2025【寒假伴学营】高三英语《巩固复习》第03讲选择性必修三~选择性必修四词汇（练习）含答案及解析

第02讲选择性必修3~选择性必修4词汇考点目录01模拟基础练【题型一】易考单词变形【题型二】核心单词拼写02重难创新练【题型一】阅读词汇和短语【题型二】完形词汇和短语03真题实战练题型一易考单词变形1．SinceZhangjiajie(improve)itstransportationandserviceforlong,thecitynowcanreceive36,200touristsperday.2．Chinahasbeenmoreandmore(influence)sincethereformandopening-up.3．BaJingained(recognize)forwritingataveryyoungage,andtodayheisstillacknowledgedasoneofChina’sgreatestwriters.4．TheUNESCOWorldHeritageCenterrepeatedlyurgesthatsomeculturalrelicsinEgypt(restore)inordertopreventthemfromcollapse.5．Haiku,aJapanesepoetry,hasaformatofthreelines,containing5,7,and5syllables(respective).6．Itwasthestaff’sresolutionand(persevere)thathelpedthiscorporationcarrythroughitsgoalandsucceedeventually.7．Inmanycountries,ifsomeoneisaccusedofacrime,heorsheisconsidered(innocence)untilthecourtprovesthatheorsheisguilty.8．Hewasavictimof(race)prejudice.9．We’llhavereportersthereforyouallweeklongtokeepyou(update)onthestorm.10．(nail)thetwoshelvestogether,shewipedawaythesweatandhadarest.11．Thechefsaidthemenu(adjust)tosuitlocaltastes.That’swhymorecustomerswerefloodingintotherestaurant.12．Itwasreallycoldoutside,butJethrostayedindoors(wrap)inawarmblanket(毯子)anddrinkinghotchocolate.13．Hewentfromdoortodoor(find)apartnerwhocouldhelp.14．Onlyinretrospect(回顾)didthevalueofappreciatingamoviewithoutjudging,(accompany)bythejoyofsharingbecomeself-evidenttome.15．Togetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hours(study)andpracticing.题型二核心单词拼写16．Thereport(以……为基础)ontheresearchwaslaunchedlater.17．Shewasforcedtohaveherbaby(领养)aftershewassentencedtoprison.18．(任命)tobemanagerofthecompany,theyoungmanfeltexcited.19．Tobeginwith,we’dfeel(荣幸)ifyoucouldmatchusaccordingtoouroralEnglishlevels,ratherthanpairusrandomly.20．Shewassoconsideratethatshewalkedtocomfortthegirl(惊慌)bythenews.21．Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimself(被锁在)intheroom.22．Tofindoutthetruth,thepoliceofficershavetoconducta(详尽的)reviewofthecase.23．Lastweek,theteacher(布置)anessayaboutenvironmentalprotectiontothem.24．Apersonmustshowsome(自制力)toreachthegoalofchange.25．Thereweresomeextraordinarily(逼真的，栩栩如生的)paintingsofEuropeondisplay.题型一阅读词汇和短语阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A（2024·浙江·二模）Adiethighinproteinisoftenpromotedaspartofahealthylifestyle,andmanydietsencourageconsumerstoreducefatsinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainleanmuscle.ForthestudyinNatureMetabolism,BettinaMittendorferandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileincreasingtheproportionofproteinindailycalorieintakeisbeneficial,consumingproteintoomuchnotonlydoesn’taddtothedevelopmentofleanmusclebutcancauseunintendednegativehealtheffects.“Consumersarebeingledtobelievethattheycannevergettoomuchproteinintheirdiet,”saysMittendorfer.“However,ourresearchshowsthatspecificaminoacids(氨基酸),whicharethebuildingblocksofprotein,cantriggerheartdiseasethroughasignalingmechanismatthecellularlevelintheblood.”Anaminoacidfoundinanimal-proteinfoods,suchasbeef,eggs,andmilk,wasfoundtoberesponsibleforsignalingactivityincellsthattypicallyclearawayrubbishinbloodvessels.Asconsumptionofdietaryproteinincreases,sodoestheconsumptionofleucine(亮氨酸),thespecificaminoacidresponsiblefortriggeringthiscellularactivityintheblood.Whenfunctioningnormally,thesecellsworktokeepbloodvesselsfreefromplaque(血小板)buildup.Whentheirproductionbecomesoveractive,theresultingaccumulationofspentcellsinthevascularsystemcancausetheplaquebuildupandblockagestheyaresupposedtoprevent.Theresultinghardeningofthearteries(动脉)isaleadingriskfactorforheartattackandstroke.