04-选择性必修第四册Unit-1综合检测(人教版2019)

2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版2019)选择性必修第四册Unit1综合能力检测听力(共两节,满分30分)（略）第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)ACity:HangzhouLaunched:2008Size:2,965stations/69,750bikesPrice:$32.61deposit(押金)+timechargeWhiletakingalookatthiscity,youmayseethebestbikesharingintheworld.Asthesecondontheplanetbysize,theHangzhouPublicBicycleSystemisoneofthemostcommonandusefulshares,largelybecauseit’scombinedwithpublictransportation:asinglecardcanbeusedinsubway,bus,taxiandbikesharing.Residentsandtouristscanputdownadepositof200ChineseYuan(about$33)andrideforanhourforfreeinthissceniccity.Eachadditionalhourcostsonly$0.15.Itwasalsothefirstnew-generationbike-sharingsysteminChina.By2021it’sprojectedtohave175,000bikes.City:BarcelonaLaunched:2007Size:420stations/6,000bikesPrice:$61.93peryearBarcelona’sBicyclingProgramdevelopedSpain’sbike-sharingbusinessinabigway.Thisprogramtookofflikewildfireonwheels,andbecamefourtimesbiggerinoneyear.Itinspireddifferentcopycatprogramsalloverthecountry.Today,Spainhas132bike-sharingsystems.Theprogramisoneoftheworld’smostrespectedandpopularshares.Butitisonlyopentoresidentsandtouristsarenotallowedtouseit.City:ParisLaunched:2007Size:1,751stations/23,900bikesPrice:$38.52peryear/$2.26perdayParis’sbike-sharingisthestaroftheworld.Launchedin2007,itistheworld’slargestoutsideofChina.CheapbyAmericanstandards,youcanridearoundParisona1.7daypass—thefirsthalfhourofeachtripisfree.Becausethissystemcoversthecitywithanaverageof50stationspersquaremile,it’safavouritewithbothlocalsandtourists.21.WhatdoweknowaboutBarcelona’sBicyclingProgram?A.IthasdriventhedevelopmentofSpain’sbike-sharing.B.Ithasoncebeenruinedbyfireaccidents.C.Itispopularamongtravellers.D.Itconsistsof175,000bikes.22.HowmuchshouldyoupaytorideasharedbikeinParis?A.Nothingforanhour. B.$61.93peryear.C.$2.26perday. D.$1.7perday.23.WhatdotheHangzhouPublicBicycleSystemandParis’sbikesharinghaveincommon?A.Theyareopentobothlocalsandtourists.B.Thehavethesameamountofstations.C.Theywerefoundedinthesameyear.D.Theyrequireadepositofover$30.BOurhumanancestorsmayhavebeensophisticated(老练的)toolusers1.76millionyearsago.NewlydiscoveredhandaxesfromthatperiodaretheoldestexamplesofthecomplexAcheuleanculture,350,000yearsolderthanthepreviousrecordholders.Theseancienttoolscouldaffectwhatweknowabouthumanity’sdeparturefromAfrica.“AnthropologistsconsidertheAcheuleanhandaxestobethecultureofourancestorHomoerectus,andweknowHomoerectusfirstevolvedaround1.8or2millionyearsago,”studyresearcherChristopherLepreofColumbiaUniversitysaid.“Ithinkmostresearcherswereanticipatingthatolderstoneaxeswouldbefound.”Andnowthey’vefoundthem.MultipleexamplesoftheseAcheuleanhandaxes,whichweremadefromchippedvolcanicrockfromanearbystream,werefoundatasiteontheshoreofLakeTurkanainKenya.Theexcavationteam,ledbyHeleneRochefromtheUniversitédeParisinFrance,surveyedfivesitesintheareaandfoundtoolsfromanoldercultureoftooluse,theOldowanculture,withvaryingdegreesofsophistication.TheOldowantoolsthattheresearchersdiscoveredwerecrudestoneflakes,sharpenedtotheedge.TheAcheuleanhandaxes,ontheotherhand,haveadefinedteardroporovalshape.LepresaidthisindicatesthatHomoerectushadtheabilitytoconceptualizethesizeandshapeofthetoolintheirminds,andthenreproduceitoutofstone.Theaxebladeswereheldinthehandandwereprobablyusedtobutcherzebrasorgiraffes,tobreakbonesandscrapehides,orasdiggingtoolstoreachvegetablessuchaspotatoes.ThestudyappearsinThursday’sissueofthejournalNature.24.Accordingtothenewdiscovery,ourancestorsusedtoolsyearsearlierthanthepreviousrecordholders.

