重庆市九龙坡区2024届高三下学期二模诊断英语试题

重庆市九龙坡区2024届高三下学期二模诊断英语试题姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六总分评分一、阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Experiencetheultimatewellnessretreatforyourmind,body,andsoulamidstthebreathtakinglandscapesofIceland.Acrossthecountryareworld-classspasthattapintoIceland'sabundant,sustainableandmineral-richwatersfromgeothermal(地热的)sources.Icelandisatruedestination,attractingtiredtravelersfromacrosstheglobe.SecretLagoonSecretLagoonnaturalhotspringsarelocatedinthesmallvillagecalledFludir.InthewholeareathereareseveralgeothermalspotsandalittleGeysirwhicheruptsevery5minutes,showingofffortheguestsrelaxinginthehotspring.Duringwinter,thenorthernlightsareoftengivingagreatlightshowaboveSecretLagoon.TheBlueLagoonTheBlueLagoonisahealthandgeothermalspaontheReykjanesPeninsula.FortenconsecutiveyearsBlueLagoonhasbeenawardedtheBlueFlagenvironmentalrecognitiongrantedtonaturalbeachesandhotsprings.Thelagoonholdsninemillionlitersofgeothermalseawater.LaugarvatnFontanaLaugarvatnFontanaistheplaceforrelaxationandanauthenticIcelandicexperience.Soakinthewarmgeothermalpoolsandgetenergizedinthenaturalsteamrooms,withthehotspringbubblingrightbelowyou.BesurenottomissavisittotastethedeliciousryebreadthatgrandmothersoftheareahavebeenbakinginthehotspringsofLaugarvatnfordecades.MývatnNatureBathsLocatedintheheartofnorth-eastIcelandabout105kilometres(65miles)southoftheArcticCircle,LakeMývatnanditssurroundingsareoneofEurope'sgreatestnaturaltreasures.Containingauniqueblendofminerals,silicatesandmicro-organisms,thewarmsoothingwaterofMyvatnNatureBathbenefitsbothskinandspiritalike.1．WhatdoSecretLagoonandTheBlueLagoonhaveincommon?A．Theyownnaturalhotsprings.B．Theyholdgeothermalseawater.C．Theyfeaturesquitelonghistories.D．Theyhavelightshowsforvisitors.2．Wherecantravelersexperiencethelocalelder-makingfood?A．SecretLagoon. B．TheBlueLagoon.C．LaugarvatnFontana. D．MývatnNatureBaths.3．WhatisafeatureofMývatnNatureBaths?A．Itofferstravelersgeothermalspaservices.B．ItseesaGeysirthateruptsevery5minutes.C．ItcontainsEurope'sgreatestnaturalandculturalresources.D．Itenjoysamixtureofminerals,silicatesandmicro-organisms.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Finland'ssystemforreturningdrinkcontainersstartedinthe1950s,andtodayalmosteverybottleandcanisrecycled.Convenienceisthecornerstoneofthesystem'ssuccess.Nowadaystherearealmost5,000container-returnmachinesacrossFinland.Mostofthemarelocatedinthesameshopsthatselldrinks,makingreturningthemaconvenientpartofpeople'sroutine.Hotels,restaurants,offices,schoolsandeventorganizersreturncontainersthroughtheirdrinkproviders.Thereturnmachinesareeasytouse.Youplaceabottleorcanonasetofminiconveyorbeltsatthefrontofthemachine.Theycarryitpastascannerandoutofsight.Themachinesortsthebottlesandcrushesthecans.Whenyou'redone,youpressabuttonandthemachinegivesyouareceipt.Plasticbottlesareworth20to40cents,dependingontheirsize,whileglassbottlesareworth10to40centsandaluminium(铝)cansare15cents.Thereturnedcontainersarerecycledorthematerialsarereused.AcrossFinland,onaverage,everyFinnreturns373itemsinayear:251aluminiumcans,98plasticbottlesand24glassbottles.Thegovernmenthasentrustedthisfunctiontotheprivateagency."Palpaiscompletelynonprofitandreceivesnogovernmentfunding,"saysTommiVihavainen,Palpa'sdirectorofproducerservices,ICTandcommunication.Russia,theUKandothercountrieshaveshowninterestintheFinnishsystem."MostvisitorswanttoseehowthereturnsystemworksinFinland,"saysVihavainen."Wedon'tactasconsultants,butwe'reproudtopresentoursystem."4．