“OurhopeistoeventuallyfindtheGoldilocksapproachformaximizingthehealthbenefitsofdietaryprotein,suchasbuildingleanmuscle,whileavoidingthehealthdrawbacksfromoverconsumption.”saysMittendorfer.Theresearchersfoundthatconsumingmorethan22%ofdailycaloriesfromproteincarriesmoredownsideriskthandietarybenefit.Foranormaladult,20to30gramsofproteinpermeal,or60to90gramsofproteinperdayisadequatetosupporthealth.Thestudycombinedhumantrialswithexperimentsinmiceandcells.1．Whichofthefollowingisthefindingoftheresearch?A．Itisbeneficialtotakeinproteinindailydiets.B．Adiethighinproteinisalwaysconsideredasahealthylifestyle.C．Manyconsumersareinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainmuscle.D．Consumingproteintoomuchdoesn’tdogoodtotheleanmuscledevelopment.2．Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytocauseheartattackandstroke?A．Theplaquebuildup. B．Animal-proteinfoods.C．Thehardeningofthearteries. D．Overactivecellularactivityintheblood.3．Whatistheproperwaytomakegooduseofprotein?A．Totakeinproperamountofproteinpermeal.B．Toexerciseeverydayinordertobuildleanmuscle.C．Toconsumemorethan22%ofdailycaloriesfromprotein.D．Todomoreexperimentsinmiceandcellstoprovideevidence.4．Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?A．Itisconductedinarelativelyscientificway.B．Itfinallyfindsaproperapproachtokeepfit.C．Itistotallyagainstwhatpeoplehavebelieved.D．Itoffersadietstandardforpeopleofallagesallovertheworld.B（2024·湖南·二模）TheCaliforniaseaotter(海獭),oncehuntedtotheedgeofextinction,hasstagedathrillingcomebackinthelastcentury.Now,scientistshavediscoveredthattheotters’successstoryhasledtosomethingjustasremarkable:therestorationoftheirdecliningcoastalmarsh(沼泽)habitat.ElkhornSlough,acoastalmarshwithinMontereyBay,hadbeenexperiencingseveredamage.Therootcausewasagrowingpopulationofshorecrabs,whichfedheavilyonthemarshplants,weakeningthestructuralintegrityofthehabitat.Coastalmarsheslikethesearenotonlynaturaldefensesagainststormwavesbutalsoserveasimportantcarbonstorageareasandwater-cleaningsystems.Theconservation-drivencomebackoftheseaotterhasbeencrucial.California’scoastlineswereoncealivewithseaotters.Sadly,theywerenearlywipedoutatthehandsoffurtraders.Inthe1980s,conservationeffortsaidedtheseottersinre-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange.Now,ElkhornSloughhasthehighestconcentrationofseaottersinCalifornia,withapopulationofabout100.Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,theottershavehelpedasignificantregrowthofplantlife.BrentHughes,ascientistworkingalongsideAngelini,ledathree-yearstudy.Theirfindingswereclear:inareaswithseaotters,crabnumbersfellmarkedly.Thisledtoaresurgenceinplantgrowth,whichinturnstabilizedthesoilandloweredtherateofsoilwashingaway.Astheseaotterpopulationcontinuestorestore,theirpositiveimpactoncoastalecosystemsislikelytoincrease.Itnotonlyshowcasestheseaotterasacentralspecies—aspeciesthathasasignificanteffectonitsnaturalenvironment—butalsohighlightstheessentialnatureoftoppredators(捕食者)inpreservingecologicalharmony.