A.1.76million B.2millionC.350thousand D.167thousand25.TheAcheuleanhandaxesdiscoveredweremadefrom.

A.volcanicrockfromKenyaB.bigstonesfromFranceC.bronzemadeinAmericaD.crudestoneflakesfromAfrica26.Theunderlinedword“this”inthefifthparagraphrefersto.

A.theAcheuleanhandaxesB.thestoneaxessharpenedtotheedgeC.theOldowantoolsmadefromcrudestoneflakesD.thedefinedteardroporovalshapeoftheAcheuleanhandaxes27.Thetextismostlikelytobefoundinabookabout.

A.naturescienceB.historicaleventsC.successfulpeople D.politicalsystemsCQueLiuandhiswifeSiEnspendtheirmorningspickingPu’erleavesinaforestnotfarfromtheirvillageinthehighlandsofsouthwestChina.Pu’erisakindofteathatisfamousforitscomplextaste.Tealoverssayitstastechangeswitheachfollowingsteeping(浸泡).ButthecropthisyearhasbeensmallatNannuoshan,oneofthesixmajorPu’ermountainsinYunnanProvince.Thehottestweatherandlowestrainfalltotalsinyearshavereducedproduction.“Droughthascutproductionbyabouthalfthisspring,”saidZiSai,thesonofQueLiuandSiEn.Localofficialsblameclimatechangeforanincreaseindrought-likeconditionsinrecentyears.Thedryweatherhasworsenedoverthepast20years,withthisyear’sdroughtbreakingsomerecords.“Theentirerainfallpatternhaschangedduetoglobalwarming,”saidXiaoChan,headofweatherservicesatChina’sNationalClimateCenterinBeijing.Pu’ertreesgrowinthecloud-coveredforestsofYunnan.Thetreesrequirenofertilizersorpesticides(农药),unliketheteatreesgrownonlargefarmselsewhere.Theadultplantnormallyreachesaheightoffourmeters.Springproducesthehighest-qualityleavesfromthetrees.Thesummerharvest,withahigherpercentageofwater,isconsideredtobelowerinquality.Summerleavesaresoldformassconsumption.Thedroughtconditionshurttheeconomyofthe32villagesofNannuoshan.“MyfamilydependswhollyonPu’erteaforsurvival,earningabout200,000yuanayear,”saidZiSai’suncle,SiDa,whois44.“Thatrepresentsjustover28,000yuan.Thisyear,ourincomehasbeencutbytensofthousandsofyuan.”Whileoneancienttree,saidtodatefrom800yearsago,survivedthedrought,otheryoungertreesdidnot.“Ifthesekindsoftreessurvive,theymayneedthreetofiveyearsforafullrecovery.”SiDaadded.“Thesetreesarequitepitiful.Theyshouldhavebeenprotectedlikechildren.”28.HowistheclimateinthePu’erteaplantingareasinrecentyears?A.Itistoowet.B.Itismuchcolder.C.Itischangingregularly.D.Itisbecomingmuchdrier.29.What’stheadvantageofPu’ertreesinthecloud-coveredforestscomparedwiththeteatreesplantedonotherbigfarms?A.Theyareshortandsmall.B.Theyarepollution-free.C.Theygrowonlargefarms.D.Theyarepickedatallseasons.30.WhatdoesSiDathinkoftheyoungerteatrees?A.Theywereeasytoliveon.B.Theyshouldhavebeentakengoodcareof.C.Theytookonlyashorttimetofullyrecover.D.Theyhadbetterbecutdowntoearnmoney.31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Theextremeweatherruinsteafarms.B.FamousteainChinamightdisappear.C.Fewteatreessurvivenaturaldisasters.D.DroughthurtsPu’erteacropsinChina.DItissaidthatmanybraintrainingproductsisabletokeepusmentallyfit.Someproductsevenclaimthatbraintrainingcanpreventdementia(痴呆)inoldage.Manysuchproductsareonlymoney-makingrubbish.Also,thereisnoscientificproofthatgamesorotherbrainexercisescanhavethiseffect.ThatiswhattheGermanInstituteforQualityandEfficiencyinHealthCare(IQWiG)pointedout.Aswegetolder,ourthinkinggetssloweranditisharderforustolearnnewthings.Manypeopletrytostaymentallyfitby,forexample,learninganewlanguageordoingcrosswordpuzzles.Computergamesthataimtokeepthebrainactivearealsobecomingincreasinglypopular.“Doingexercisesliketryingtofindsymbolsonacomputerscreenasfastaspossiblecanactuallyimproveyourreactiontime,”explainsProfessorPeterSawicki,theInstitute’sDirector.“Butscientificstudieshaveshownthatbraintrainingonlyleadstoanimprovementinoneaspectthatitisaimedat.Soifyoulearntofindsymbolsquickly,itdoesnotmeanthatyouwillbeabletoimproveyourmemory.”Researchhasnotshownthatbraintrainingcankeepuporenhance(加强)people’soverall(全面的)mentalabilitiesascommonlythought.“Sothereisnoneedtofeelbadifyoudonotenjoybraintraining:therearenohealthreasonsfordoingit,”saysSawicki.“Butifyouthinkbraintrainingexercisesareinteresting,youcantryoutdifferentthings.Forexample,completingtheorderofletterscanimproveyourlogicskills.Andpracticingwordassociationtechniquescanhelpyoutorememberthingsbetter.Youcandoallofthesethingsathomeonyourown.”32.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebraintrainingproductsaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyareexpensive.B.Theyareeffective.C.Theyareharmfultothebrain.D.Theyareunreliable33.AccordingtoPeterSawicki,braintrainingexercisescan.

