专题03-高二期末磨尖卷-2022-2023学年下学期(新高考专用)解析版

专题03高二期末磨尖卷本试卷共10页，满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．WhatwillAngiedofirst?A．Playsoccer B．Tidyupherroom C．Finishherhomework【答案】B【原文】M:Areyoufinishedwithyourhomework,Angie?Let’sgokicktheball.W:First,Ihavetocleanmyroom,Tom.Ifyouhelpmeout,we’llbeabletoplaysooner.2．Whatdidthespeakerssayabouttherestaurant?A．Theyarebothdisappointedbytherecentchanges.B．Thechefandthefoodarethebestaround.C．It'soneoftheirfavoriteplacestoeatin.【答案】A【原文】M:Iusedtolovethisrestaurant.Foryears,theyhadthebestItalianfoodintown.W:Iagree.Itwasalsooneofmyfavoritesuntiltheyredecoratedandhiredanewchef.3．WhatdoesBilllikeverymuch?A．Englishlessons. B．Musicalinstruments. C．Singingsongs.【答案】B【原文】W:Mr.Jones,yourstudentBillshowsgreatenthusiasmformusicalinstruments.M:IonlywishheshowedhalfasmuchfortheEnglishlessons.4．WhatkindofbusinessdoesDavid’sfather’scompanydo?A．Computerprogramming.B．Electronicengineering.C．Clothingdesign.【答案】C【原文】W:IheardDavid’sfatherdecidedtoretire.DoyouthinkDavidwilltakeoverhisfather’scompany?M:I’mnotsure,buthestudiedcomputerprogrammingincollegeandgotamaster’sdegreeinelectronicengineering.Youknowheisn’tkeenonfashiondesign.5．Whatmakesthewomanhavesuchaneleganthaircut?A．Attendinganimportantpartywithherparentstonight.B．Attendingavitalpartywithherfriendstonight.C．Attendingherimportantfriend’sweddingtonight.【答案】B【原文】M:Marin,youlookgreattodayandsobeautiful,Iloveyoureleganthaircut.W:Gray,Iwillattendanimportantdinnerpartytonight,soImustmakemethefocusofmyfriends.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面5段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6、7两个小题。6．Whyisitanimportantdayfortheman?A．Hewillsignanagreement.B．Hewillattendawedding.C．Hewillpickupanimportantguest.7．Whatcoloristhetiethemanwillwear?A．Red. B．Blue. C．Grey.【答案】6．A7．B【原文】M:Where’smyredtie,dear?TheoneIworeatAnn’swedding.W:Idon’tknow.Allyourtiesareinthedrawer.Lookforitthere.M:Ifoundit!Itwasinmybag.W:Youlooknicetoday.Whyareyouwearingthatredtie?Anotherwedding?M:No.Animportantguestiscomingtoourcompany.We’llhaveabusinessmeetingandsignanagreement.It’sabigdayforme.W:It’sindeedimportant.Butthattiedoesn’tgowiththatgreysuit.Ilikethisblueone.Tryiton.M:Hmm,itlooksmuchbetter.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。8．Whydoesthewomaninvitethemantothebeach?A．Torelax. B．Toseeawhale. C．Togatherplastic.9．Whowilldealwiththegarbage?A．Thecommunity. B．Thegovernment. C．Arecyclingcompany.10．Whatisthewomanlike?A．Lazy. B．Responsible. C．Energetic.【答案】8．C9．C10．B【原文】W:Kevin,let’sgotothebeach!M:Thebeach?I’mtoolazytogothere.Whydon’twegosomewhereelse,Betty?W:Thereissomecommunityworktobedonethere.Wecancleanupthebeach.⑪Wecancollectalotofplasticgarbage,too.M:Whatfor?It’sthegovernment’sresponsibility.Besides,whyshouldwecollectalloftheplasticgarbage?W:Kevin,youdon’tknowtheharmtheplasticdoestotheocean.Plasticcanpollutetheoceanand,inturn,harmfishandotheroceanlife.Weshouldcareaboutwhathappenstotheocean.Didn’tyouhearaboutthatdeadwhale’sstomachthatwasfullofplasticgarbage?M:Oh,yes.Iheardaboutthat.Butwhatwillwedowiththeplasticgarbagewecollect?W:Wewilltakealloftheplastictoacompanythatcanrecycleit.M:Isee.