“Myhonestreactionwas—thiscouldbecomeaclassicintheliterature,”saysscientistLekeliaJenkins.Sherevealsmarshrestorationalsohelpspeoplebyreducingflooding.“Suddenly,seaottersgofromjustcutethingsweliketosomethingthatcanprotectourlivelihoodsandourproperties.”5．Whatchangedidthedisappearanceofseaottersbringabout?A．Fewerpredatorycrabs. B．Morecoastalplantlife.C．Betterwater-cleaningeffect. D．Worsecoastalecologicalbalance.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resurgence”inparagraph3mean?A．Barrier. B．Advancement. C．Expansion. D．Revival.7．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinquotingLekeliaJenkins?A．Tohighlighttheimportanceofcoastalmarshes.B．Tointroduceanewresearchstudyonseaotters.C．Todemonstratethepracticalbenefitsofseaotters.D．Toemphasizetheneedforincreasedconservationefforts.8．Whatmessageisconveyedfromseaotters’impact?A．Thenecessityforcontrolledhunting.B．Theinterconnectednessoftheecosystem.C．Thedrawbacksofwildlifereintroduction.D．Theneedforhumaninterventioninnature.题型二完形填空词汇和短语阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2024·河北·一模）Myworkincancerresearchwasgeneratingalotofwasteeveryday.Asourresearchturnedtofullcapacity,ourwasteproduction1.Iwenttomyadviserandsuggestedtheideaof23D-printedlabtoolsoutofsomeofourwaste.She3meandthenIsecuredfundingtopurchaserecyclingequipment.Butaftermonthsof4,theprojectdidn’tgoasIhadimaginedandprogressedslowly.Soitwasawelcome5whenmyco-workersbrainstormedotherwaystoreduceourenvironmental6Wecreatedagrouptopushforgreenerwaysto7.Webeganmeetingmonthlytocomeupwithsolutions.Overthefollowingmonths,we8newrecyclingbinstoeachlabsothatourplasticwastecouldbesorted9.Wecreatedrulesforeachdevicetobeenergy-efficient.I’mstilldisappointedthatIcouldn’tfullyrealizemy3D-printing10.Iamstubbornenoughtokeeptrying.ButI’vealsolearnedthatifoneapproachisn’tworking,sometimesit’sbestto11andlookforothersolutions.I’mthankfulthatwiththehelpofthe12communityaroundme,weareabletodothat.Iencouragescientistseverywheretothinkaboutwaystoreducethe13impactoftheirownresearch.Theworkwedoisimportant.Butweshouldalsodoourparttobeassustainableaswecan.Afterall,what14doesoursciencehaveif,ultimately,thereremainsno15planetwecancallourhome?1．A．returned B．declined C．stabilized D．rocketed2．A．creating B．buying C．borrowing D．renting3．A．suspected B．criticized C．encouraged D．comforted4．A．struggle B．discussion C．training D．confusion5．A．source B．relief C．target D．success6．A．distribution B．option C．phase D．footprint7．A．cure B．defend C．operate D．negotiate8．A．commented B．introduced C．moved D．knocked9．A．properly B．typically C．naturally D．annually10．A．recipe B．prevention C．vision D．association11．A．setoff B．speakout C．holdon D．stepback12．A．local B．academic C．final D．new13．A．fundamental B．historical C．environmental D．financial14．A．significance B．possibility C．fortune D．depth15．A．broad B．supportive C．different D．particular（2024年浙江卷1月阅读理解A篇）TomSawyerPlayIsanAdventureA35-minutehand-clapping,foot-stompingmusicalversionofaMarkTwainfavoritereturnswiththisTallStacksfestival.“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”hasallthegoodstuff,includingthefencepainting,thegraveyard,theislandandthecave.ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.That’sthelocalstagewritingteamthatcreatesmanyoftheChildren’sTheatreofCincinnati’soriginalmusicals,alongwiththeholidayfamilymusicalsatEnsembleTheatre.ThisyearNathanTurnerofBurlingtonisTomSawyer,andRobbieMcMathofFortMitchellisHuckFinn.Tumer,a10th-graderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati’sstages.HeisastaractorofChildren’sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“TheWizardofOz,”andisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Ragtime”.McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof“TomSawyer”whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.ThissummerheattendedKentucky’sGovernor’sSchoolfortheArtsinMusicalTheatre.Notetoteachers:Children’sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaughtthrough“TomSawyer.”Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren’sTheatre.1.Whowrotethemusicfor“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”?A.DavidKisor. B.JoeMcDonough.C.NathanTurner. D.RobbieMcMath.2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwoactors?A.Theystudyinthesameschool. B.Theyworkedtogetherin”Ragtime“.C.Theyareexperiencedonstage. D.Theybecamefriendstenyearsago.3.WhatdoesChildren’sTheatreprovideforteachers?A.Researchfunding. B.Trainingopportunities.C.Technicalsupport. D.Educationalresources.（2022·新高考II卷阅读理解C篇）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.""Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws."Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.9.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?A.Whereadrivercamefrom. B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.C.Howfastadriverwasgoing. D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice. B.Data. C.Tests. D.Laws.11.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStartB.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzerC.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer-

第02讲选择性必修3~选择性必修4词汇考点目录01模拟基础练【题型一】易考单词变形【题型二】核心单词拼写02重难创新练【题型一】阅读词汇和短语【题型二】完形词汇和短语03真题实战练题型一易考单词变形1．SinceZhangjiajie(improve)itstransportationandserviceforlong,thecitynowcanreceive36,200touristsperday.【答案】hasbeenimproving【解析】考查谓语动词时态及主谓一致。句意：由于张家界长期以来一直在改善其交通和服务，该市现在每天可以接待36200名游客。所给动词improve在since引导的原因状语从句中作谓语，根据时间状语forlong，并结合主句时态可知，该空应使用现在完成进行时，主语Zhangjiajie为单数名词，助动词应使用单三形式。故填hasbeenimproving。2．Chinahasbeenmoreandmore(influence)sincethereformandopening-up.【答案】influential【解析】考查形容词。句意：改革开放以来，中国的影响力越来越大。提示词作表语，用形容influential构成比较级，表明主语的性质和属性，意为“有影响力的”。故填influential。3．BaJingained(recognize)forwritingataveryyoungage,andtodayheisstillacknowledgedasoneofChina’sgreatestwriters.【答案】recognition【解析】考查名词。句意：巴金在很小的时候就因写作而获得认可，今天他仍然被公认为中国最伟大的作家之一。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用名词recognition“承认”，作gained的宾语。故填recognition。4．TheUNESCOWorldHeritageCenterrepeatedlyurgesthatsomeculturalrelicsinEgypt(restore)inordertopreventthemfromcollapse.【答案】(should)berestored【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)世界遗产中心为了防止埃及的部分文物倒塌，一再敦促对其进行修复。空处应填谓语动词，表示建议、要求或命令的动词urge/advise/suggest/command/demand,etc.其后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词应用(should)+动词原形，should可以省略，从句主语someculturalrelics与restore之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填(should)berestored。5．Haiku,aJapanesepoetry,hasaformatofthreelines,containing5,7,and5syllables(respective).【答案】respectively【解析】考查副词。句意：俳句是一种日本诗歌，有三行格式，分别包含5、7和5个音节。由句意空处应填副词形式，作状语，修饰containing。故填respectively。6．Itwasthestaff’sresolutionand(persevere)thathelpedthiscorporationcarrythroughitsgoalandsucceedeventually.