WhatdoweknowaboutFinland'ssystemforreturningdrinkcontainers?A．Itstillhasalongwaytodevelop.B．Itgainspopularityforitsconvenience.C．Itusedtobefashionablebutnowout-dated.D．It'ssupportedfinanciallybythegovernment.5．Whydoesthewriterusethefiguresinparagraph3?A．ToshowFinnsconsumevariousdrinks.B．Tohelpmakethestorymoreinteresting.C．Tomaketheimpactofthesystemconvincing.D．Toguaranteetheproperlogicofthepassage.6．What'sVihavainen'sattitudetowardsthereturnsystem?A．Indifferent. B．Positive. C．Pessimistic. D．Dismissive.7．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Finland'srecyclingprogrammekeepsbottlesoffstreets.B．Thereturnmachinesintheworldarepopularandeasy.C．Palpa—acompletenonprofittorecyclethebottles.D．Finland—acountryfreeofwastesuchasbottles.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Julywastheworld'shottestmonthonrecord.WildfiresthissummerdestroyedaHawaiiancityandcausedexcuations(疏散)inCanada.Greece,andThailand.FloodsdevastatedtownsinVermontinJulyandkilledthousandsofLibyansinSeptember.JohnVaillant'snewbookFireWeatheraimstoshakeusoutofthiswithataleofterrorfromaclimatechangefrontline:thecityofFortMcMurray,innorthernCanada'svastforest,whereanuncontrollablewildfireduringanexceptionallywarmspringin2016floodedentirecommunitieswithindays.Vaillanttellshisstoryatdisaster-moviepace,startingwiththeglimpseofsmokeonthehorizonandassurancesfromtheauthoritiesthatallwillbefine.Mountingmisfortunefollowsastheflameslickgolfcoursesonthecity'sedge.Bytheend,90,00peoplehadbeenevacuated,2,500structuresdestroyed,another500damaged.Theenergygeneratedbythefirecreateditsownweathersystem,withhurricaneforcewindsandlightningstrikes.Whatattractsmemostisthebook'scentralirony.ThestorytakesplaceinFortMcMurrary,whichistheindustrialcentreofnorthernAlberta'starsands,oneoftheworld'slargestfossilfueldeposits.Itisacitywhoseexistencedependsonthehydrocarbonswhoseburningcausedclimatechange;butwhoseexistencealmostendedinaclimate-causedburning.FireWeatherisn'tatypicaldisasterbook.Vaillant'sreferencestoNassimTaleb,Lucretius,SeamusHeaney,TheLordoftheRings,Xerxes,andMoby-Dickcangrant.ButVaillant'sthemeisalsocatchingmyeyes.Ourindustrialworldisreleasingcarbonatarate10timesfasterthanscientistscanfindinthegeologicalrecordforthepast250mnyears,hewrites."Thankstofireandourappetiteforboundlessenergy,wehaveevolvedintoageologiceventthatwillbemeasurableamillionyearsfromnow."8．What'sthepurposeofmentioningtheexamplesinparagraph1?A．Toshowthevarietiesofnaturedisasters.B．Toengagethereadersinthesametopic.C．Toindicatethedifficultiesoftheseareas.D．Toprovidethebackgroundofthebook.9．What'sspecialaboutthebookaccordingtothispassage?A．Plotandviewpoint. B．Characterandconflict.C．Settingandtheme. D．Toneandstyle.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"grant"inparagraph5mean?A．Bepresented. B．Berefused.C．Bepreserved. D．Berecorded.11．Whereasthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Anessayontheclimatechange.B．AguidebooktoFortMcMurrary.C．Areviewofworlddisasters.D．Anintroductiontoabook.