听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。11．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeaker?A．Co-workers B．Friends C．Strangers.12．whydoesthewomanthinkthedogmightbearound?A．Shesawitwalkpast.B．Shehearditbarknearby.C．Shemetitatherneighbor’s.13．Whatfeaturedoesthedoghave?A．It’slarge. B．It’syellow. C．It’sspotted.【答案】11．C12．B13．C【原文】M:Miss,I’msorrytobotheryou.Haveyouseenaloosedogaroundhere?Anoldwomanintheneighborhoodcalledintosaythatshelosthim.W:No,officer.Ihaven’tseenanydogswalkingpast.M:Ifyouthinkofanythingorseeit,pleasegiveusacall.I’llbeaskingotherneighbors.W:Nowthatyoumentionit,thedogmightbearoundtheneighborhood.Ididhearbarkingaboutanhourago.Justincase,whatkindofdogisit?Idon’twanttomistakemyfriend’slargeyellowdogforthisone.M:It’sasmallwhitedogwithblackspots.ThewomansaidhisnameisFrodo.听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17三个小题。14．Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?A．He’slosthisway. B．He’slostsomething. C．He’sgoingtothehospital.15．Wheredoesthemanwork?A．Inatown. B．InLondon. C．Inahospital.16．Whydoesthemancometothetown?A．Todobusiness. B．Tohaveaholiday. C．Tofindajob.17．Wherearethespeakersnow?A．Onthewaytothehospital B．OnthewaytoLondon. C．Onthewaytoatown.【答案】14．A15．B16．B17．C【原文】W：CanIhelpyou?Haveyoulostsomething?M:No.Ihavenotlostanything,butIamnotsureoftheway.W:Wheredoyouwanttogo?M:Intotown.AmIgoingtherightway?W:No,I’mafraidnot.Thiswaytakesyoutothehospital.M:AmIgoingtherightwayifIturnback?W:Yes.Icanshowyoutheway.I’malsogoingintotown.M:IhopeI’mnotmakingyoulate.W:Oh,no.Iamnotinahurry.Areyouastrangerhere?Onavisitperhaps?M:Yes.I’masecretarywithabiggovernmentofficeinLondonandI’monholidaynow.W:I’msureyouarenotheretoseethesights.Thistownisjustfullofindustry.Thebuildingsareveryugly.M:IworkinLondon.ButIcomefromthecountry.Imissthecountrylifeonthefarmandtheanimals.Ijustwanttogetahotelroomintown,andthenvisitthecountryside.听下面一段独白，回答第18至第20三个小题。18．WhatdoesthewomanplantodowithSharon?A．Todohomeworktogether.B．Togotoseeafilm.C．Togotoschool.19．Whereisthewoman’sreportcard?A．Inherschoolbag. B．AtSharon’s. C．Attheteacher’soffice20．WhattroubledoesthewomanhavegotinherSpanish?A．Shealwayshandsinherassignmentsintime.B．Shewasconfusedbysomeverbsonherlasttest.C．ShefindsitisapieceofcakeforhertolearnSpanish【答案】18．B19．A20．B【原文】W:Dad,canIgotoseeamoviewithSharon?M:Yeah,sure,butwait.Weren’tyousupposedtogetareportcardsometimethisweek?W:Well,ohyeah.CanIcallSharonnow?M:Uhhum.Youdidn’tanswermyquestion.Didyoureceiveitornot?W:Iloveyou,Dad!You’rethebest!M:Don’ttrytobuttermeup.Icanguessthatyouranswermeansthatyoudidn’tdowellinsomeofyourclasses,right?