第03讲 选择性必修三~选择性必修四词汇（练习）（解析版）-2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）VIP

第02讲选择性必修3~选择性必修4词汇考点目录01模拟基础练【题型一】易考单词变形【题型二】核心单词拼写02重难创新练【题型一】阅读词汇和短语【题型二】完形词汇和短语03真题实战练题型一易考单词变形1．SinceZhangjiajie(improve)itstransportationandserviceforlong,thecitynowcanreceive36,200touristsperday.【答案】hasbeenimproving【解析】考查谓语动词时态及主谓一致。句意：由于张家界长期以来一直在改善其交通和服务，该市现在每天可以接待36200名游客。所给动词improve在since引导的原因状语从句中作谓语，根据时间状语forlong，并结合主句时态可知，该空应使用现在完成进行时，主语Zhangjiajie为单数名词，助动词应使用单三形式。故填hasbeenimproving。2．Chinahasbeenmoreandmore(influence)sincethereformandopening-up.【答案】influential【解析】考查形容词。句意：改革开放以来，中国的影响力越来越大。提示词作表语，用形容influential构成比较级，表明主语的性质和属性，意为“有影响力的”。故填influential。3．BaJingained(recognize)forwritingataveryyoungage,andtodayheisstillacknowledgedasoneofChina’sgreatestwriters.【答案】recognition【解析】考查名词。句意：巴金在很小的时候就因写作而获得认可，今天他仍然被公认为中国最伟大的作家之一。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用名词recognition“承认”，作gained的宾语。故填recognition。4．TheUNESCOWorldHeritageCenterrepeatedlyurgesthatsomeculturalrelicsinEgypt(restore)inordertopreventthemfromcollapse.【答案】(should)berestored【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)世界遗产中心为了防止埃及的部分文物倒塌，一再敦促对其进行修复。空处应填谓语动词，表示建议、要求或命令的动词urge/advise/suggest/command/demand,etc.其后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词应用(should)+动词原形，should可以省略，从句主语someculturalrelics与restore之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填(should)berestored。5．Haiku,aJapanesepoetry,hasaformatofthreelines,containing5,7,and5syllables(respective).【答案】respectively【解析】考查副词。句意：俳句是一种日本诗歌，有三行格式，分别包含5、7和5个音节。由句意空处应填副词形式，作状语，修饰containing。故填respectively。6．Itwasthestaff’sresolutionand(persevere)thathelpedthiscorporationcarrythroughitsgoalandsucceedeventually.【答案】perseverance【解析】考查名词。句意：是员工的决心和毅力帮助这家公司实现了目标并最终取得了成功。空处和名词resolution并列作强调句的主语，应用名词形式perseverance，perseverance为不可数名词，故填perseverance。7．Inmanycountries,ifsomeoneisaccusedofacrime,heorsheisconsidered(innocence)untilthecourtprovesthatheorsheisguilty.【答案】innocent【解析】考查形容词。句意：在许多国家，如果某人被指控犯罪，在法庭证明他或她有罪之前，他或她被视为无罪。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词innocent“无罪的”在句中作主语补足语。故填innocent。8．Hewasavictimof(race)prejudice.【答案】racial【解析】考查形容词。句意：他是种族偏见的受害者。修饰名词prejudice，需用形容词racial，作定语。故填racial。9．We’llhavereportersthereforyouallweeklongtokeepyou(update)onthestorm.【答案】updated【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们将在那里安排记者，为你提供整整一周的有关风暴的最新消息。设空处作宾语补足语，宾语you与动词update“给……提供最新信息”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，设空处填过去分词updated。故填updated。10．(nail)thetwoshelvestogether,shewipedawaythesweatandhadarest.【答案】Havingnailed【解析】考查现在分词。句意：把两个架子钉在一起后，她擦了擦汗，休息了一会儿。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，nail与逻辑主语she之间为主动关系，且发生在谓语动词wiped之前，所以此处使用现在分词的完成式，即havingnailed，且位于句首，having的首字母需大写。故填Havingnailed。11．Thechefsaidthemenu(adjust)tosuitlocaltastes.That’swhymorecustomerswerefloodingintotherestaurant.【答案】hadbeenadjusted【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：厨师说菜单已经调整以适应当地人的口味。这就是为什么越来越多的顾客涌入餐馆。