A.onlyimproveacertainabilityofpeopleB.helpallpeopleimprovetheirmemoryC.keepthebrainactiveforalongertimeD.onlyimproveyourreactiontime34.Thelastparagraphshowsthatbraintrainingexercisesshouldbedone.

A.whenyoucan’tlearnnewthingsB.inarelaxingwayC.understrictinstructionsD.whenyourthinkinggetsmuchslower35.Onthewhole,researchersthinkthatbraintrainingexercises.

A.aren’taseffectiveascommonlythoughtB.arejustdesignedforyoungpeopletohavefunC.maybenefitpeopleinsomeindirectwaysD.shouldn’tbeencouraged第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)Peoplehavealwayswantedtoknowwhatthefuturewilllooklike.Then,howcanwe?36Theworldhaschangedalotinthelast150years,butwehumansaredrivenbythesamebasicneedsaswewere150yearsago,suchasfood,sleep,thefeelingofbeingappreciatedandloved.37No.Inaddition,generallyspeaking,theinventionsforthelast150yearshavebeenahumaneffortforfreedomandcommunication,tobeabletogetincontrolofthetimeandworld.Sincethereisstillmuchtodointhisarea,thiswillbethefocusatleastforthenext150years.

Butwhydoweneedtopredictthefuture?Predictingthefutureisimportantfortworeasons:First,weneedtostarttothinkaboutwhatkindoffuturewewouldlikeforourselvesandtopassontothenextgeneration.38

Howaboutthevirtualworlds?Itmightbeinthefuturetoexperiencethesandbetweenyourtoes,andhearthewaves,justlyinginyourbedathome.39So,evenifagreatinventionisthereforanaffordableprice,it’llnevertaketheplaceofthecommonexperienceifitisnotreal.