(butterup:阿谀奉承)W:Well,IhateEnglishandmyEnglishteacherissoboring.M:Inotherwords,you’renotdoingsowell?W:Uh,aC...minus.Thecardisinmybag.M:Oh.well,howareyoudoinginyourSpanishclass?Yousaidyoulikethatone.W:Well,Ido,butIforgottoturninacoupleofassignments,andIhadproblemsonthelasttest.Alltheseverbscausedmuchtrouble.Igetthemallmixedupinmyhead!第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheInternationalConsumerElectronicsShow(CES)haschangedinrecentyearsbecauseoftheCOVID-19pandemic.Lastyear,anonlineversionoftheeventwasheldforthefirsttime.Thisyear,thephysicalshowreturnedtoLasVegas,Nevada.Butthenumberofattendeesdecreasedbyabout70percent.CESisproducedbytheConsumerTechnologyAssociation.It’sknownastheplacewheremanycompaniesacrosstheglobeshowtheirmostup-to-datetechnologyofferings.HereisalookatsomeofthetopproductspresentedatCES2022.Labrador’sassistiverobotRobotmakerLabradorannouncedthelaunchofitsRetrieverrobot.Thesmall,self-drivingmachineisdesignedtoholdthingsand,asitsnamesuggests,alsoretrieve(取回)things.Therobotcanbecontrolledbyvoicecommandsorfromanapponaphone.Itcanalsobeprogrammedbasedonanexactmapofauser’shome.ThecompanysaystheRetrieverisdesignedtoserveasanextrapairofhandsandlightentheloadofeverydaytasksinthehome.AirSelfiecameraElectronicsmakerAirSelfielauncheditsup-to-dateself-flyingcameradesignedtotake“selfie”pictures.Thenewdevice,calledAirPix,isasmall,lightcamerathatfliesthroughtheairandtakeshigh-qualityphotographsandvideos.Avideoonthecompany’swebsiteexplainsthatAirPixcanfly,frameandtakepicturesallbyitselfbeforelandingbackontheuser’shand.Self-drivingtractorAmerican-basedfarmequipmentproducerJohnDeerepresentedafullyself-drivingtractor.Thecompanysaysthevehicleisequippedwithsixdifferentcamerasandaseriesofsensorstoguidethetractorthroughthefields.Farmerscancontrolthevehicleandseethetractor’sprogressinrealtimethroughamobiledevice.JohnDeeresaystheconceptistohelpfarmersdomoreworkwithfewertoolsandotherpeople.21．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrueaboutCES?A．Itisusuallyheldoffline. B．Ithasattractedmoreattendeesthisyear.C．ItisintendedforAmericancompanies. D．Itisheldannuallybothonlineandoffline.22．WhoaremostlikelytobeinterestedinLabrador’sassistiverobot?A．Photographers. B．Cleaners. C．Housewives. D．Farmers.23．WhatdoAirSelfiecameraandtheself-drivingtractorhaveincommon?A．Theybothhavealightcamera. B．Theybotharereallyverysmart.C．Theybothhelpwithfarmwork. D．Theycomefromthesameproducer.【答案】21．A22．C23．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍的是2022年国际消费电子展上所展示的一些顶级的产品。21．细节理解题。根据首段中的“TheInternationalConsumerElectronicsShow(CES)haschangedinrecentyearsbecauseoftheCOVID-19pandemic.(近年来，由于COVID-19大流行，国际消费电子展（CES）发生了变化)”以及下一句“Lastyear,anonlineversionoftheeventwasheldforthefirsttime.(去年，该活动首次在线上举行)”可知，通常情况下，CES活动是在线下举行的。故选A项。22．推理判断题。根据Labrador’sassistiverobot部分的“ThecompanysaystheRetrieverisdesignedtoserveasanextrapairofhandsandlightentheloadofeverydaytasksinthehome”.(该公司表示，“猎犬”旨在作为额外的一双手，减轻家中日常任务的负担)”可知，该机器人是帮助减轻日常任务负担的。由此推知，家庭主妇最有可能对这款机器人感兴趣。故选C项。23．细节理解题。根据AirSelfiecamera部分的“Avideoonthecompany’swebsiteexplainsthatAirPix.canfly,frameandtakepicturesallbyitselfbeforelandingbackontheuser’shand.”