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Thepastfewmonthshavebroughtelectrifyingnewsthat,forthefirsttime,agenetreatmenthasprovidedsomehearingtochildrenbornwithdeafness.EliLillyannouncedthisweek,forexample,thataprofoundlydeafboyfromMoroccogivenitstreatmentaspartofaclinicaltrialinPhiladelphiacannowhear.AndfivechildreninChinatreatedsimilarlyatyoungeragesgainedhearingwithsomeabletoverballycommunicatewithouttheircochlearimplants(人工耳蜗).Theirhearingrecovery,firstcoveredbythepressinOctober2023,isdescribedindetailthisweekinTheLancet."It'sanenormousachievement,"saysgeneticistKarenAvrahamofTelAvivUniversity.Otolaryngologist(耳鼻喉科专家)andgenetherapistLawrenceLustigofColumbiaUniversity,whoselabwasamongthefirsttotestthesameapproachinmice,agrees."Otherthancochlearimplants,wehaven'treallyhadanysuccessfultreatmentstotreatdeafness,"henotes.Thevariouseffortsfromcompaniesandacademiccenterseachuseavirustoinsertthesamegene,OTOF,intothechildren'sinnerearsotheso-calledhaircellstherecansensesoundandtransmitittothebrain.Thenewdeafnesstreatmentsaddtoastringofrecentsuccessesforthegenetreatmentfield,butalsoraisequestions.Theear'shaircellsdon'tdivide,sothenewcopiesofOTOFtheycontainshouldpersistandcontinuetoinstructthecellstomakeOTOF.Geneexpressioncoulddropoffovertimeortheearcouldmountanimmuneresponsethatshutsitoff.ButLustigisoptimisticthatthevariouschallengeswillbeovercome."Nowthatwe'vegotonesuccessstory,there'sgoingtobemoremoneycomingintofundsomeoftheseotherprojects,"hesays.12．Whatdoweknowaboutthenewtreatment?A．Itisatotallymaturepractice.B．It'saChina-onlyclinicaltrial.C．Itusesavirustosensesound.D．Itaimstotreatthedeafness.13．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactofthetreatment?A．Breakthrough. B．Regret.C．Disappointment. D．Adventure.14．Whatistheproblemofthegenetreatment?A．Thebrainrefusestoreceiveit.B．Genestopstoproducehaircells.C．Geneexpressionmightbeweakened.D．Companiesreallyprofitalotfromit.15．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ElectrifyingNewsBasedonSomeClinicalTrialsB．GeneTreatmentThatBringsDeafChildrenHopeC．WaysHowScientistsDevelopCochlearImplantsD．ChallengesAbouttheNewDeafnessTreatment二、第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项（选项中有两项为多余选项）。Ploggingisagreatwaytomakeyourlittleareaoftheworldalittlecleaner,brighter,andsaferwhileboostingyourownhealth,fitness,andmood.ThisupandcomingenvironmentalactivitybeganinSwedenin2016.16．.ItisquiteacommonsceneacrossotherEuropeancountries,aswellastheUnitedStates,Mexico,andotherareas.Definitionofplogging17．.Itisatermmadebycombining"jogging"with"plockaupp,"whichisSwedishfor"pickup."Therefore,theploggingdefinitionisanemergingfitnessthatinvolvespickinguplitterortrashwhileyourun.BenefitsofploggingBecauseploggingtypicallyinvolvesjoggingorrunning,therearemanyhealthbenefitstothiseco-friendlyfitnesstrend.However,thebenefitsextendbeyondjustimprovinghearthealth.18．.First,itimprovesmoodandmakesyoufeelgoodaboutyourself.What'smore,itgivesbacktoyourcommunityandconnectsyouonlineandbuildssocialconnectionswithotherploggers.HowtogetstartedBeforeyoustart,you'llneedtooutfityourselfwiththerightgeartogetthejobdone.Ifyou'realreadyrunningorjogging,youshouldhaveagoodpairofrunningshoesandrunningapparel(装备).19．.Otherwise,brokenglassandsharpanddirtylitteritemsyoumaypickupwillhurtyou.Atrashbagofsomesortforcollectingwhatyoupickupisamustaswell.20．.Theoretically,youcangoploggingalmostanywhereyouhavepermissiontobe.Dependingonwhereyoulive,youmayencountertrashalongthesideoftheroads,parks,schoolplaygrounds,trails,parkinglots,townsquaresandbikepaths.