【答案】perseverance【解析】考查名词。句意：是员工的决心和毅力帮助这家公司实现了目标并最终取得了成功。空处和名词resolution并列作强调句的主语，应用名词形式perseverance，perseverance为不可数名词，故填perseverance。7．Inmanycountries,ifsomeoneisaccusedofacrime,heorsheisconsidered(innocence)untilthecourtprovesthatheorsheisguilty.【答案】innocent【解析】考查形容词。句意：在许多国家，如果某人被指控犯罪，在法庭证明他或她有罪之前，他或她被视为无罪。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词innocent“无罪的”在句中作主语补足语。故填innocent。8．Hewasavictimof(race)prejudice.【答案】racial【解析】考查形容词。句意：他是种族偏见的受害者。修饰名词prejudice，需用形容词racial，作定语。故填racial。9．We’llhavereportersthereforyouallweeklongtokeepyou(update)onthestorm.【答案】updated【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们将在那里安排记者，为你提供整整一周的有关风暴的最新消息。设空处作宾语补足语，宾语you与动词update“给……提供最新信息”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，设空处填过去分词updated。故填updated。10．(nail)thetwoshelvestogether,shewipedawaythesweatandhadarest.【答案】Havingnailed【解析】考查现在分词。句意：把两个架子钉在一起后，她擦了擦汗，休息了一会儿。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，nail与逻辑主语she之间为主动关系，且发生在谓语动词wiped之前，所以此处使用现在分词的完成式，即havingnailed，且位于句首，having的首字母需大写。故填Havingnailed。11．Thechefsaidthemenu(adjust)tosuitlocaltastes.That’swhymorecustomerswerefloodingintotherestaurant.【答案】hadbeenadjusted【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：厨师说菜单已经调整以适应当地人的口味。这就是为什么越来越多的顾客涌入餐馆。空处应填谓语动词，由句意及That’swhymorecustomerswerefloodingintotherestaurant可知themenu与adjust之间为被动关系且动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填hadbeenadjusted。12．Itwasreallycoldoutside,butJethrostayedindoors(wrap)inawarmblanket(毯子)anddrinkinghotchocolate.【答案】wrapped【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：外面真的很冷，但叶忒罗裹着温暖的毯子呆在家里，喝着热巧克力。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语动词，固定短语bewrappedin表示“被包裹在”，wrap和Jethro逻辑上是被动关系，应用wrap的过去分词形式，和drinking并列，作方式状语，说明谓语行为发生的方式。故填wrapped。13．Hewentfromdoortodoor(find)apartnerwhocouldhelp.【答案】tofind【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他挨家挨户地寻找能够帮忙的伙伴。分析句子可知，空处应填动词不定式，在句中作目的状语。故填tofind。14．Onlyinretrospect(回顾)didthevalueofappreciatingamoviewithoutjudging,(accompany)bythejoyofsharingbecomeself-evidenttome.【答案】accompanied【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：只有回顾时，不加评判地欣赏一部电影，伴随着分享的喜悦，这种价值对我来说才变得不言而喻。分析句子可知，句子使用了部分倒装，已有谓语动词，空处是非谓语动词，accompany“伴随”和thevalueofappreciatingamovie逻辑上是被动关系，应用accompany的过去分词形式，作定语。故填accompanied。15．Togetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hours(study)andpracticing.【答案】studying【解析】考查动名词。句意：要想真正擅长某件事，一个人需要花费至少10000个小时的学习和练习。固定短语spendtime(in)doingsth：花费时间做某事，故填studying。题型二核心单词拼写16．Thereport(以……为基础)ontheresearchwaslaunchedlater.【答案】based【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：以该研究为基础的报告随后发布。根据汉语提示可知，base“以……为基础”，动词，和report之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填based。17．Shewasforcedtohaveherbaby(领养)aftershewassentencedtoprison.【答案】adopted【解析】考查过去分词。句意：她被判入狱后，被迫让人收养了她的孩子。根据提示的汉语，表示“领养”应为adopt，分析句子结构可知，此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构，herbaby与adopt之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填adopted。18．(任命)tobemanagerofthecompany,theyoungmanfeltexcited.【答案】Appointed【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被任命为公司经理，这个年轻人感到很兴奋。“任命”用动词appoint，与逻辑主语theyoungman之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。根据汉语提示及句意，故填Appointed。19．