空处应填谓语动词，由句意及That’swhymorecustomerswerefloodingintotherestaurant可知themenu与adjust之间为被动关系且动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填hadbeenadjusted。12．Itwasreallycoldoutside,butJethrostayedindoors(wrap)inawarmblanket(毯子)anddrinkinghotchocolate.【答案】wrapped【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：外面真的很冷，但叶忒罗裹着温暖的毯子呆在家里，喝着热巧克力。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语动词，固定短语bewrappedin表示“被包裹在”，wrap和Jethro逻辑上是被动关系，应用wrap的过去分词形式，和drinking并列，作方式状语，说明谓语行为发生的方式。故填wrapped。13．Hewentfromdoortodoor(find)apartnerwhocouldhelp.【答案】tofind【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他挨家挨户地寻找能够帮忙的伙伴。分析句子可知，空处应填动词不定式，在句中作目的状语。故填tofind。14．Onlyinretrospect(回顾)didthevalueofappreciatingamoviewithoutjudging,(accompany)bythejoyofsharingbecomeself-evidenttome.【答案】accompanied【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：只有回顾时，不加评判地欣赏一部电影，伴随着分享的喜悦，这种价值对我来说才变得不言而喻。分析句子可知，句子使用了部分倒装，已有谓语动词，空处是非谓语动词，accompany“伴随”和thevalueofappreciatingamovie逻辑上是被动关系，应用accompany的过去分词形式，作定语。故填accompanied。15．Togetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hours(study)andpracticing.【答案】studying【解析】考查动名词。句意：要想真正擅长某件事，一个人需要花费至少10000个小时的学习和练习。固定短语spendtime(in)doingsth：花费时间做某事，故填studying。题型二核心单词拼写16．Thereport(以……为基础)ontheresearchwaslaunchedlater.【答案】based【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：以该研究为基础的报告随后发布。根据汉语提示可知，base“以……为基础”，动词，和report之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填based。17．Shewasforcedtohaveherbaby(领养)aftershewassentencedtoprison.【答案】adopted【解析】考查过去分词。句意：她被判入狱后，被迫让人收养了她的孩子。根据提示的汉语，表示“领养”应为adopt，分析句子结构可知，此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构，herbaby与adopt之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填adopted。18．(任命)tobemanagerofthecompany,theyoungmanfeltexcited.【答案】Appointed【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被任命为公司经理，这个年轻人感到很兴奋。“任命”用动词appoint，与逻辑主语theyoungman之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。根据汉语提示及句意，故填Appointed。19．Tobeginwith,we’dfeel(荣幸)ifyoucouldmatchusaccordingtoouroralEnglishlevels,ratherthanpairusrandomly.【答案】privileged【解析】考查形容词。句意：首先，如果您能根据我们的英语口语水平给我们配对，而不是随意配对，我们会感到很荣幸。根据汉语提示“荣幸”可知，此处为形容词privileged，作表语。故填privileged。20．Shewassoconsideratethatshewalkedtocomfortthegirl(惊慌)bythenews.【答案】panicked【解析】考查动词。句意：她很体贴，走过去安慰那个被消息吓坏的女孩。根据汉语提示可知应用动词panic，与girl构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填panicked。21．Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimself(被锁在)intheroom.【答案】locked【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他清醒过来时，发现自己被锁在房间里了。“被锁在”作宾语补足语，用动词lock，与其逻辑主语himself之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填locked。22．Tofindoutthetruth,thepoliceofficershavetoconducta(详尽的)reviewofthecase.【答案】thorough【解析】考查形容词。句意：为了查明真相，警察们必须对这个案件进行详尽的审查。“详尽的”修饰名词review，用形容词thorough作定语。故填thorough。23．Lastweek,theteacher(布置)anessayaboutenvironmentalprotectiontothem.【答案】assigned【解析】考查动词。句意：上周，老师布置了一篇关于环境保护的作文给他们。