A.HowtodoploggingB.WheretogoploggingC.IthassincespreadaroundtheworldD.HerearesomeofthetopbenefitsofploggingE.It'simportantthatyouhavetherightfootwearI.Beyondthat,you'llneedagoodpairofglovestoprotectyourhandsGPloggingisnot,infact,acompoundwordof"plodding"and"jogging"三、第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenmysonReacecelebratedhissixthbirthdaytwoyearsago,hemadeawishthatIwouldgetatransplant.Lessthanaweeklater,hiswishcametruewhenIreceivednew21．.Bornwithabreathingdisease,Iwasabletomanagemy22．withoutahospitalvisituntilIwas23.At30,23．,itsteadilyworsenedandIwas24．foratransplant.Istartedhavingcheck-upsonceayear,theneverysixmonths,theneverythreemonthsuntilIwas25．livingatthehospitalandreliantonoxygentosurvive.Everyday26．likehavingashowerorbrushingmyhairbecame27．.Afterfourmonthsonthelist,I28．thecalltosayapairoflungswasavailable.Thetransplantwassuccessfulandthe29．wasnoticeable.BeforemytransplantIhadbeenso30．,Icouldn'tevenwalkfromthecouchtothefrontdoorwithout31．mybreath—anditwasonlysixpaces.32．.IwassousedtobeingbreathlessthatIdidn'tknowanydifference.Ihad33．whatitwouldbeliketobea34．personandnowIknow.Icandoeverythinganordinarymumwoulddo:housework,workout,ortakingReacetobasketball.Iamextremelygratefultomy35．andhisfamily.21．A．medicines B．gifts C．lungs D．hearts22．A．condition B．weight C．stress D．emotion23．A．therefore B．however C．otherwise D．besides24．A．scheduled B．hospitalized C．listed D．selected25．A．barely B．previously C．temporarily D．basically26．A．tasks B．challenges C．decisions D．concerns27．A．necessary B．fundamentalC．impossible D．contradictory28．A．missed B．received C．returned D．rejected29．A．symptom B．damage C．trouble D．difference30．A．sick B．nervous C．sensitive D．innocent31．A．catching B．holding C．losing D．recovering32．A．Fortunately B．Actually C．Possibly D．Eventually33．A．understood B．experienced C．recalled D．wondered34．A．normal B．distinguishedC．disabled D．responsible35．A．doctor B．nurse C．child D．donor四、第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Itisabeautifuldrone(无人机)shot,36．popularkindofvideoyoumightseeinatravelvideo.However,thereisnodrone37．camera,andyouneedn'ttravelinpersonbecausethevideowasgeneratedbyAI,whichisfromanewtoolprogrammedbyOpenAIcalledSora.It'snotperfect,butit'salargestepupfromwhatwe'veseenbefore.Whatmostpeopledon'tknowis38．Soracandomorethanjustcreatevideosfromscratch.Itcancombineseparatevideosintoonescene.Anditsvideoscanbeup39．aminutelongandin1080presolution.40．(compare)withRunwayML,thedifferencewithSoraisthatit'scoherent.Previoussystemhavea41．(character)morphing(图像渐变)qualityasthevideo42．