40Whatwe’llseeinthenext50yearsisthetransition(过渡)fromanoil-dependentsocietytoanewsociety.Herethere’llbenewmedicine,continuedexplorationofspace,challengesintheclimatechange,andnewinventionsthatmakelifealittleeasier.

A.Willthischangeinthenext150years?B.Sowhatwillthefuturelooklikethen?C.Predictingthefuturecanhelpusinmanyways.D.Well,tounderstandthefuture,youmustknowthepast.E.However,you’llnevergetthefeelingofbeingthere.F.However,nomatterhowrealtheexperiencewillfeel,itdoesn’thappenforreal.G.Thenweneedtoknowwhatdecisionsweneedtomaketodaythatwillgivethebestresultinthefuture.第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)Pennsylvaniaisfullofmysteriousplaces!Oneofthoseisanoldturnpike(收费高速公路)41fordecades.Mydadloveshistory,andhelearneditwasopentothepublic.42,whenIwas14,wetookabiketripto43thisroad!

Mydadchosea16-mile44oftheroadforustoride.PartofitincludedanoldtunnelcalledSidelingHillwhichisoveramilelong!To45,wecheckedourtiresandmadesureourlightshadbatteries.Inthemorning,weloadedourbikesintothecarandsetoff.Asweapproachedthetunnel,Ifelt46asitwasabsolutelyblackinside!ButDadencouragedme.Hesaidhewouldbebesideme.Heremindedmetostay47andkeepmylighton!

Whenwe48thetunnel,thesoundofourbikeswasheardthroughthedarkness.Ishinedmyflashlightaroundandsawwalls49ingraffiti(涂鸦).AndIfeltlikeIwasbeing50!Iwasprettyscared,but51onfollowingDadhelpedmerelax.Afterridinghalf-waythrough,Icouldseelightcomingfromtheotherend,motivatingmetokeepgoing.AndIwassodelightedtorideoutintothebrightafternoon!

Whenevergoingthrough52inlife,Irememberthistrip.Itremindsmethatmyfatherisalwaysbesideme.Heturnsonthelightofhopeinmy53,aswellasgivesme54tokeepridingthroughlife’s55tunnels.

41.A.designedB.destroyedC.abandoned D.locked42.A.However B.OtherwiseC.Therefore D.Meanwhile43.A.explore B.constructC.protect D.repair44.A.tunnel B.sectionC.block D.course45.A.participate B.registerC.cooperate D.prepare46.A.excited B.nervousC.annoyed D.exhausted47.A.silent B.curiousC.cautious D.positive48.A.approached B.observedC.constructed D.entered49.A.covered B.buriedC.absorbed D.dressed50.A.forced B.watchedC.abused D.judged51.A.depending B.survivingC.calling D.focusing52.A.accidents B.hardshipsC.regulations D.incidents53.A.chest B.tripC.work D.heart54.A.courage B.prideC.excitement D.enthusiasm55.A.difficult B.distantC.dark D.long第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Jingdezhenporcelain(瓷器)isChineseporcelainproducedinornearJingdezheninsouthernChina.Jingdezhenhasproducedporcelain56.(century)ago.Andthetown57.wasnamedJingdezhenbyEmperorZhenzongoftheNorthernSongDynastybecameamajorkiln(窑)sitearound1004.Duringtheperiod,the58.(produce)ofporcelaininthisareafirstbecame59.(know).Bythe14thcenturyithadbecomethelargestcentreofproducingChineseporcelain,whichremainedinthefollowingtimes.IntheMingDynasty,officialkilnsinJingdezhen60.(control)bytheemperor,makingqualityporcelaininlargequantitiesfortheemperortogiveabroadasgifts.Asaresult,thetownwas61.(close)linkedtotheworld.

Althoughbeingaremotetowninahillyarea,Jingdezhenisnearthequalityporcelainstoneandforestswhichcanprovideplentyofwoodforthekilns.Italsohas62.riverflowingfromnorthtosouth,63.(benefit)thetransportofthefragileobjects.

Jingdezhenhasproducedagreatvarietyof64.(value)porcelain.Asaresult,thetownisfamous65.the“PorcelainCapital”.Onetypeofitswell-knownhighqualityporcelainobjectistheblueandwhiteporcelainfromthe1330s.