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据提示的汉语，表示“布置”应为assign，根据时间状语lastweek可知，此处应为一般过去时，且与主语theteacher之间为主动关系，所以谓语动词应为assigned。故填assigned。24．Apersonmustshowsome(自制力)toreachthegoalofchange.【答案】discipline【解析】考查名词。句意：一个人必须表现出一定的自律才能达到改变的目标。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“自制力”应为discipline，且为不可数名词。故填discipline。25．Thereweresomeextraordinarily(逼真的，栩栩如生的)paintingsofEuropeondisplay.【答案】realistic【解析】考查形容词。句意：有一些非常逼真的欧洲绘画作品在展出。根据汉语提示和空后的paintingsofEurope可知，这里应用形容词realistic，作定语。故填realistic。题型一阅读词汇和短语阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A（2024·浙江·二模）Adiethighinproteinisoftenpromotedaspartofahealthylifestyle,andmanydietsencourageconsumerstoreducefatsinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainleanmuscle.ForthestudyinNatureMetabolism,BettinaMittendorferandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileincreasingtheproportionofproteinindailycalorieintakeisbeneficial,consumingproteintoomuchnotonlydoesn’taddtothedevelopmentofleanmusclebutcancauseunintendednegativehealtheffects.“Consumersarebeingledtobelievethattheycannevergettoomuchproteinintheirdiet,”saysMittendorfer.“However,ourresearchshowsthatspecificaminoacids(氨基酸),whicharethebuildingblocksofprotein,cantriggerheartdiseasethroughasignalingmechanismatthecellularlevelintheblood.”Anaminoacidfoundinanimal-proteinfoods,suchasbeef,eggs,andmilk,wasfoundtoberesponsibleforsignalingactivityincellsthattypicallyclearawayrubbishinbloodvessels.Asconsumptionofdietaryproteinincreases,sodoestheconsumptionofleucine(亮氨酸),thespecificaminoacidresponsiblefortriggeringthiscellularactivityintheblood.Whenfunctioningnormally,thesecellsworktokeepbloodvesselsfreefromplaque(血小板)buildup.Whentheirproductionbecomesoveractive,theresultingaccumulationofspentcellsinthevascularsystemcancausetheplaquebuildupandblockagestheyaresupposedtoprevent.Theresultinghardeningofthearteries(动脉)isaleadingriskfactorforheartattackandstroke.“OurhopeistoeventuallyfindtheGoldilocksapproachformaximizingthehealthbenefitsofdietaryprotein,suchasbuildingleanmuscle,whileavoidingthehealthdrawbacksfromoverconsumption.”saysMittendorfer.Theresearchersfoundthatconsumingmorethan22%ofdailycaloriesfromproteincarriesmoredownsideriskthandietarybenefit.Foranormaladult,20to30gramsofproteinpermeal,or60to90gramsofproteinperdayisadequatetosupporthealth.Thestudycombinedhumantrialswithexperimentsinmiceandcells.1．Whichofthefollowingisthefindingoftheresearch?A．Itisbeneficialtotakeinproteinindailydiets.B．Adiethighinproteinisalwaysconsideredasahealthylifestyle.C．Manyconsumersareinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainmuscle.D．Consumingproteintoomuchdoesn’tdogoodtotheleanmuscledevelopment.2．Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytocauseheartattackandstroke?A．Theplaquebuildup. B．Animal-proteinfoods.C．Thehardeningofthearteries. D．Overactivecellularactivityintheblood.3．Whatistheproperwaytomakegooduseofprotein?A．Totakeinproperamountofproteinpermeal.B．Toexerciseeverydayinordertobuildleanmuscle.C．Toconsumemorethan22%ofdailycaloriesfromprotein.D．