(program).WithSora,that'svastlyreducedorgonealtogether.The43．(object)remainstableevenwhencoveredbythingsintheforeground.We'veseensomethingsimilartothisinresearchsince2019,butwhatisnewistheability44．(combine)twovideostogetherinonescene.Itcanalsomakeupdifferentcameraanglesofasinglescenewithjustoneprompt.Sora,likedigitalaudioworkstation45．(envelop)recordingstudiosseveralyearsago,mustbeatrendsoon.五、第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46．上周你校举行了主题为"ReadingandSharing"读书分享活动。请你为校英语报写一篇报道，内容包括：1.活动目的；2.活动过程；3.活动反响。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。六、第二节（满分25分）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ithadbeenachallengingweek,markedbyasuddenlargeincreaseinoilpricescoincidingwithasharpdropintemperaturesinBoston.Itwasnearlybelowzerodegree.Withthreemissedworkdaysundermybelt,myupcomingpaycheckwasgoingtobelowerthannormal.ThestressweighedheavilyonmeasIcarefullysoughtforeveryconceivableopportunitytosavepennies,ensuringthatIcouldaffordbothgroceriesandkeepthehousewarm.Myeight-year-oldsondidn'tunderstandwhenItoldhimwewerestrugglingthatweek.Hehadhisheartsetonaparticularbrandofyogurt,butIdidn'thavetheextrathreedollarstobuyitforhim.Itwasthekindofyogurtdecoratedwithacartoonchildskateboardingonitspackaging,containingameretwospoonfulspercup.Suchproducts,designedtolurechildrenwiththeirflashymarketing,onlyservedtomakemehateadvertising.However,abunchofparentalguiltgrippedmeashisinnocenteyesmetmine,silentlyquestioning,"Whyisyogurtsuchabigdeal?"Determınedtosweephisdisappointment,Imadeasacrificetypicalofsinglemothers.Ireturnedanitemneededtotheshelf,ensuringthathecouldenjoyhisfavoriteyogurt.Onthejourneybackfromthegrocerystore,asightcaughtmyattention—ahomelessman,holdingasignbytheroadside.Myheartached,andIturnedaround,observingpassers-bypurposefullysteer(绕开)clearofhim,avoidinganymeaningfulinteraction.Evenmysondidn'tseemtocaremuch.either.Yet,uponcloserinspection,Inoticedtheman—barehandsgraspingapieceofcardboard,snotfrozentohisface,aworn-outjacket.AndthereIwasstrugglingbecauseIhadtobuyoilandgroceries.ButIdecidedtohelp.Ipulledovertothemanandhandedhimafive-dollarbill.注意：1）续写词数应为150左右；2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Seeingthis,mysonbecameconfusedandsurprised.Onthatday,mysonperformedanactthatmostadultswouldn'thavedone.

