2024高考英语一轮统考复习第二编语法突破专题10数词和主谓一致学案含解析外研版

PAGE专题十数词和主谓一样1.(2024·天津高考，8)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,________(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.答案：wasgivenAaswellasB作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由A，也就是本题中的Amy确定；由lastweek可知give表示的动作发生在过去，且Amy与give之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。2．(2024·浙江高考，56)Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody________(have)toworryaboutfashion(时尚).答案：has/willhave空格前面的从句为一般现在时，主句谓语动词应当用一般现在时或者一般将来时。而句子主语nobody是第三人称单数，所以当句子为一般现在时态时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。3．(2024·江苏高考，22)Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers________(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.答案：hasgiven句意：这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去三个月里共演出了10场。依据时间状语inthelastthreemonths可知，句子用现在完成时；当主语后接alongwith构成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一样，故此处用hasgiven。4．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ，64)Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit________(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.答案：isit指代上文提到的“runningregularly”，由says可知，本句用的是一般现在时，it是第三人称单数，故用is。5．(2024·天津高考，6)Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,________(be)regardedasoneofthebestall­roundformsofexercise.答案：is当主语后面接由alongwith引起的短语时，谓语动词应和alongwith前面的主语保持一样；这里描述的是客观事实，故用is。6．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ，67)Fastfood________(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.答案：isfastfood“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不行数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。此处描述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。7．(2024·江苏高考，24)ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which________(be)bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens'statusasaleadingnovelist.答案：was关系代词which指代的是先行词GreatExpectations，是一本书，再依据strengthened可知需用一般过去时。故用was。8．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ，短文改错)Then,whenIwasinthefivegrade,Iwantedtobeateacher.__________________________________________________________________答案：five→fifth“上五年级”有两种表达方式：inthefifth/5thgrade或inGrade5/Five。9．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ，短文改错)Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell.__________________________________________________________________答案：include→includes句中that用作主语，指代learning，是第三人称单数，所以将include改为includes。10．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday,Itookdrivinglessons.__________________________________________________________________答案：eighteen→eighteenth表示“第十八个生日”应用序数词。数词1．基数词的用法(1)基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语和表语。ThreeofushavebeentoGuangzhou.I'dliketwosweatersformydaughter.Thedeskisforyoutwo.—Howoldareyou?—I'mtwelve.(2)基数词表示详细数目时，hundred,thousand,million用单数。在表示“数百”“数千”“数百万”等不确定数目时，在hundreds,thousands,millions后接“of＋名词复数”。TheGreatWallisoversixthousandkilometerslong.Thosemountainsarethousandsofmetreshigh.(3)表示“几十”的基数词的复数形式，可用来表示某人的岁数或年头。HewenttotheUnitedStatesinhistwenties.(4)“基数词＋名词”构成的合成形容词作定语，其中的名词用单数。atwo­monthholiday两个月的假2．序数词的用法(1)序数词前要加定冠词the,在句中作定语放在被修饰的名词前。Thesecondlessonismoredifficultthanthefirst.(2)序数词前加不定冠词a/an，表示“再一，又一”的意思。Shecouldnotgothroughthatasecondtime.(3)给东西编号时，序号在前用序数词，序号在后用基数词。TheFifthLesson/LessonFive第五课No.14middleschool十四中[留意]房间号码和电话号码要一个一个分别读。Room203(读作roomtwoothree)754662(读作sevenfivefourdoublesixtwo)(4)分数表示法分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是1时，分母用单数；分子大于1时，分母用复数。eq\f(1,4)one­fourth或aquartereq\f(3,4)three­fourthseq\f(1,2)ahalf或onehalfeq\f(2,5)two­fifths1eq\f(1,5)oneandone­fifth3．年份、日期、时刻读法(1)年份/四位数通常分两组来读1996读作nineteenninety­six1905读作nineteenofive或nineteenandfive2000读作twothousand(2)日期用序数词表示July3rd读作JulythethirdNovember25th读作Novemberthetwenty­fifthDecember1st读作Decemberthefirst世纪也用序数词表示：the20thcentury(3)时刻时刻有两种读法：一是干脆读数字，先说钟点数，后说分钟数；二是先说分钟数，后说钟点数。用介词past表示几点过几分(不超过半小时)或用to表示几点差几分(超过半小时，还差多少分钟到下一个钟点)。4：10fourten/tenpastfour5：15fivefifteen/aquarterpastfive6：30sixthirty/halfpastsix7：45sevenforty­five/aquartertoeight主谓一样主语和谓语一样，主要是谓语动词必需和作主语的名词或人称代词在人称和数上保持一样。主谓一样通常有语法一样、意义一样和就近一样三个原则。主谓一样的常考点语法一样的常考点and连接两个或两个以上单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数LucyandLilyaretwinsisters.manya,morethanone接单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数①Manyafamouspopstarhasbeenruinedbydrugs.②Morethanoneworkerhasfinishedthetask.关系代词作主语，定语从句中谓语动词的数取决于先行词①I'mreadytodoallthosethingswhicharemorechallenging.②Theytooktheonlyfreetable,whichwasjustinsidethedoor.主语后有with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,besides,aswellas,ratherthan,but,including,inadditionto等短语时，谓语动词的数与短语前的名词或代词的数保持一样①They,togetherwithmyfather,havegonetoWashington.