Todomoreexperimentsinmiceandcellstoprovideevidence.4．Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?A．Itisconductedinarelativelyscientificway.B．Itfinallyfindsaproperapproachtokeepfit.C．Itistotallyagainstwhatpeoplehavebelieved.D．Itoffersadietstandardforpeopleofallagesallovertheworld.【答案】1．D2．C3．A4．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明了每日摄入过量蛋白质将导致心脏病、中风等疾病，并提出合理的蛋白质摄入量。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“ForthestudyinNatureMetabolism,BettinaMittendorferandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileincreasingtheproportionofproteinindailycalorieintakeisbeneficial,consumingproteintoomuchnotonlydoesn’taddtothedevelopmentofleanmusclebutcancauseunintendednegativehealtheffects.(BettinaMittendorfer及其同事在《自然代谢》杂志上发表的研究发现，虽然增加每日卡路里摄入量中蛋白质的比例是有益的，但摄入过多的蛋白质不仅不会促进瘦肌肉的发育，还会对健康造成意想不到的负面影响。)”可知，摄入过度蛋白质对身体健康不利。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Theresultinghardeningofthearteries(动脉)isaleadingriskfactorforheartattackandstroke.(由此导致的动脉硬化是心脏病发作和中风的主要危险因素。)”可推知，心脏病和中风直接的原因是动脉硬化。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据第七段中的“Foranormaladult,20to30gramsofproteinpermeal,or60to90gramsofproteinperdayisadequatetosupporthealth.(对于一个正常的成年人来说，每餐20至30克蛋白质，或每天60至90克蛋白质足以维持健康。)”可知，为了健康，成年人需要摄入适当量（20-30克）的蛋白质。故选A。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thestudycombinedhumantrialswithexperimentsinmiceandcells.(该研究将人体试验与小鼠和细胞试验结合起来。)”可知，该研究结合了人类的实验、和老鼠、细胞中的结论。整个研究相对科学、严谨。选A。B（2024·湖南·二模）TheCaliforniaseaotter(海獭),oncehuntedtotheedgeofextinction,hasstagedathrillingcomebackinthelastcentury.Now,scientistshavediscoveredthattheotters’successstoryhasledtosomethingjustasremarkable:therestorationoftheirdecliningcoastalmarsh(沼泽)habitat.ElkhornSlough,acoastalmarshwithinMontereyBay,hadbeenexperiencingseveredamage.Therootcausewasagrowingpopulationofshorecrabs,whichfedheavilyonthemarshplants,weakeningthestructuralintegrityofthehabitat.Coastalmarsheslikethesearenotonlynaturaldefensesagainststormwavesbutalsoserveasimportantcarbonstorageareasandwater-cleaningsystems.Theconservation-drivencomebackoftheseaotterhasbeencrucial.California’scoastlineswereoncealivewithseaotters.Sadly,theywerenearlywipedoutatthehandsoffurtraders.Inthe1980s,conservationeffortsaidedtheseottersinre-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange.Now,ElkhornSloughhasthehighestconcentrationofseaottersinCalifornia,withapopulationofabout100.Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,theottershavehelpedasignificantregrowthofplantlife.BrentHughes,ascientistworkingalongsideAngelini,ledathree-yearstudy.Theirfindingswereclear:inareaswithseaotters,crabnumbersfellmarkedly.Thisledtoaresurgenceinplantgrowth,whichinturnstabilizedthesoilandloweredtherateofsoilwashingaway.Astheseaotterpopulationcontinuestorestore,theirpositiveimpactoncoastalecosystemsislikelytoincrease.Itnotonlyshowcasestheseaotterasacentralspecies—aspeciesthathasasignificanteffectonitsnaturalenvironment—butalsohighlightstheessentialnatureoftoppredators(捕食者)inpreservingecologicalharmony.