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．C3．D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个含有地热水的地方。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题一种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。1．细节理解题。根据第二段"InthewholeareathereareseveralgeothermalspotsandalittleGeysirwhicheruptsevery5minutes,showingofffortheguestsrelaxinginthehotspring.(整个地区有几个地热点和一个小间歇泉，每5分钟喷发一次，为在温泉中放松的客人展示。)"以及第三段"FortenconsecutiveyearsBlueLagoonhasbeenawardedtheBlueFlagenvironmentalrecognitiongrantedtonaturalbeachesandhotsprings.(蓝泻湖连续十年被授予天然海滩和温泉的蓝旗环境认可。)"可知，秘密泻湖和蓝色泻湖的共同之处是都有天然温泉。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"BesurenottomissavisittotastethedeliciousryebreadthatgrandmothersoftheareahavebeenbakinginthehotspringsofLaugarvatnfordecades.(一定不要错过品尝美味的黑麦面包的机会，这是该地区的祖母们几十年来在劳加瓦滕的温泉里烘烤的面包。)"可知，游客在LaugarvatnFontana可以体验到当地的制作老人的食物。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段"Containingauniqueblendofminerals,silicatesandmicro-organisms,thewarmsoothingwaterofMyvatnNatureBathbenefitsbothskinandspiritalike.(含有独特的矿物质，硅酸盐和微生物的混合物，Myvatn自然浴温暖舒缓的水对皮肤和精神都有好处。)"可知，Mývatn自然浴场的特色是它是矿物质、硅酸盐和微生物的混合物。故选D。【答案】4．B5．C6．B7．A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了芬兰的饮料容器回收系统因为其方便而受到欢迎，介绍了其工作原理以及人们对此的看法。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。4．细节理解题。根据第一段"Convenienceisthecornerstoneofthesystem'ssuccess.(便利是该系统成功的基石)"可知，芬兰的饮料容器回收系统因其方便而受到欢迎。故选B。5．推理判断题。根据第三段"Thereturnedcontainersarerecycledorthematerialsarereused.AcrossFinland,onaverage,everyFinnreturns373itemsinayear:251aluminiumcans,98plasticbottlesand24glassbottles.(回收的容器被回收或材料被再利用。在芬兰，平均每个芬兰人每年要退回373件物品：251个铝罐、98个塑料瓶和24个玻璃瓶)"推知，作者在第三段使用这些数字是为了使该系统的影响具有说服力。故选C。6．推理判断题。根据最后一段"Wedon'tactasconsultants,butwe'reproudtopresentoursystem.(我们不充当顾问，但我们很自豪地展示我们的系统)"可知，Vihavainen对回收制度的态度是积极的。故选B。7．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段"Finland'ssystemforreturningdrinkcontainersstartedinthe1950s,andtodayalmosteverybottleandcanisrecycled.Convenienceisthecornerstoneofthesystem'ssuccess.(芬兰的饮料容器回收系统始于20世纪50年代，如今几乎所有的瓶子和罐头都被回收利用。便利是该系统成功的基石)"可知，这篇文章主要讲的是芬兰的回收项目让瓶子远离街道。故选A。【答案】8．B9．C10．A11．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了JohnVaillant的新书《火灾天气》，包括其主要情节、叙事特点、讽刺意味以及探究的主题。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和词义猜测题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测词义。8．推理判断题。第一段"Julywastheworld'shottestmonthonrecord.WildfiresthissummerdestroyedaHawaiiancityandcausedevacuations(疏散)inCanada,Greece,andThailand.FloodsdevastatedtownsinVermontinJulyandkilledthousandsofLibyansinSeptember.(7月是世界上有记录以来最热的一个月。今年夏天的野火摧毁了夏威夷的一座城市，并导致加拿大、希腊和泰国的居民撤离。7月，洪水摧毁了佛蒙特州的城镇，9月，数千名利比亚人丧生)"用具体的自然灾害事例说明7月的炎热，第二段中"JohnVaillant'snewbookFireWeatheraimstoshakeusoutofthiswithataleofterrorfromaclimatechangefrontline(JohnVaillant的新书《火灾天气》旨在用一个来自气候变化前线的恐怖故事让我们摆脱这种困境)"提到JohnVaillant的新书《火灾天气》的主题，这一主题与第一段中的自然灾害事例密切相关。由此推知，提到这些例子的目的是让读者对同一个话题产生兴趣。故选B。9．细节理解题。根据第四段"Whatattractsmemostisthebook'scentralirony.ThestorytakesplaceinFortMcMurrary,whichistheindustrialcentreofnorthernAlberta'starsands,oneoftheworld'slargestfossilfueldeposits.Itisacitywhoseexistencedependsonthehydrocarbonswhoseburningcausedclimatechange;butwhoseexistencealmostendedinaclimate-causedburning.(最吸引我的是这本书的核心讽刺。故事发生在FortMcMurrary，它是阿尔伯塔省北部焦油砂的工业中心，是世界上最大的化石燃料矿床之一。这座城市的存在依赖于碳氢化合物，而碳氢化合物的燃烧导致了气候变化；但它的存在几乎在气候引起的燃烧中结束)"和最后一段中"ButVaillant'sthemeisalsocatchingmyeyes.(但Vaillant的主题也引起了我的注意)"可知，作者认为这本书的特别之处在于其背景设置为世界上最大的化石燃料矿床之一的FortMcMurrary，极具讽刺意味，以及其探究的主题。故选C。10．词义猜测题。画线词的前文"FireWeatherisn'tatypicaldisasterbook.(《火灾天气》不是一本典型的灾难书)"指出《火灾天气》作为灾难书的非典型性，这是一个评价，再结合画线词所在句的主语"Vaillant'sreferencestoNassimTaleb,Lucretius,SeamusHeaney,TheLordoftheRings,Xerxes,andMoby-Dick(Vaillant引用了纳西姆·塔勒布、卢克莱修、谢默斯·希尼、《指环王》、薛西斯和《白鲸》)"可推知，这些引用可以佐证上一句中的评价，此处指这些引用"都可以证明这一点"，画线词意思与Bepresented"被呈现出来（证明）"相近。故选A。11．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中"JohnVaillant'snewbookFireWeatheraimstoshakeusoutofthiswithataleofterrorfromaclimatechangefrontline(JohnVaillant的新书《火灾天气》旨在用一个来自气候变化前线的恐怖故事让我们摆脱这种困境)"可知，文章围绕JohnVaillant的新书《火灾天气》展开，主要介绍了其主要情节、叙事特点、讽刺意味以及探究的主题等内容。因此，文章应该出自对一本书的介绍。故选D。【答案】12．D13．A14．C15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基因治疗在治疗先天性耳聋儿童方面取得的成功。最近几个月以来，一些媒体报道了几例儿童接受基因治疗后听力恢复的情况，专家对这一突破性成果表示欣喜。尽管新的治疗方法存在挑战，但科学家们仍然乐观地认为这些问题可以克服。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中"forthefirsttime,agenetreatmenthasprovidedsomehearingtochildrenbornwithdeafness(一项基因治疗首次为先天性失聪儿童提供了一些听力)"可知，这个新疗法的目的是治疗失聪。故选D。13．推理判断题。根据第三段中KarenAvraham所说的话"It'sanenormousachievement(这是一个巨大的成就)"和LawrenceLustig所说的话"Otherthancochlearimplants,wehaven'treallyhadanysuccessfultreatmentstotreatdeafness(除了人工耳蜗，我们还没有任何成功的治疗失聪的方法)"可知，这一疗法成就很大，打破了以往只有人工耳蜗可以成功治疗失聪的情况。因此，这一疗法是一项突破。故选A。14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中"Theear'shaircellsdon'tdivide,sothenewcopiesofOTOFtheycontainshouldpersistandcontinuetoinstructthecellstomakeOTOF.Geneexpressioncoulddropoffovertimeortheearcouldmountanimmuneresponsethatshutsitoff.(耳朵的毛细胞不会分裂，所以它们所包含的新的OTOF复制体应该会持续存在，并继续指导细胞制造OTOF。随着时间的推移，基因表达可能会下降，或者耳朵会产生免疫反应，将其关闭。)"可知，这一基因疗法的问题是基因表达可能会减弱。故选C。15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段"Thepastfewmonthshavebroughtelectrifyingnewsthat,forthefirsttime,agenetreatmenthasprovidedsomehearingtochildrenbornwithdeafness.(过去几个月带来了令人振奋的消息，基因治疗首次为先天性失聪儿童提供了一些听力。)"可知，文章围绕基因治疗在治疗先天性失聪儿童方面取得的成功展开。文章介绍了最近几个月以来，一些媒体报道了几例儿童接受基因治疗后听力恢复的情况，专家对这一突破性成果表示欣喜。尽管新的治疗方法存在挑战，但科学家们仍然乐观地认为这些问题可以克服。因此，B项"基因治疗给失聪儿童带来希望"契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B。【答案】16．C；17．G；18．D；19．F；20．B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ploggging（跑步捡垃圾）这项环保活动的情况。

