A.pain B.sorrow C.hope D.joy第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2021·浙江丽水高二期末)Arewealoneintheuniverse?Scientistshavespentyears36.(search)deepintospaceforsignsoflifebeyondourplanet.Nowthey’vediscoveredwhatmightbelifeonVenus.

Venusisthesecondplanetfromthesuninoursolarsystem.It’soneofthebrightest37.(object)inthenightsky.Severalbillionyearsago,thesurfacesofVenusandEarthmayhavebeen38.(much)similarthannow.Buttoday,thesurfaceofVenusistoohotforlife.Anduntilrecently,Venus’sthickcloudswerethoughttobetoopoisonousforalivingthing39.(survive)there.

40.September14,inthejournalNatureAstronomy,scientistsreportedthediscoveryofachemical41.(call)phosphine(磷化氢)inthecloudsofVenus.OnEarth,phosphinegas42.(give)offbylivingthings.Scientistsaren’tyetabletoprovethatlifeonVenusis43.isproducingthephosphine.Buttheycan’texplainthesourceofthegasinanyotherway.

ThediscoveryoflifebeyondEarthwouldteachusmoreabouttheuniverse44.ourplaceinit.ToSousa-Silva,HarvardUniversityastrochemist,itwouldsaysomethingaboutour45.(important).“Ilikefindingoutthatweashumansaren’tthatspecial,”shesays.

第三部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)(2021·山东泰安高二期末)“中华泰山成人礼”倡导全市高中生登泰山活动已经启动,你们班决定近期组织参加。假设你是班长李华,请你用英语拟定一份活动方案,内容包括:1.集合时间、地点;2.行程安排;3.注意事项。注意:1.词数应为80左右;2.文中不要出现真实校名、班级。

第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。(2021·山东济南高二期末)Onesunnyafternoon,Janes,aseven-year-oldgirlwhoseparentswenttotheirfarmtoharvestcorns,waslefthomewiththeirdog,Yeller.Feelingratherbored,shedecidedtogooutforanadventurealone.Withatoyguninherhandandawhistlearoundherneck,Janecrossedalargeareaofgrasslandintothewoodsbeforesherealizedthatshewaslost.Sittingonarockandwonderingwhattodo,Janebegancrying.Afterawhile,shedecidedtowalkalongawidepathlinedwithtalltreesandthickbushes.Itwasgettingdark,butshestillcouldn’tfindherwayhome.Suddenly,sheheardastrangenoise,whichwasactuallythesoundofwindblowingleaves.Sheranquicklyinthewoodsuntiltherewasnoroadaheadbutariver.Shelosthertoygunwhilerunning.Coldandscared,Janesatdownneartheriverandfellasleepagainstatree.Herparentswerebackfromworkbutcouldnotfindtheirdaughter.DeeplyworriedaboutJane’ssafety,theylockedthedoorandwentouttosearchforher.Theirdog,Yeller,wasleftathome.Henoticedsomethingwaswrongbecauseitwasdarkbuttherewasnobodyhome.HesensedthatJanewasindanger.Hetriedtogetout,butthedoorwaslocked.Hejumpedthroughawindow,lookedinthefieldsbutcouldn’tfindheranywhere.However,fromthegroundcameafamiliarsmellasheloweredhishead.Hefollowedthesmellandwalkedacrossthegrasslanduntilhefoundthetoygun.ButJanewasnotthere.Thedogcircledaroundthewoods,barkingloudlyintotheair.注意:续写词数应为150左右。JaneopenedhereyesandheardYellerbarkingnearby.

Weakandhungry,JanewalkedbackhomewithYellerleadingtheway.