“Myhonestreactionwas—thiscouldbecomeaclassicintheliterature,”saysscientistLekeliaJenkins.Sherevealsmarshrestorationalsohelpspeoplebyreducingflooding.“Suddenly,seaottersgofromjustcutethingsweliketosomethingthatcanprotectourlivelihoodsandourproperties.”5．Whatchangedidthedisappearanceofseaottersbringabout?A．Fewerpredatorycrabs. B．Morecoastalplantlife.C．Betterwater-cleaningeffect. D．Worsecoastalecologicalbalance.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resurgence”inparagraph3mean?A．Barrier. B．Advancement. C．Expansion. D．Revival.7．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinquotingLekeliaJenkins?A．Tohighlighttheimportanceofcoastalmarshes.B．Tointroduceanewresearchstudyonseaotters.C．Todemonstratethepracticalbenefitsofseaotters.D．Toemphasizetheneedforincreasedconservationefforts.8．Whatmessageisconveyedfromseaotters’impact?A．Thenecessityforcontrolledhunting.B．Theinterconnectednessoftheecosystem.C．Thedrawbacksofwildlifereintroduction.D．Theneedforhumaninterventioninnature.【答案】5．D6．D7．C8．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍海獭的恢复历程及其对沿海沼泽生态系统的积极影响，强调了顶级捕食者在维持生态平衡中的重要作用。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ElkhornSlough,acoastalmarshwithinMontereyBay,hadbeenexperiencingseveredamage.Therootcausewasagrowingpopulationofshorecrabs,whichfedheavilyonthemarshplants,weakeningthestructuralintegrityofthehabitat.(埃尔克霍恩沼泽是蒙特利湾的一个沿海沼泽，已经遭受了严重的破坏。根本原因是岸边蟹的数量不断增加，它们以沼泽植物为食，削弱了栖息地的结构完整性。)”可知，海獭的消失导致了沿海生态平衡的恶化。故选D项。6．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,theottershavehelpedasignificantregrowthofplantlife.(通过以螃蟹为食，水獭帮助了植物的再生。)”说明水獭通过以螃蟹为食，可以帮助植物的再生，从而推知划线词句“Theirfindingswereclear:inareaswithseaotters,crabnumbersfellmarkedly.Thisledtoaresurgenceinplantgrowth,whichinturnstabilizedthesoilandloweredtherateofsoilwashingaway.(他们的发现很明确：在有海獭的地区，螃蟹的数量明显下降。这导致了植物生长的resurgence，反过来又稳定了土壤，降低了土壤被冲走的速度。)”其中划线词应为“复苏”的意思，与D项同义。故选D项。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘Myhonestreactionwas—thiscouldbecomeaclassicintheliterature,’saysscientistLekeliaJenkins.Sherevealsmarshrestorationalsohelpspeoplebyreducingflooding.‘Suddenly,seaottersgofromjustcutethingsweliketosomethingthatcanprotectourlivelihoodsandourproperties.’(科学家LekeliaJenkins说：‘我的真实反应是，这可能会成为文学经典。’她透露，沼泽恢复也通过减少洪水来帮助人们。‘突然之间，海獭从我们喜欢的可爱动物变成了可以保护我们生计和财产的动物。’)”可知，作者引用LekeliaJenkins的话是为了展示海獭对人类的实际益处，如减少洪水灾害等。故选C项。8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Astheseaotterpopulationcontinuestorestore,theirpositiveimpactoncoastalecosystemsislikelytoincrease.Itnotonlyshowcasestheseaotterasacentralspecies—aspeciesthathasasignificanteffectonitsnaturalenvironment—butalsohighlightstheessentialnatureoftoppredators(捕食者)inpreservingecologicalharmony.(随着海獭数量的持续恢复，它们对沿海生态系统的积极影响可能会增加。它不仅展示了海獭作为一个关键物种——一个对自然环境有重大影响的物种——而且突出了顶级捕食者在维护生态和谐方面的本质)”可知，文章通过展示海獭对沿海生态系统的积极影响，传达了生态系统之间相互联系的信息。故选B项。