Tobeginwith,we’dfeel(荣幸)ifyoucouldmatchusaccordingtoouroralEnglishlevels,ratherthanpairusrandomly.【答案】privileged【解析】考查形容词。句意：首先，如果您能根据我们的英语口语水平给我们配对，而不是随意配对，我们会感到很荣幸。根据汉语提示“荣幸”可知，此处为形容词privileged，作表语。故填privileged。20．Shewassoconsideratethatshewalkedtocomfortthegirl(惊慌)bythenews.【答案】panicked【解析】考查动词。句意：她很体贴，走过去安慰那个被消息吓坏的女孩。根据汉语提示可知应用动词panic，与girl构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填panicked。21．Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimself(被锁在)intheroom.【答案】locked【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他清醒过来时，发现自己被锁在房间里了。“被锁在”作宾语补足语，用动词lock，与其逻辑主语himself之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填locked。22．Tofindoutthetruth,thepoliceofficershavetoconducta(详尽的)reviewofthecase.【答案】thorough【解析】考查形容词。句意：为了查明真相，警察们必须对这个案件进行详尽的审查。“详尽的”修饰名词review，用形容词thorough作定语。故填thorough。23．Lastweek,theteacher(布置)anessayaboutenvironmentalprotectiontothem.【答案】assigned【解析】考查动词。句意：上周，老师布置了一篇关于环境保护的作文给他们。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据提示的汉语，表示“布置”应为assign，根据时间状语lastweek可知，此处应为一般过去时，且与主语theteacher之间为主动关系，所以谓语动词应为assigned。故填assigned。24．Apersonmustshowsome(自制力)toreachthegoalofchange.【答案】discipline【解析】考查名词。句意：一个人必须表现出一定的自律才能达到改变的目标。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“自制力”应为discipline，且为不可数名词。故填discipline。25．Thereweresomeextraordinarily(逼真的，栩栩如生的)paintingsofEuropeondisplay.【答案】realistic【解析】考查形容词。句意：有一些非常逼真的欧洲绘画作品在展出。根据汉语提示和空后的paintingsofEurope可知，这里应用形容词realistic，作定语。故填realistic。题型一阅读词汇和短语阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A（2024·浙江·二模）Adiethighinproteinisoftenpromotedaspartofahealthylifestyle,andmanydietsencourageconsumerstoreducefatsinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainleanmuscle.ForthestudyinNatureMetabolism,BettinaMittendorferandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileincreasingtheproportionofproteinindailycalorieintakeisbeneficial,consumingproteintoomuchnotonlydoesn’taddtothedevelopmentofleanmusclebutcancauseunintendednegativehealtheffects.“Consumersarebeingledtobelievethattheycannevergettoomuchproteinintheirdiet,”saysMittendorfer.“However,ourresearchshowsthatspecificaminoacids(氨基酸),whicharethebuildingblocksofprotein,cantriggerheartdiseasethroughasignalingmechanismatthecellularlevelintheblood.”Anaminoacidfoundinanimal-proteinfoods,suchasbeef,eggs,andmilk,wasfoundtoberesponsibleforsignalingactivityincellsthattypicallyclearawayrubbishinbloodvessels.Asconsumptionofdietaryproteinincreases,sodoestheconsumptionofleucine(亮氨酸),thespecificaminoacidresponsiblefortriggeringthiscellularactivityintheblood.Whenfunctioningnormally,thesecellsworktokeepbloodvesselsfreefromplaque(血小板)buildup.Whentheirproductionbecomesoveractive,theresultingaccumulationofspentcellsinthevascularsystemcancausetheplaquebuildupandblockagestheyaresupposedtoprevent.Theresultinghardeningofthearteries(动脉)isaleadingriskfactorforheartattackandstroke.“OurhopeistoeventuallyfindtheGoldilocksapproachformaximizingthehealthbenefitsofdietaryprotein,suchasbuildingleanmuscle,whileavoidingthehealthdrawbacksfromoverconsumption.”saysMittendorfer.Theresearchersfoundthatconsumingmorethan22%ofdailycaloriesfromproteincarriesmoredownsideriskthandietarybenefit.Foranormaladult,20to30gramsofproteinpermeal,or60to90gramsofproteinperdayisadequatetosupporthealth.Thestudycombinedhumantrialswithexperimentsinmiceandcells.1．