答案：【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章分别介绍了美国的四座有着悠久历史的国家公园,也介绍了每个公园拥有的怡人风景。1.A细节理解题。根据四个国家公园的“DateofEstablishment”可知,SequoiaNationalPark为“September25,1890”,YosemiteNationalPark为“October1,1890”,MountRainierNationalPark为“March2,1899”,CraterLakeNationalPark为“May22,1902”。通过四个公园建立的时间的对比可知,SequoiaNationalPark是建立时间最早的,因此是最古老的。2.B细节理解题。根据YosemiteNationalPark标题下的“Betweenglaciallysculptedcliffsandthetoweringwaterfallsstretchingoutofthesideofthemountains”以及MountRainierNationalPark标题下的“glaciallandscape”可知,YosemiteNationalPark和MountRainierNationalPark这两座公园都有冰川风景。3.C细节理解题。根据CraterLakeNationalPark标题下的“Itsitsinthemiddleofadeadvolcano.”可知,CraterLake位于一座死火山的中心。【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。CynthiaPhillips给Koch老师打电话咨询在线学习工具的技术问题时,Koch通过Phillips的说话声音察觉到异样,意识到Phillips可能有麻烦。Koch给校长打电话,校长判断Phillips可能中风了。Phillips被及时送往医院,避免了严重后果的发生。4.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“HerwordsweresojumbledthatKochcouldbarelyunderstandher,thoughshewasabletomakeoutthatPhillipshadfallenfourtimesthatday.”可知,当Koch接到Phillips的电话后,她发现Phillips不能清楚地表达自己。5.D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Loveladyaskedhisofficemanagertosendanambulancetothegrandmother’shome.ThenLoveladycalledVandiebiltMathewsandKeytriaBurt-Walker,twodeansintheschooldistrict,totellthemwhatwasgoingon”可知,Lovelady对Phillips的病做了迅速的反应,帮助挽救了Phillips的生命。6.B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Thankstoanextendedstayinthehospital,shehasregainedmostofthemovementthroughoutherbodyexceptforonehandandaportionofhermouth,whichaffectsherspeech.”可知,中风给Phillips留下的一个坏影响是她说话不清楚。7.C代词指代题。根据“Manyteacherstheregavetheirpersonalphonenumberstostudentsandfamiliesincasetheyneededextrahelp.”可知,根据就近指代原则,此处的they指的是“studentsandfamilies”。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。2020年9月21日,科学家宣布,在过去40年里,北极海冰已经减少了三分之二。这是令人震惊的极地变暖趋势的一部分,已经在全球范围内产生影响。8.C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thisyear’sminimumwasreachedonSeptember15,at3.74millionm2comparedwiththepreviouslow—4.17millionm2—setin2007.”可知,第二段中的数字告诉我们海冰数量大幅下降。9.B细节理解题。第二段中提道:北极变暖会影响北极地区和更南部地区的气温差异。这可能反过来会造成更严重的高温、干旱、洪水以及对农业的潜在影响。我们所有人都将更多地受到气候崩溃的灾难性影响。由此可知,北极海冰消融会导致全球气候紧急情况。10.D主旨大意题。根据最后一段“WeneedtohittheresetbuttonrightnowonhowwelookaftereachotherandArcticseaicetohelpourplanetcopewiththeclimatebreakdown.”可知,最后一段主要呼吁公众保护北极海冰。11.C主旨大意题。通读全文可知,在过去40年里,北极海冰已经减少了三分之二。这是令人震惊的极地变暖趋势的一部分,已经在全球范围内产生影响。由此可知,“全球变暖导致北极海冰融化”最符合文章标题。【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。19岁才开始登山的阿诺特在第一次登山后就爱上了这项运动。之后,她全身心地投入到学习如何爬山和穿越高山之中。经过数次的困难和挑战,终于在2016年5月23日,32岁的阿诺特在没有使用氧气设备的情况下登上了珠穆朗玛峰。12.D细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“ItwasMay23,2016.Arnot,the32-year-oldmountainguide,reachedthetopofQomolangmawithouttheuseofoxygen(O2)equipment.”可知,2016年5月23日,32岁的阿诺特在没有使用氧气设备的情况下登上了珠穆朗玛峰峰顶。13.B细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Aftermyfirstclimbing,IknewimmediatelythatmountainsarewhatIwant—asthatiswhereIfelthomeforthefirsttimeinmylife.”可知,阿诺特爱上登山是因为登山让她第一次有家的感觉,即山给了她家一样的舒适和安慰感。14.A细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Arnotdidn’tstartclimbinguntilshewas19yearsold.”可知,阿诺特直到19岁才开始登山。15.A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句与第三句可知,阿诺特第一次爬山之后,她全身心地投入到学习如何爬山和穿越高山之中;虽然腿受了伤无法进行无氧登山,但她还是没有放弃登山,这说明了阿诺特非常有决心。根据最后一段最后一句中的“SomuchofArnot’slifehasbeenaboutpushingthelimitsofherabilities”可知,阿诺特一生的大部分时间都在挑战自己的能力极限,这说明了阿诺特非常勇敢。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了制定目标的重要性。16.D上文“Insteadoffocusingonthemoment,looktowardbiggergoalslikesuccessinschoolorsports.”指出我们要将眼光放长远。D选项“着眼于未来将有助于你现在的表现。”符合语境,且D选项中的“thefuture”与上文的“themoment”形成逻辑对比关系。故选D项。17.B上文“Writedownyourgoalsandhangthemupwhereyoucanseethemregularly.”说明要将自己设立的目标挂在显眼的地方以提醒自己。B选项“经常提醒自己你的目标。”符合文意。18.A根据下文“GetstraightA’s,keeppracticingguitaruntilyou’recomfortableenoughtoplayagig,orexercisefourtimesaweek.”可知,设空处内容应当和频率有关,且频率应当较高。所填的句子位于段首,应当起总领的作用,A选项“积极地保持你的目标。”可作为主题句。19.C通过上文主题句“Makesureyourgoalsarespecific.”可知,后面的句子应当与目标明确有关。C选项“一般性的笼统目标更容易忘记。”与前面的目标明确形成对比。20.F根据上文“Trysettingupapunishmentandrewardsystemforyourself.”可知,前面提到了奖励和惩罚,那么设空处应当讲述奖励和惩罚的一些方式、案例。F选项“如果你坚持一周严格节食,可以给自己一个‘放松日’。”正好是“奖惩制度”的体现。【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章结合作者一个人独自穿越北极的经历,最后指出人生需要的不是勒紧缰绳,而是放手,要相信冒险,体验大自然的乐趣。21.C根据下文“solonorthoftheArcticCircletotheSwedishLapland”可知,作者独自进行了长途旅行(traveled)。22.B根据下文“myfortiethbirthdayasadayIwaschainedwithmyofficework”可知,此处指作者不想回顾(lookedbackon)40岁生日时被看作是锁在办公室里的一天。23.Aliveone’slifetothefullest“充实的生活”。tothefullest意为“尽情地,最大限度地”。24.D根据下文“Iwouldbesafeonthejourney”可知,此处指作者让自己相信(convinced)旅途是安全的。25.D根据下文“WiththepackofHuskies,eruptingintheofbarksandhowls”可知,此处指作者怀疑自己是否有能力驾驭这些精力充沛的(energetic)狗。

26.B根据“begantocrackunderus”中的“crack”可知,此处指冰(ice)开始裂开。27.A根据下文“ofbarksandhowls”可知,在咆哮声中声音(