题型二完形填空词汇和短语阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2024·河北·一模）Myworkincancerresearchwasgeneratingalotofwasteeveryday.Asourresearchturnedtofullcapacity,ourwasteproduction1.Iwenttomyadviserandsuggestedtheideaof23D-printedlabtoolsoutofsomeofourwaste.She3meandthenIsecuredfundingtopurchaserecyclingequipment.Butaftermonthsof4,theprojectdidn’tgoasIhadimaginedandprogressedslowly.Soitwasawelcome5whenmyco-workersbrainstormedotherwaystoreduceourenvironmental6Wecreatedagrouptopushforgreenerwaysto7.Webeganmeetingmonthlytocomeupwithsolutions.Overthefollowingmonths,we8newrecyclingbinstoeachlabsothatourplasticwastecouldbesorted9.Wecreatedrulesforeachdevicetobeenergy-efficient.I’mstilldisappointedthatIcouldn’tfullyrealizemy3D-printing10.Iamstubbornenoughtokeeptrying.ButI’vealsolearnedthatifoneapproachisn’tworking,sometimesit’sbestto11andlookforothersolutions.I’mthankfulthatwiththehelpofthe12communityaroundme,weareabletodothat.Iencouragescientistseverywheretothinkaboutwaystoreducethe13impactoftheirownresearch.Theworkwedoisimportant.Butweshouldalsodoourparttobeassustainableaswecan.Afterall,what14doesoursciencehaveif,ultimately,thereremainsno15planetwecancallourhome?1．A．returned B．declined C．stabilized D．rocketed2．A．creating B．buying C．borrowing D．renting3．A．suspected B．criticized C．encouraged D．comforted4．A．struggle B．discussion C．training D．confusion5．A．source B．relief C．target D．success6．A．distribution B．option C．phase D．footprint7．A．cure B．defend C．operate D．negotiate8．A．commented B．introduced C．moved D．knocked9．A．properly B．typically C．naturally D．annually10．A．recipe B．prevention C．vision D．association11．A．setoff B．speakout C．holdon D．stepback12．A．local B．academic C．final D．new13．A．fundamental B．historical C．environmental D．financial14．A．significance B．possibility C．fortune D．depth15．A．broad B．supportive C．different D．particular【答案】1．D2．A3．C4．A5．B6．D7．C8．B9．A10．C11．D12．B13．C14．A215．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在癌症研究工作中意识到每日产生大量废物的问题，并试图通过3D打印实验室工具来回收利用部分废物。尽管初期项目进展不顺利，但团队成员共同努力，采取了诸如增加分类回收箱、制定节能规则等措施减少环境足迹。作者还鼓励科学家们要保护好地球，不要因为科学研究对地球造成伤害。1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着研究全面展开，我们的废弃物产量大幅增加。A.returned返回；B.declined下降；C.stabilized稳定；D.rocketed迅速上升的。根据上文“Asourresearchturnedtofullcapacity”下文“Iwenttomyadviserandsuggestedtheideaof23D-printedlabtoolsoutofsomeofourwaste.”可知，作者的研究工作也会产生废弃物，随着他们研究工作全面展开，他们工作产生的废弃物会迅速上升。故选D。2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我去找导师并提出了用我们的一些废弃物创造3D打印的实验室工具的想法。A.creating创造；B.buying购买；C.borrowing借用；D.renting出租。根据空后“3D-printedlabtoolsoutofsomeofourwaste”以及“Isecuredfundingtopurchaserecyclingequipment”可知，作者觉得研究中产生的废弃物太多，所以他找导师建议用这些废弃物来创造3D打印的实验室工具。故选A。3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她鼓励了我，然后我成功获得了购买回收设备的资金。A.suspected怀疑；B.criticized批评；C.encouraged鼓励；D.comforted安慰。根据句中“Isecuredfundingtopurchaserecyclingequipment”可知，作者的导师同意了他的建议，并鼓励了他，让他成功获得了购买回收设备的资金。故选C。4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是经过了几个月的努力，该项目并没有按照我想象的方式进行，进展缓慢。A.struggle努力；B.discussion讨论；C.training训练；D.confusion混乱。