②Tom,aswellashisparents,goestoBeijingforavisit.③Lily,ratherthanhertwosisters,wasadmittedintoTsinghuaUniversity.动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。注：what引导的主语从句中，假如表语是复数，谓语动词用复数①Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.②Whetherwe'llgodependsontheweather.③Whatwehavetocarryisaheavybox.④Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.意义一样的常考点“thenumberof...”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“anumberof...”作主语时，谓语动词用复数①ThenumberoftravellerstoLondonhasdroppedby100,000.②AnumberoffactorieshavebeenmovedoutofBeijing.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数①2,500milesisalongdistance.②Twohoursistooshortforthevisit.国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专出名词作主语，谓语动词用单数TheUnitedStatesisalargecountry.分数，百分数，all,some,most,therest,theremaining,partof等作主语时，谓语动词的数依据of后的名词确定①Therestoftheworkersarestillverytired.②Therestoftheoilwaswasted.③Alotofstudentsarecomingtothemeeting.④Alotofworkistobedonetopreparefortheconference.⑤Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.“the＋形容词”表示一类人/物时，谓语动词用复数；表示抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数①Manyofthewoundedweresenttohospitalimmediately.②Thebeautifulislovedbyall.意义一样的常考点family,class,enemy,team,group,government等集体名词若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若侧重其成员，谓语动词用复数①Ourteamwinsfirstinthegame.②Myfamilyaregoingonatripthissummer.population表示人口时，谓语动词用单数；当其前有分数、百分数修饰时，表示全体居民，这时谓语动词用复数①Thepopulationofthatareaisabout29million.②Athirdofthepopulationnowsmokeinthiscountry.就近一样的常考点由or,either...or,neither...nor,not...but,notonly...butalso等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数要与靠近的主语的单复数保持一样①Washeoryouabletopersuadeher?②NeitherhenorIamgoingtothecinema.therebe句型或herebe句型后面是并列主语，be在数上与邻近的主语保持一样Thereisabookandmanypencilsonthedesk.续表主谓一样的特别状况“one/either/eachof＋复数名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数①OneofthejudgeswasTVpresenterDawnPorter.②Eitheroftheplansisequallydangerous.“oneandahalf＋复数名词”作主语，表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数Oneandahalfhoursisenough.“It＋be＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”强调句型中，假如被强调部分是主语，that/who后谓语动词与被强调部分的人称和数保持一样Itistheywhohaveworkedthereforfiveyears.“themajorityof＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“aquantityof＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一样；而“quantitiesof＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数①Themajorityofboyslikefootball.②Quantitiesofmoneyhavebeenspentinbringingupthechildrensincetheyweremarried.③Alargequantityofairconditionershavebeensoldsincethesummercame.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·惠州市高三第一次调研考试试题)Partoftheprofitfromsales________(be)availablefortheEverestPeakeersAssociationwhichhashelpedcollectrubbishoffthemountain.答案：is依据语境可知，此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；该句主语为“Partoftheprofitfromsales”，表示单数概念，应填is。2．Thegovernment________(believe)thatpeoplewhodon'thavetheInternetcangetleftbehindtheirfriendswhodo.答案：believes本句中的“Thegovernment”指政府这个整体，表示单数意义，故谓语动词运用单数形式，填believes。3．(2024·中心民大附中月考)E­mail,aswellastelephones,________(play)animportantpartindailycommunication.答案：plays/isplaying句意：电子邮件，还有电话在日常交际中起着很重要的作用。aswellas连接主语时要遵循“承前一样”的原则，应与E­mail保持一样，答案为plays/isplaying。4．Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts________(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagers.答案：hascaused动名词短语作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。依据语境可知该句子应用现在完成时。5．Nothebutyou________(be)tobefired.AndnotonlyyoubutalsoIamtobefiredthistime.答案：arenot...but连接并列主语，谓语依据“就近一样”原则，故填are。6．(2024·黑龙江双鸭山市第一中学高三月考)NeitheryounorInoranybodyelse________(know)anythingaboutit.答案：knows依据前面的neither...nor...结构可知，谓语动词实行“就近原则”，故与anybodyelse保持一样，填knows。7．ThepopulationofJiangsu________(have)growntomorethantwicewhatitwasin1949.Thefigureisnowapproaching74million.答案：hasThepopulationof...“……的人口”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。8．(2024·河北省衡水中学高三二调考试)Sheopeneditandletoutadeepbreath.Insideit________(be)twosharpknives.答案：were介词inside在句首时，句子倒装，主语是twosharpknives，是复数，与之保持一样谓语动词应用复数，且这里表示过去发生的事情，故填were。9．—Whyisthechemicalplantclosed?—Becauselargequantitiesofwastewater________(release)intotheYangtzeRiver.答案：havebeenreleased“(large)quantitiesof＋不行数名词/可数名词”作主语，谓语动词需用复数。依据化工厂被关闭这一语境可知，大量的废水已经被排放到长江，故用现在完成时的被动语态。10．AteacherofEnglishandclassteacher________(tell)ussomethingaboutvolunteerworkersnow.答案：istelling句意：一位英语老师兼班主任正给我们讲一些关于志愿者的事情。本句的主语是AteacherofEnglishandclassteacher，这是一位老师，既是英语老师也是班主任。所以谓语动词运用单数形式。Ⅱ.单句改错1．ReadingaloudareveryimportantinlearningEnglish._____________________________________________________