.(该公司网站上的一段视频解释说，AirPix可以自行飞行、构图和拍照，然后再落回用户的手上)”以及Self-drivingtractor部分的“Thecompanysaysthevehicleisequippedwithsixdifferentcamerasandaseriesofsensorstoguidethetractorthroughthefields.(该公司表示，该车辆配备了六个不同的摄像头和一系列传感器，以引导拖拉机穿过田野)”可知道这两款机器人很智能化。故选B项。BZhuDejun’sfirstjobaftergraduatingfromcollegewasasaroaddesignengineerataninstituteinhishometown,AlshaaLeague,NorthChin’sInnerMongoliaautonomousregion.In2011,whenZhuwasconductingaroadsurveyalongwithhiscolleagues,hesawaplantthathedidn’trecognize.Later,Zhulearnedthattheplantwasasaxaultreewhichisanexcellenttreespeciesforsandfixationandafforestation(造林)indesertareas.It’scommonlyseen,thougheasilyignored.Knownasadesertguardian,afullygrownsaxaultreecanholdtogethera10-square-meterpatchofdesertland,accordingtoZhu.Zhuquithisjobatthedesigninstitutein2014andjoinedanonprofitorganization,theSocietyofEntrepreneursandEcologyConservation,orSEE,inthesameyear,concentratingontacklingdesertification.Theorganization,devotedtoecologicalprotectionandsocialresponsibility,waslocatedintheAlshaaLeagueofInnerMongolia.Duringthepasteightyears,ZhuhasbeenleadingateamfromSEEtoplantsaxaultreesinsandyareasinAlshaaLeagueandotherplacesofInnerMongolia.In2014,theSEElaunchedaprojecttitled“onemillionsaxaultrees”,aimingtoreachthatnumberfrom2014to2023,turningthedesertofmorethan133,330hectaresbackintoasatisfyingecosystem.Bytheendof2018,halfoftheorganization’sgoalhadbeenachieved.In2016,AntFinancecooperatedwithSEEtointroducetheAntForestplatform,notonlyencouragingpeopletochoose“alow-carbonway”ofshopping,travelingandliving,butalsotohelpcontroldesertification.Throughtheparticipationofagreaternumberofonlineusers,whogrowvirtualtrees,theSEEFoundation,setupin2008,hasbeenprovidingsubsidies(补助金)forlocalherdsmenandfarmerswhilealsoofferingtechnologicalsupporttoplantsaxaultreesindesertareas.Now,Zhuistheheadofthefoundation’sprojecttofightdesertification.Healsogiveslecturesaboutsaxaultreesandthefightagainstdesertificationatschools,hopingtoraiseawarenessamongyoungpeople.24．WhatdidZhuDejundofirstaftergraduation?A．Heresearchedonsaxaultrees.B．Hejoinedanonprofitorganization.C．Hefoundwaystofightdesertification.D．Hefocusedonroaddesignengineering.25．WhyaresaxualtreesplantedbyZhu’steam?A．Theyareeasilytakencareof.B．Theycangrowfastindeserts.C．Theyareperfectforholdingwater.D．Theycanfightdesertificationeffectively.26．WhatdidSEEdotocontroldesertification?A．TheyteamedupwithAntFinance.B．Theyplantedonemillionsaxaultrees.C．Theyheldonlinelecturesondesertification.D．Theyencourageddonationfromonlineusers.27．HowcanonlineusershelpZhu’steam?A．Byprovidingsubsidies.B．Byraisingawareness.C．Byplantingtreesonline.D．Byofferingtechnologicalsupport.【答案】24．D25．D26．A27．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了朱德军(音译)以及他的同事们种植沙柳树，努力对抗沙漠化，保护环境的故事。