根据句中“theprojectdidn’tgoasIhadimaginedandprogressedslowly”可知，虽然作者努力了几个月，但是这个项目并没有像他想象的那样进展顺利。故选A。5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以当同事们集思广益提出其他减少我们环境足迹的方法时，这无疑是一个让人松一口气的事。A.source来源；B.relief(焦虑、痛苦等的)减轻；C.target目标；D.success成功。根据下文“whenmyco-workersbrainstormedotherwaystoreduceourenvironmental6”可知，作者的方法并没有起作用，所以当同事们提出其他的方法时，作者感到松了一口气。“relief”表示在困境中得到帮助或找到新方法的轻松感。故选B。6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以当同事们集思广益提出其他减少我们环境足迹的方法时，这无疑是一个让人松一口气的事。A.distribution分布；B.option选项；C.phase阶段；D.footprint脚印。根据上文“Iwenttomyadviserandsuggestedtheideaof23D-printedlabtoolsoutofsomeofourwaste”可知，同事们也提出一些减少环境足迹的方法。“footprint”在此指的是我们研究活动对环境造成的影响。故选D。7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们成立了一个小组，力推更加绿色的方式来运作实验室。A.cure治愈；B.defend保卫；C.operate操作；D.negotiate谈判。根据下文“Webeganmeetingmonthlytocomeupwithsolutions.”可知，作者的团队成立了一个小组，来改进实验室操作方式以减少对环境的影响。故选C。8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来几个月，我们在每个实验室都引入了新的回收箱以便我们的塑料废弃物能够被正确地分类。A.commented评论；B.introduced引入；C.moved移动；D.knocked敲。根据空后“newrecyclingbinstoeachlab”可知，作者的团队以更加绿色的方式来改进实验室的操作，所以他们是引入了新的回收箱。故选B。9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：接下来几个月，我们在每个实验室都引入了新的回收箱以便我们的塑料废弃物能够被正确地分类。A.properly正确的；B.typically通常地；C.naturally自然地；D.annually每年地。根据上文“we8newrecyclingbinstoeachlab”可知，作者的实验室引入了新的回收箱，为了能够正确的给塑料废弃物分类。故选A。10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：至今仍感到失望的是，我未能完全实现我的3D打印设想。A.recipe配方；B.prevention预防；C.vision想象；D.association协会。根据上文“Butaftermonthsof4,theprojectdidn’tgoasIhadimaginedandprogressedslowly.”可知，作者以前提出的3D打印的设想并没有实现，所以他感到非常的失望。故选C。11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但也认识到，如果一种方法行不通，有时候最好后退一步，寻找其它解决方案。A.setoff出发；B.speakout说出；C.holdon继续；D.stepback后退一步。根据下文“andlookforothersolutions”可知，作者的方法在努力之后依然行不通，所以他觉得有时候需要后退一步，寻找新的方法。故选D。12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激，在周围学术社区的帮助下，我们能够做到这一点。A.local本地的；B.academic学术的；C.final最终的；D.new新的。根据上文“I’mthankful”可知，作者能够做到这些是因为其他的学术社区帮助了他。“academiccommunity”指的是科研领域内的同行和团队。故选B。13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我鼓励各地的科学家们都去思考如何减少自己研究的环境影响。A.fundamental基础的；B.historical历史的；C.environmental环境的；D.financial财政的。根据上文的“whenmyco-workersbrainstormedotherwaystoreduceourenvironmental6”可知，作者鼓励科学家们要思考如何减少自己的研究对环境的影响。故选C。14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，如果我们最终没有一个可以称为家园的可持续发展的星球，那么我们的科学又有什么意义呢？A.significance意义；B.possibility可能性；C.fortune财富；D.depth深度。根据下文“if,ultimately,thereremainsno15planetwecancallourhome”可知，作者觉得如果地球遭到了破坏，那么科学研究就没有意义了。故选A。15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，如果我们最终没有一个可以称为家园的可持续发展的星球，那么我们的科学又有什么意义呢？A.broad宽的；B.supportive支持的；C.different不同的；D.particular尤其的。根据全文语境可知，如果地球遭到了破坏，不再是一个能支持生命存在、适合人类居住的可持续发展的星球，那么科学研究也没有了意义。此处的“supportiveplanet”指能支持生命存在、适合人类居住的可持续发展的星球。故选B。（2024年浙江卷1月阅读理解A篇）TomSawyerPlayIsanAdventureA35-minutehand-clapping,foot-stompingmusicalversionofaMarkTwainfavoritereturnswiththisTallStacksfestival.“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”hasallthegoodstuff,includingthefencepainting,thegraveyard,theislandandthecave.ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.That’sthelocalstagewritingteamthatcreatesmanyoftheChildren’sTheatreofCincinnati’soriginalmusicals,alongwiththeholidayfamilymusicalsatEnsembleTheatre.ThisyearNathanTurnerofBurlingtonisTomSawyer,andRobbieMcMathofFortMitchellisHuckFinn.Tumer,a10th-graderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati’sstages.HeisastaractorofChildren’sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“TheWizardofOz,”andisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Ragtime”.McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof“TomSawyer”whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.ThissummerheattendedKentucky’sGovernor’sSchoolfortheArtsinMusicalTheatre.Notetoteachers:Children’sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaughtthrough“TomSawyer.”Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren’sTheatre.1.Whowrotethemusicfor“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”?A.DavidKisor. B.JoeMcDonough.C.NathanTurner. D.RobbieMcMath.2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwoactors?A.Theystudyinthesameschool. B.Theyworkedtogetherin”Ragtime“.C.Theyareexperiencedonstage. D.Theybecamefriendstenyearsago.3.WhatdoesChildren’sTheatreprovideforteachers?A.Researchfunding. B.Trainingopportunities.C.Technicalsupport. D.Educationalresources.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍由马克·吐温的作品所改编的音乐剧《汤姆·索亚：河上历险记》。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.(本剧由乔·麦克多诺改编，大卫·基索作曲。)”可知，本剧是由大卫·基索作曲的。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Tumer,a10th-graderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati’sstages.HeisastaractorofChildren’sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“TheWizardofOz,”andisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Ragtime”.(Tumer是一名创意与表演艺术学校的10年级学生，是辛辛那提舞台上的常客。他是儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角，也是新泽西制作公司‘Ragtime’的新成员。)”可知，Tumer是辛辛那提舞台上的常客，儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角；根据第五段中的“McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof“TomSewyer”whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.(McMath是比奇伍德高中的三年级学生。他是《汤姆·休厄》首演时的演员，也是儿童剧院的常客，演出了五场。)”可知，McMath也是儿童剧院的常客；综合以上信息可知，这两位演员在舞台上经验丰富。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Notetoteachers:Children’sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaughtthrough“TomSawyer.”Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren’sTheatre.(给老师们的提示：儿童剧院有一份学习指南，展示了如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学。如欲下载课程，请访问儿童剧院官方网站。)”可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了一份学习指南，展示如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学，可通过儿童剧院的网站下载课程；由此可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了教育资源。故选D项。（2022·新高考II卷阅读理解C篇）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.""Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckint