《钢结构安装》课件-1.2.1 节点设计的基本知识

1.2.1钢结构的节点设计

Jointdesignofsteelstructure

第一：节点的作用First:theroleofnodes第二：节点的设计要求Second:thedesignrequirementsofthenode第三：节点设计的具体内容Third:thespecificcontentofnodedesign钢结构是由若干构件连接而成，钢构件又是由若干型钢或零件连接而成。钢结构的连接有焊缝连接、铆钉连接和螺栓连接，连接部位统称为节点。Thesteelstructureiscomposedofseveralcomponentsconnected,andthesteelcomponentsareconnectedbyseveralsectionsorparts.Theconnectionofsteelstructurehasweldconnection,rivetconnectionandboltconnection,andtheconnectionpartiscollectivelyreferredtoasthenode.钢结构steelstructure钢构件Steelmembers若干型钢或零件Severalsectionsorparts通过焊接、螺栓连接或铆接Bywelding,boltingorriveting组成compose连接部位统称为节点Theconnectionpartsarecollectivelyreferredtoasnodes

合理的节点设计对钢结构的安全度、制作安装、工程进度、用钢量指标以及工程造价都有直接的影响。Reasonablenodedesignhasadirectimpactonthesafetyofsteelstructure,productionandinstallation,projectprogress,steelconsumptionindexandprojectcost.一、节点的作用

FirstTheroleofthenode2传递荷载Transferloads1连接汇交杆件Connectthejunctionmembers

二、节点的设计要求

First

Designrequirementsforthenode

2保证汇交杆件交于一点，不产生附加弯矩Ensurethattheintersectionmemberisdeliveredatonepointwithoutadditionalbendingmoments3构造简单，制作简便，安装方便Simplestructure,simpleproduction,easyinstallation4耗钢量少，造价低廉，造型美观Lesssteelconsumption,lowcost,beautifulshape1受力合理、传力明确，务必使节点构造与所采用的计算假定尽量符合，使节点安全可靠Theforceisreasonableandtheforcetransmissionisclear,andthenodestructuremustbeconsistentwiththecalculationassumptionsusedasmuchaspossibletomakethenodesafeandreliable焊接连接Solderedconnections焊条的选用应该与被连接金属材质适应：Thechoiceofweldingrodshouldbeadaptedtothemetalmaterialtobejoined

E43——Q235E50——Q345E55——Q390和Q420当不同的两种钢材连接时，宜采用与低强度钢材相适应的焊条！Whendifferenttwosteelsareconnected,itisadvisabletouseweldingrodsthatarecompatiblewithlow-strengthsteels!对接焊缝分为焊透焊缝和非焊透焊缝，其中焊透焊缝特点：强度高，受力性能好，用于承受动力荷载作用的焊接结构，尤为有利Buttweldsaredividedintothrough-weldandnon-through-weldseams,ofwhichthrough-weldcharacteristicsare:highstrength,goodforceperformance,andweldedstructuresthatareusedtowithstanddynamicloads,whichareparticularlybeneficial三、节点设计的具体内容Third

Thespecificsofthenodedesign角焊缝Filletwelds对接焊缝Buttwelds焊接weld对焊接连接的构造要求：Constructionrequirementsforweldedconnections:1.焊缝的布置尽量对称于构件或节点板截面中和轴，避免连接偏心受力；Thearrangementoftheweldisassymmetricalaspossibletothecomponentorgussetplatesectionandtheaxistoavoidtheeccentricforceoftheconnection;2.焊缝长度和焊脚尺寸应由计算及适当的余量确定，不得任意加大加厚焊缝；Thelengthoftheweldandthesizeoftheweldfootshallbedeterminedbycalculationandappropriatemargin,andtheweldshallnotbearbitrarilyincreasedandthickened;对焊接连接的构造要求：3.为便于焊接操作，尽量选用俯焊、平焊或横焊的焊接位置，并有合理的施焊空间；Inordertofacilitateweldingoperations,trytochoosetheweldingpositionofpitchwelding,flatweldingorhorizontalwelding,andthereisareasonableweldingspace;4.选用的焊接材料的材质应与主体金属相适应；Thematerialoftheweldingmaterialselectedshouldbecompatiblewiththebodymetal5.其他构造要求符合设计要求。Otherconstructionrequirementsmeetthedesignrequirements.2.螺栓连接Boltedconnection

螺栓连接Boltedconnection普通螺栓一般分为A、B、C三级，A、B为精制螺栓，C为粗制螺栓。普通螺栓连接一般采用C级螺栓，其螺栓连接的制孔应采用钻孔Ordinaryboltsaregenerallydividedintothreelevels:A,B,C,A,Barerefinedbolts,Cisroughbolts.OrdinaryboltedconnectionsgenerallyuseC-classbolts,andtheholesfortheirboltedconnectionsshouldbedrilled普通螺栓抗剪性能差，不宜用于重要的抗剪连接结构中。对有防松要求的普通螺栓连接，应采用弹簧垫圈或双螺帽以防止松动Ordinaryboltshavepoorshearresistanceandarenotsuitableforimportantshearconnectionstructures.Forordinaryboltedconnectionswithanti-looseningrequirements,springwashersordoublenutsshouldbeusedtopreventloosening高强度螺栓连接High-strengthboltedconnection普通螺栓连接Normalboltedconnection高强度螺栓的使用日益广泛，常用8.8S和10.9S两个强度等级。高强度螺栓最小规格为Ml2，常用的高强度螺栓为M16-M30。超大规格的螺栓性能不稳定，设计中应慎重使用。在栓焊共用的节点中，对高强度螺栓临近焊缝的节点连接，应当用先拧后焊的工序，并且高强度螺栓的承载力应降低10%考虑。Theuseofhigh-strengthboltsisbecomingmoreandmoreextensive,andtwostrengthgradesof8.8Sand10.9Sarecommonlyused.Theminimumspecificationofhigh-strengthboltsisMl2,andthecommonlyusedhigh-strengthboltsareM16-M30.Theperformanceofoversizedboltsisunstableandshouldbeusedcautiouslyindesign.Inthenodessharedbyboltwelding,thejointconnectionofhigh-strengthboltsneartheweldshouldbescrewedfirstandthenwelded,andthebearingcapacityofhigh-strengthboltsshouldbereducedby10%.3.连接板Connecttheplate连接板起着杆件或构件间保证可靠传力的重要作用。Theconnectingplateplaysanimportantroleinensuringreliableforcetransmissionbetweenmembersorcomponents其构造原则应符合:传力直接，中心交汇，外形应力求简单；不应有凹角，以免产生应力集中；连接布置不应或尽量少产生附加偏心或焊接应力等要求。Itsconstructionprinciplesshouldconformto:directforcetransmission,centerintersection,andsimpleshape;Thereshouldbenoconcavecornerstoavoidstressconcentration;Theconnectionarrangementshouldnotorminimizetherequirementsofadditionaleccentricityorweldingstress.梁腹板应验算栓孔处腹板的净截面抗剪。承压型高强度螺栓连接还须验算孔壁局部承压Thebeamwebshouldbemeasuredforthenetcross-sectionalshearresistanceofthewebatthebolthole。Pressure-bearinghigh-strengthboltedconnectionsmustalsoverifythelocalpressureoftheholewall.4.梁腹板Beamweb梁腹板Beamweb梁腹板螺栓孔Beam