24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“ZhuDejun’sfirstjobaftergraduatingfromcollegewasasaroaddesignengineerataninstituteinhishometown,AlshaaLeague,NorthChina’sInnerMongoliaautonomousregion(朱德军大学毕业后的第一份工作是在家乡内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟的一家研究所担任道路设计工程师)”可知，朱德军毕业后做的第一份工作是道路设计工程师。故选D项。25．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Later,Zhulearnedthattheplantwasasaxaultreewhichisanexcellenttreespeciesforsandfixationandafforestation(造林)indesertareas.It’scommonlyseen,thougheasilyignored.Knownasadesertguardian,afullygrownsaxaultreecanholdtogethera10-square-meterpatchofdesertland,accordingtoZhu.(后来，朱得知这是一种沙柳树，是沙漠地区固沙造林的优良树种。这很常见，但很容易被忽视。据朱说，一棵完全生长的沙柳树被称为沙漠守护者，它可以将10平方米的沙漠土地连成一片。)”可知，沙柳树是帮助固沙造林的树种。故选D项。26．细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“In2016,AntFinancecooperatedwithSEEtointroducetheAntForestplatform,notonlyencouragingpeopletochoose“alow-carbonway”ofshopping,travelingandliving,butalsotohelpcontroldesertification.(2016年，蚂蚁金服与SEE合作推出了蚂蚁森林平台，不仅鼓励人们选择“低碳方式”购物、旅行和生活，还帮助控制荒漠化。)”可知，SEE与蚂蚁金融合作发起了蚂蚁森林平台。故选A项。27．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“Throughtheparticipationofagreaternumberofonlineusers,whogrowvirtualtrees,theSEEFoundation,setupin2008,hasbeenprovidingsubsidies(补助金)forlocalherdsmenandfarmerswhilealsoofferingtechnologicalsupporttoplantsaxaultreesindesertareas.(通过更多种植虚拟树木的在线用户的参与，2008年成立的SEE基金会一直在为当地牧民和农民提供补贴，同时也为在沙漠地区种植沙包树提供技术支持。)”可知，网络用户可以在网上种植虚拟树来参与保护活动。故选C项。CCouldschoolexamsofthefuturebetakenonline?

Ofqual,theorganisationthatmakessureexamsinEnglandarefair,islookingatthepossibilityofonlinetestingforpupils.Ofqualsaysitwillexploretheuseofonlinetestingoverthenextthreeyears.TheplanscouldbethefirststeptowardsonlineGCSEsandA-levels—theexamstakenattheendofhighschoolandbeyond.Atthemomenttheideaisinitsearlystages,butOfqualsaysitwantsto“exploretheroleofadaptivetesting”—whenonlineexamswouldautomaticallyadjusttosuitapupil’sabilitylevel.Currently,exampapersaresenttoschoolswherepupilssitinalargehall,onaspecificdate,tocompletethetestsonpaper.Ofqualsaysthepandemichighlightedhowthisisnotsuitableunderallcircumstances.Ofqualisn’tgoingtorushtomakebigchanges.OfqualchairIanBauckhamsaid:“Allproposedchangesneedtobecarefullyassessedfortheirimpactonstudents,includingthosewithspecialeducationalneedsanddisabilities.”GeoffBarton,generalsecretaryoftheAssociationofSchoolandCollegeLeaders,welcomedtheplanstomoveawayfromexampapers.“Ourcurrentrelianceonapen-and-paperexamsystem,organisedonanindustrialscale(规模)withstrictsecurityarrangementsaroundthetransportationandstoringofpapers,ishopelesslyoutdated.”MaryBousted,jointgeneralsecretaryoftheNationalEducationUnion,saidthatagreaterrolefortechnologywas“worthresearching”butthatpublicopinionshowedmanypeoplefeltusing“examsalone”wasoutdated.Shewouldliketoseeabroaderwayofmeasuringpupils’abilities,suchasgradingtheworkpupilsdoinclassandforprojects.“Education,andtheproofofwhatastudenthasachievedintheirtimeatschoolandcollege,isaboutfarmorethanshowingwhatcanberememberedinanend-of-courseexam.Gradesandassessmentsshouldreflectthis,otherwise,wearedoingyoungpeopleadisservice,”shesaid.28．WhatwillOfqualdo?A．CancelGCSEsimmediately.B．Explorethepracticalityofonlineexams.C．OfferA-levelstoprimaryschoolstudents.D．Ensurethefairnessofthequalificationsystem.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph3probablyreferto?A．Makingbigchanges.B．Specialneedseducation.C．Thetraditionalwayoftesting.D．Carryingoutadaptivetesting.30．WhatisIanBauckham’sviewonthepen-and-paperexam?A．Itshouldbegraduallytransformed.B．Itisunfriendlytodisabledstudents.C．Itisstillaperfectassessmentmethod.D．Itrequiresstrictersecurityarrangements.31．WhatwouldMaryBoustedmostprobablysupport?A．Offeringalloftheexamsonline.B．Stoppinggradingstudentsinclasses.C．Collectingpeople’sopinionsonexams.D．Adoptingvariousformsofassessment.【答案】28．B29．C30．A31．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了确保英国考试公平的组织Ofqual正在研究学生在线考试的可能性，并且有关人士提出，针对学生能力的衡量，应该不仅仅局限于考试，应该采用各种形式的评估28．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Ofqual,theorganisationthatmakessureexamsinEnglandarefair,islookingatthepossibilityofonlinetestingforpupils.(确保英国考试公平的组织Ofqual正在研究学生在线考试的可能性。)”可知，Ofqual是探索在线考试的实用性的组织。故选B。29．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Currently,exampapersaresenttoschoolswherepupilssitinalargehall,onaspecificdate,tocompletethetestsonpaper.(目前，试卷被送到学校，学生们在特定的日期坐在一个大厅里完成试卷考试。)”和划线句“Ofqualsaysthepandemichighlightedhowthisisnotsuitableunderallcircumstances.(Ofqual表示，疫情凸显了这种做法并非在所有情况下都适用。)”可知，划线词this指代上文提到的传统的考试方式。故选C。30．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Ofqualisn’tgoingtorushtomakebigchanges.OfqualchairIanBauckhamsaid:“Allproposedchangesneedtobecarefullyassessedfortheirimpactonstudents,includingthosewithspecialeducationalneedsanddisabilities.”(Ofqual不会急于做出重大改变。Ofqual主席IanBauckham说:“所有提议的改革都需要仔细评估它们对学生的影响，包括那些有特殊教育需求和残疾的学生。”)”可知，IanBauckham认为关于传统的笔试是需要不断变化的，但是该种变化不是立即做出的重大改变，而是逐渐地改变，因为要考虑到对所有学生产生的影响。故选A。31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“MaryBousted,jointgeneralsecretaryoftheNationalEducationUnion,saidthatagreaterrolefortechnologywas“worthresearching”butthatpublicopinionshowedmanypeoplefeltusing“examsalone”wasoutdated.Shewouldliketoseeabroaderwayofmeasuringpupils’abilities,suchasgradingtheworkpupilsdoinclassandforprojects.(全国教育联盟联合秘书长玛丽·鲍斯特德(MaryBousted)说科技发挥更大作用是“值得研究的”，但民意显示，许多人认为“只使用考试”已经过时了。她希望有一种更广泛的方法来衡量学生的能力，比如对学生在课堂上和项目中完成的工作进行评分。)”可知，MaryBousted认为只用考试去衡量学生的能力已经过时，应该使用更广泛的衡量方法来进行衡量即采用各种形式的评估。故选D。DThe“butterflyeffect”maybereal,whichisusedtodescribeseeminglyinsignificanteventsthatcanhaveunplannedconsequences.Buttheremightbeamoreliteral“butterflyeffect”takingplacerightbeforeoureyes,scientistssuggest.Accordingtonewresearch,insectsactuallycarryelectricalchargeswhichcanhaveenormouseffectsontheatmosphere,potentiallyinfluencingeventheweather.ThefindingswerepublishedMondayinthejournalScience.Beforeyoucanunderstandthat,youhavetounderstandhowelectricalchargesintheatmospherework.TheEarth’satmospherealwayscarriesanelectricalchargetoalesserorgreaterdegree,whichscientistsrefertoasthePotentialGradient(PG).Scientistsconcludedthatatmosphericelectricityisprimarilydrivenbynaturalweathereventslikethunderstormsandshowerclouds,thoughfactorslikehumanpollutionalsoaffectit.Researchers,therefore,wanttoknowhowelectricalchargesimpactclouds.Toconfirmthathoneybeescarryelectricalcharges,researchersplacedanelectricalfieldmonitornearaswarmof(一群)honeybeesneartheUniversityofBristol.Theyalsoplacedacontrolmonitorinafieldwheretherewerenobeeswarms.Themonitornearthebeeswarmpickedupanincreaseinelectricalchargewhereasthecontrolmonitordetectednosucheffect,confirmingtheirassumption.Second,theresearcherswantedtocalculatetheinsects’electricaleffectsontheatmospherecomparedtotheelectricalimpactsofnaturalweathereventslikecloudsandduststorms.Theycalculatedtheelectricalchargeofthreedifferenttypesofinsectswarms.Mostsurprisingly,insects’electricalchargescanhavejustassignificantanimpactonatmosphericelectricityasnaturalweatherevents.Theknowledgethatinsectsimpacttheatmosphere’selectricityhasbiggerimplicationsforscience.PGaffectsthe“movementofaerosols(气溶胶)intheatmosphere,andleadstochargingofdropletsinsomeclouds,”accordingtoHunting.Insectswarmslikelywon’tdriveweathereventslikethunderstorms,buttheycouldimpactthemovementoftheseatmosphericaerosols.Furtherresearchwilldiveintothispreviouslyunexploredfieldofscientificresearchandmaygobeyondinsects,sinceorganismslikebirdsandmicrobesalsocarryelectricalcharges.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A．Thebackgroundoftheresearch.B．ThepublicationofjournalScience.C．Theworkofelectricalchargesinatmosphere.D．Theelectricaleffectsofinsectsonatmosphere.33．Howdidresearchersconducttheprocessofexperiments?A．Byusingstatistics. B．Byanalyzingcauses.C．Byintroducingconcepts. D．Bymakingcomparisons.34．Whichhastheleastelectricaleffectsontheatmosphere’selectricity?A．Humanpollution. B．Showerclouds.C．Thethunderstorms. D．Theinsectswarms.35．Whatcanwelearnabouttheresearchfromthepassage?A．Insectswarmsarelikelytodrivethunderstorms.B．Naturalweathereventsleadtochargingofdroplets.C．BothPGandinsectswarmsaffectthemovementofatmosphericaerosols.D．Researchershavemadecontrolledexperimentbetweeninsectsandorganisms.【答案】32．D33．D34．A35．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项新的研究，昆虫携带的电荷会对大气产生巨大影响,甚至可能影响天气。32．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Accordingtonewresearch,insectsactuallycarryelectricalchargeswhichcanhaveenormouseffectsontheatmosphere,potentiallyinfluencingeventheweather.(根据新的研究，昆虫实际上携带电荷，会对大气产生巨大影响，甚至可能影响天气)”可知，研究发现，昆虫可能带有电荷，会对大气产生影响。代词“that”通常指代上文中的内容，所以“that”指代的内容为昆虫携带的电荷对大气的影响。故选D项。33．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Themonitornearthebeeswarmpickedupanincreaseinelectricalchargewhereasthecontrolmonitordetectednosucheffect,confirmingtheirassumption.(蜂群附近的监视器检测到电荷增加，而控制监视器没有检测到这种影响，证实了他们的假设)”可知，研究发现有峰群的区域电荷增加，而没有峰群的区域未监控到电荷的变化，由此可知，该研究是采用比较的方法进行的。故选D项。34．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Scientistsconcludedthatatmosphericelectricityisprimarilydrivenbynaturalweathereventslikethunderstormsandshowerclouds,thoughfactorslikehumanpollutionalsoaffectit.(科学家得出结论，大气电主要由雷暴和阵雨云等自然天气事件驱动，尽管人类污染等因素也会影响它)”以及倒数第三段中的“Mostsurprisingly,insects’electricalchargescanhavejustassignificantanimpactonatmosphericelectricityasnaturalweatherevents.(最令人惊讶的是，昆虫的电荷对大气电的影响与自然天气事件一样重要)”可知，昆虫的电荷与自然天气事件对大气电的影响是一样的重要，所以人类污染对大气电的影响是最小的。故选A项。35．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“PGaffectsthe“movementofaerosolsintheatmosphere,andleadstochargingofdropletsinsomeclouds,”accordingtoHunting.(根据Hunting的说法，PG影响“大气中气溶胶的运动，并导致某些云中的液滴充电”)”可知，PG影响大气中气溶胶的运动，根据下文中的“Insectswarmslikelywon’tdriveweathereventslikethunderstorms,buttheycouldimpactthemovementoftheseatmosphericaerosols.(昆虫群可能不会驱动雷暴等天气事件，但它们可能会影响这些大气气溶胶的运动)”可知，昆虫群可能会影响这些大气气溶胶的运动，由以上内容可以推断，PG和昆虫群都会影响大气气溶胶的运动。故选C项。第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyonegetsangry.Ifyou’reexperiencinghugeanger,though,itcouldbedamagingyourmentalandphysicalhealthaswellasyourrelationshipswithothers.Uncontrolledangercanbepotentialproblems,suchasangermanagementissuesormentaldisorder.___36___Tocontrolyouranger,youcantrytotakethefollowingmeasures.Takeabreakassoonasyourecognizethatyou’reangry.Youcantakeabreakbystoppingwhatyou’redoing,gettingawayfromwhatmakesyouannoyedorjusttakeadeepbreath.___37___Visualizeahappyplace.Ifyoustillhaveadifficulttimecalmingdown,imagineyourselfinasceneyoufindincrediblyrelaxing.___38___Focusonimaginingeverydetailofthisplace:thelight,thenoises,thetemperature,theweather,thesmells.Keepthinkingofyourhappyplaceuntilyoufeelcompletelyimmersed(浸没于)init,andhangoutthereforafewminutesoruntilyoufeelcalm.Practicepositiveself-talk.Changethewaythatyouthinkaboutsomethingfromnegativetopositive.___39___Afteryouhavegivenyourselfamomenttocalmdown,“discuss”thesituationwithyourselfinpositiveandrelievingterms.___40___Sometimessharingyourconcernswithaclosefriendmighthelpyouvent(发泄)youranger.Clearlyexpresswhatyouwantfromtheotherperson.Ifyoujustwanttoventyouranger,stateatthebeginningthatyoudon’twanthelporadvice,justsympathy.Ifyou’relookingforasolution,lettheotherpersonknow.A．Askforthesupportofsomeoneyoutrust.B．Positivethinkingcanhelpyourelieveyourangerinahealthyway.C．Keepexercisinguntilyoufeelthatyouhaveregainedcontrol.D．Itcouldbeanyplacethatmakesyoufeelathomeandpeaceful.E．Soit’simportanttocontrolyouremotionsandcalmyourselfdown.F．Rememberthatyoudonothavetorespondtoasituationimmediately.G．Gettingawayfromwhatisupsettingyouwillmakeiteasiertocalmdown.【答案】36．E37．G38．D39．B40．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些能帮助读者控制愤怒的方法。36．根据上文“Uncontrolledangercanbepotentialproblems,suchasangermanagementissuesormentaldisorder.(无法控制的愤怒可能是潜在的问题，比如愤怒管理问题或精神障碍。)”可知，无法控制愤怒会带来很多问题。选项E“Soit’simportanttocontrolyouremotionsandcalmyourselfdown.(所以控制情绪、让自己冷静下来很重要。)”既承接上文表明控制情绪很重要，又引出下文“Tocontrolyouranger,youcantrytotake