第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华,上周六恰逢你校科技节,清华大学物理系王教授来你校作讲座。请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:1.时间地点;2.参加人员;3.讲座内容:(1)解密宇宙探索(2)2019年诺贝尔物理学奖得主的励志故事;4.讲座反响。注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;2.题目已给出,可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考词汇:2019年诺贝尔物理学奖the2019NobelPrizeinPhysicsAScientificLecture________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Chelseawasasaleswoman.Sheworkedforamedicalequipmentmanufacturertosellmedicalequipmenttohospitals.ShedrovealloverLosAngelesCountyfivedaysaweek.Shewasnottheworld’smostlaw-abiding(守法的)driver.Whenallthefreewaylaneswereatadeadstop,shewoulddrivealongtheemergencylane.Sherarelymetastopsignatanemptyintersectionthatsheobeyed.Shealwayssloweddownenoughtomakesuretheintersectionwasclear,andthenzippedonthrough.Sheusuallytalkedonhercellphonewhiledriving.Whiledrivingandtalking,shewouldoftendrinkasodaoreatasandwich.Herhands,legs,andmouthwerealwaysbusywhileshewasdriving.Shewasborn,sheoftensaidproudly,tomultitask.Lastnightshehadtoshowacustomerhowtooperateanewdevice.Thecustomerwasaslowlearner,soChelseaendedupleavingthehospitalhalfanhourlaterthanshehadplanned.Then,ofcourse,shegotstuckinFridayeveningrushhour.Shewasgoingtobelateforherdate,butthenearbymountainsblockedhercellphonefromcallinghercustomerandtellinghim.Shewasalreadyanxious,andthingsseemedtobegettingworse.Thenallthetrafficstopped.Chelseadroveimmediatelyovertotheemergencylaneandcontinueddrivingalongit.Shewasmakinggoodprogress.Shecouldn’tbelieveshewastheonlyoneintheemergencylane.Usuallyseveralcarswouldfollowherlead.Thenshesawtheredflashinglightsinherrearviewmirror.Theofficerpulledheroverandwalkedupalongsidehercar.Hewasyoungandgood-looking.Chelseafeltbetter.“Isthereanyreasonthatyouareintheemergencylane?”“Officer,I’mnotfeelingwellandI’mjusttryingtogettotheneareststoretobuymymedicine.”Shelookedathimwithbig,sweet,innocenteyes.Helookedatherforalongmoment,thenhandedherlicenseback.“Okay,ma’am.Takethefirstexityoucometo.Ihopeyou’llbefeelingbetter.I’mAnthony,bytheway.”“Thankyousomuch,officerAnthony.”注意:续写词数应为150左右。TheofficerwalkedbacktohiscarandChelseadroveon.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Therewasnolineinthestore.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-------------------------------------------