Whichofthefollowingisthefindingoftheresearch?A．Itisbeneficialtotakeinproteinindailydiets.B．Adiethighinproteinisalwaysconsideredasahealthylifestyle.C．Manyconsumersareinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainmuscle.D．Consumingproteintoomuchdoesn’tdogoodtotheleanmuscledevelopment.2．Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytocauseheartattackandstroke?A．Theplaquebuildup. B．Animal-proteinfoods.C．Thehardeningofthearteries. D．Overactivecellularactivityintheblood.3．Whatistheproperwaytomakegooduseofprotein?A．Totakeinproperamountofproteinpermeal.B．Toexerciseeverydayinordertobuildleanmuscle.C．Toconsumemorethan22%ofdailycaloriesfromprotein.D．Todomoreexperimentsinmiceandcellstoprovideevidence.4．Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?A．Itisconductedinarelativelyscientificway.B．Itfinallyfindsaproperapproachtokeepfit.C．Itistotallyagainstwhatpeoplehavebelieved.D．Itoffersadietstandardforpeopleofallagesallovertheworld.【答案】1．D2．C3．A4．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明了每日摄入过量蛋白质将导致心脏病、中风等疾病，并提出合理的蛋白质摄入量。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“ForthestudyinNatureMetabolism,BettinaMittendorferandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileincreasingtheproportionofproteinindailycalorieintakeisbeneficial,consumingproteintoomuchnotonlydoesn’taddtothedevelopmentofleanmusclebutcancauseunintendednegativehealtheffects.(BettinaMittendorfer及其同事在《自然代谢》杂志上发表的研究发现，虽然增加每日卡路里摄入量中蛋白质的比例是有益的，但摄入过多的蛋白质不仅不会促进瘦肌肉的发育，还会对健康造成意想不到的负面影响。)”可知，摄入过度蛋白质对身体健康不利。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Theresultinghardeningofthearteries(动脉)isaleadingriskfactorforheartattackandstroke.(由此导致的动脉硬化是心脏病发作和中风的主要危险因素。)”可推知，心脏病和中风直接的原因是动脉硬化。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据第七段中的“Foranormaladult,20to30gramsofproteinpermeal,or60to90gramsofproteinperdayisadequatetosupporthealth.(对于一个正常的成年人来说，每餐20至30克蛋白质，或每天60至90克蛋白质足以维持健康。)”可知，为了健康，成年人需要摄入适当量（20-30克）的蛋白质。故选A。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thestudycombinedhumantrialswithexperimentsinmiceandcells.(该研究将人体试验与小鼠和细胞试验结合起来。)”可知，该研究结合了人类的实验、和老鼠、细胞中的结论。整个研究相对科学、严谨。选A。B（2024·湖南·二模）TheCaliforniaseaotter(海獭),oncehuntedtotheedgeofextinction,hasstagedathrillingcomebackinthelastcentury.Now,scientistshavediscoveredthattheotters’successstoryhasledtosomethingjustasremarkable:therestorationoftheirdecliningcoastalmarsh(沼泽)habitat.ElkhornSlough,acoastalmarshwithinMontereyBay,hadbeenexperiencingseveredamage.Therootcausewasagrowingpopulationofshorecrabs,whichfedheavilyonthemarshplants,weakeningthestructuralintegrityofthehabitat.Coastalmarsheslikethesearenotonlynaturaldefensesagainststormwavesbutalsoserveasimportantcarbonstorageareasandwater-cleaningsystems.Theconservation-drivencomebackoftheseaotterhasbeencrucial.California’scoastlineswereoncealivewithseaotters.Sadly,theywerenearlywipedoutatthehandsoffurtraders.Inthe1980s,conservationeffortsaidedtheseottersinre-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange.Now,ElkhornSloughhasthehighestconcentrationofseaottersinCalifornia,withapopulationofabout100.Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,theottershavehelpedasignificantregrowthofplantlife.BrentHughes,ascientistworkingalongsideAngelini,ledathree-yearstudy.Theirfindingswereclear:inareaswithseaotters,crabnumbersfellma