参考答案听力(共两节,满分30分)（略）第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)A【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了杭州、巴塞罗那、巴黎三个城市的共享单车系统及其规模,收费情况和使用情况等。21.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据City:Barcelona中的第一句Barcelona’sBicyclingProgramdevelopedSpain’sbike-sharingbusinessinabigway可知巴塞罗那的单车项目极大地开发了西班牙的共享单车产业。故选A。22.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据City:Paris中的价格Price:$38.52peryear/$2.26perday可知,巴黎的共享单车收费为每天2.26美元。故选C。23.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据City:Hangzhou中的第三句Residentsandtouristscanputdownadepositof200ChineseYuan(about$33)andrideforanhourforfreeinthissceniccity;以及City:Paris部分中的最后一句it’safavouritewithbothlocalsandtourists.可知HangzhouPublicBicycleSystem和Paris’sbikesharing都对本地居民和外来游客开放。故选A。B【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。人类学家发现,我们的祖先们使用工具比我们想象的早得多。24.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的“...350,000yearsolderthanthepreviousrecordholders.”可知C项是正确的。25.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段的“...Acheuleanhandaxes,whichweremadefromchippedvolcanicrockfrom...LakeTurkanainKenya.”可知,阿舍利文化时期的手斧是用来自肯尼亚的火山岩做成的。所以选A项。26.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“TheAcheuleanhandaxes,ontheotherhand,haveadefinedteardroporovalshape.”可知,D项符合题意。27.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话“ThestudyappearsinThursday’sissueofthejournalNature.”可知,这篇文章最可能在一本关于自然科学的书中被发现。故A项符合题意。B项“历史事件”;C项“成功人士”;D项“政治体系”,本文与这三项并无关联,故都可以排除。C【文章大意】本文是说明文。今年云南普洱茶产地六大名山之一的南糯山的产茶量很低。多年来炎热的天气和最低的降雨量导致产量减少。今年春天,干旱使茶叶的产量减少了大约一半。28.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Localofficialsblameclimatechangeforanincreaseindrought-likeconditionsinrecentyears.可知,当地官员把近年来类似干旱的情况增加归咎于气候变化。由此可知,近年来普洱茶种植区的气候越来越干燥。故选D。29.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中Pu’ertreesgrowinthecloud-coveredforestsofYunnan.Thetreesrequirenofertilizersorpesticides,unliketheteatreesgrownonlargefarmselsewhere.可知,生长在云南云雾缭绕的森林里的普洱树,与生长在其他地方的大型农场的茶树相比,此树不需要肥料或农药。由此可知,与其他大农场种植的茶树相比,普洱树的一大优势是绿色无污染。故选B。30.解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Thesetreesarequitepitiful.Theyshouldhavebeenprotectedlikechildren.”可知,这些树真可怜。他们本应该像孩子一样受到保护。由此可推知,SiDa认为更幼年的茶树应该得到很好的照顾。故选B。31.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第二段第四句可知多年来最热的天气和最低的降雨量减少了产量;根据第三段第一句可知当地官员指责气候变化导致了近年来干旱状况的增加,以及根据第五段第一句可知干旱状况损害了南糯山32个村庄的经济。可知,文章谈论的是干旱损害了中国普洱茶的产量。故选D。D【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。研究发现大脑训练并不会像人们认为的那样能提升人的大脑能力。32.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段三、四句可知,很多这样的产品都是只为了赚钱的垃圾。而且,没有科学证据可以证明这些游戏或大脑锻炼有这种功效。可推知,本文作者认为大脑训练产品是不可靠的,因为没有科学证据证明它们有用。故选D。33.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知,研究表明大脑训练只能使其所针对的一个方面得到改善,所以,如果你学会了快速寻找图像,这并不意味着你就能提高你的记忆能力。可推知,PeterSawicki认为大脑训练只能改善人的某一项能力。故选A。34.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段二三句可知,Sawicki认为做大脑训练时应该放松,不要想太多,如果觉得有趣就做,如果觉得不喜欢就不做。故选B。35.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知,研究还没有表明大脑训练可以像通常认为的那样保持或加强人们的整体智能。可推知,研究人员认为大脑训练没有人们通常认为的那样有效。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)【文章大意】人们总想知道未来会是什么样子的,其实要想展望未来,必须了解过去。不管世界如何变化,人们的基本需求如食物、睡眠、被欣赏和被爱的感觉等不会改变,未来的虚拟世界也不会代替真实的世界。但是可以预知,未来五十年里,世界将从依靠石油的社会过渡到新的社会,人们的生活会更好。36.【解析】选D。根据空处下文可知,在过去的150年里,世界发生了巨大的变化;结合空前一句可推知,空处承上启下,说明我们想要展望未来,就要了解过去,故D项符合语境。37.【解析】选A。根据空前一句可知,在过去的150年里,人们的基本需求如食物、睡眠、被欣赏和被爱的感觉没有变化,结合空后的“No”可知,空处应是一个一般疑问句,并与空前一句讲人的基本需求相呼应,故A项符合语境。38.【解析】选G。根据该段第二句可知,该段主要讲的是预知未来的两个原因,空前一句讲的是第一个原因,即需要思考自己想要并传递给下一代的未来是什么样的,据此可知,空处陈述第二个原因,即需要知道做出怎样的决定才能给未来带来最好的结果,故G项正确。其中G项中的“Thenweneedto”与空前一句中的“First,weneedto”相呼应。39.【解析】选F。根据空后一句可知,即使一项重大发明的价格我们可以承受,但是虚拟体验绝不会代替真实体验,结合空处上文可推知,F项符合语境,衔接上下文。40.【解析】选B。根据空处下文可知,该段介绍了对未来五十年的展望:从依靠石油的社会过渡到新的社会;未来的生活更好。故B项符合语境。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了我和爸爸的一次公路探险让我终生难忘——每当生活中遇到困难时,它总会提醒我,爸爸总是在我身边,给我战胜困难的希望和勇气。41.【解析】选C。designed设计;destroyed破坏;abandoned遗弃,废弃;locked锁住。根据空后的“Mydadloveshistory...”可知,因为爸爸喜欢历史,我们才去探险,因此这条收费公路应该是废弃了几十年,故选C。42.【解析】选C。根据上文可知,我爸爸喜欢历史,因此,爸爸带我骑自行车去探索这条公路!however然而;otherwise否则;therefore因此;meanwhile同时。根据句意可知前后是因果关系,此处表示结果,故选C。43.【解析】选A。explore探索;construct建造;protect保护;repair修理。上文提到爸爸喜欢历史,再结合下文我们在这条公路上的经历可知,爸爸带我骑自行车去探索这条公路,故选A。44.【解析】选B。tunnel隧道;section部分,路段;block街区;course过程。空后一句说该路段包括一条超过一英里长的、名为SidelingHill的老隧道,此处指“一个16英里长的路段”,故选B。45.【解析】选D。participate参与;register登记;cooperate合作;prepare准备。我们检查了车胎,并确保车灯里装了电池,这些都是公路探险前的准备工作,故选D。46.【解析】选B。excited兴奋的;nervous紧张的;annoyed生气的;exhausted筋疲力尽的。根据后文隧道里面一片漆黑可知,我非常紧张,故选B。47.【解析】选C。silent安静的;curious好奇的;cautious谨慎的;positive积极的。上文提到隧道里一片漆黑,因此爸爸提醒我要保持小心谨慎,故选C。48.【解析】选D。approached靠近;observed观察;constructed建造;entered进入。根据上文中的“weapproachedthetunnel”可知此处发生在“接近隧道”之后,是说我们进入了隧道,故选D。49.【解析】选A。covered覆盖;buried埋葬;absorbed吸收;dressed穿衣。根据空后的“graffiti”可知,我发现墙壁被涂鸦所覆盖(墙上满是涂鸦),故选A。50.【解析】选B。forced强迫;watched注视;abused虐待;judged审判。根据常识可知,涂鸦多是表情夸张或面目狰狞的人物画像,因此我感觉自己被墙上的画像注视着,故选B。51.【解析】选D。dependon依靠;surviveon靠……活下来;callon号召;focuson集中精力于。根据空后的“onfollowingDadhelpedmerelax”可知,集中精力跟着爸爸走能让我放松下来,故选D。52.【解析】选B。accidents事故;hardships艰难困苦;regulations条例;incidents事件。由后文可知,这次旅行提醒我,爸爸总是在我身边,他点亮了我心中的希望之光,也给了我勇气,让我继续穿过生命的黑暗隧道,此处用隧道比喻生活中的困难,说的是每当生活中遇到困难时,我都会想起这次旅行,故选B。53.【解析】选D。根据空前的“thelightofhope”可知此处是指“心中的希望之光”,故选D。54.【解析】选A。courage勇气;pride自豪;excitement兴奋;enthusiasm热情。根据上文中的“ButDadencouragedme.”可知,在我紧张害怕时,爸爸鼓励我,因此此处是指“给我勇气”,故选A。55.【解析】选C。根据上文中的“itwasabsolutelyblackinside!”可知,隧道里面一片漆黑,因此此处是指