【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题时，要求考生注意通读整篇文章，把握整段脉络，理出文章的中心，分析段落之间和段落内部的层次。选项与前后句之间的逻辑关系是确定答案的主要依据。可以从意思、关键词、关联词来分析段落之间以及段落内部的逻辑关系。七选五解题的一些实用技巧如下。第一，快速浏览全文，把握文章主旨。在开始解题前，快速浏览全文，了解文章的大致内容和主题，有助于更好地理解和判断每个选项的合适性。第二，注意段首句和段尾句。段首句往往是对整段的概括或引入，而段尾句则常常是对该段的总结或结论。因此，关注这些句子有助于我们快速了解段落的主旨，从而更好地选择答案。第三，利用上下文语境和逻辑关系进行推断。在选择答案时，要仔细阅读上下文，寻找与选项相关的线索和信息，如关联词、同义词、反义词等。同时，也要根据逻辑关系进行推断，如因果、转折、并列等，从而确定正确答案。第四，排除法也是一种有效的解题方法。当面对多个选项时，可以先排除与文章主旨或上下文不符的选项，然后再根据剩余选项的内容进行比较和选择。16．根据上文"Ploggingisagreatwaytomakeyourlittleareaoftheworldalittlecleaner,brighter,andsaferwhileboostingyourownhealth,fitness,andmood.ThisupandcomingenvironmentalactivitybeganinSwedenin2016.(Plogging是一个很好的方法，可以让你的小区域变得更干净，更明亮，更安全，同时促进你自己的健康，健身和情绪。这项即将到来的环保活动于2016年在瑞典开始)"后文"ItisquiteacommonsceneacrossotherEuropeancountries,aswellastheUnitedStates,Mexico,andotherareas.(在欧洲其他国家，以及美国、墨西哥和其他地区，这是一个相当常见的场景)"可知，后文提到了Plogging活动在世界各地都很常见，说明传播到了世界各地。故C选项"它已经传播到世界各地"符合语境，故选C。17．根据后文"Itisatermmadebycombining"jogging"with"plockaupp,"whichisSwedishfor"pickup."Therefore,theploggingdefinitionisanemergingfitnessthatinvolvespickinguplitterortrashwhileyourun.(这个词是由"慢跑"和"plockaupp"组合而成的，"plockaupp"是瑞典语的"捡起来"。因此，plogging的定义是一种新兴的健身方式，包括一边跑步一边捡垃圾)"可知，本句主要是在解释plogging这个单词的构成以及定义，故G选项"事实上，Plogging并不是"plodding"和"慢跑"的合成词"符合语境，故选G。18．根据后文"First,itimprovesmoodandmakesyoufeelgoodaboutyourself.What'smore,itgivesbacktoyourcommunityandconnectsyouonlineandbuildssocialconnectionswithotherploggers.(首先，它能改善情绪，让你自我感觉良好。更重要的是，它回馈了你的社区，连接了你的网络，并与其他博客建立了社会联系)"可知，本句主要引出后文，说明ploggging的好处。故D选项"以下是ploggging的一些最大好处"符合语境，故选D。19．根据后文"Otherwise,brokenglassandsharpanddirtylitteritemsyoumaypickupwillhurtyou.(否则，你可能捡起的碎玻璃和尖锐的脏垃圾会伤害到你)"可知，本句主要是说明如何不被碎玻璃和尖锐的脏垃圾伤害的保护措施。故F选项"除此之外，你还需要一副好的手套来保护你的手"符合语境，故选F。20．根据本段内容"Theoretically,youcangoploggingalmostanywhereyouhavepermissiontobe.Dependingonwhereyoulive,youmayencountertrashalongthesideoftheroads,parks,schoolplaygrounds,trails,parkinglots,townsquaresandbikepaths.(理论上讲，你几乎可以去任何你允许去的地方。根据你住的地方不同，你可能会在路边、公园、学校操场、小路、停车场、城镇广场和自行车道边遇到垃圾)"可知，本段主要介绍了可以进行ploggging活动的地点。故B选项"去哪里跑步捡垃圾"符合语境，故选B。【答案】21．C；22．A；23．B；24．C；25．D；26．A；27．C；28．B；29．D；30．A；31．C；32．B；33．D；34．A；35．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者生来就患有呼吸系统疾病，在病情恶化后接受了肺移植手术，并成功获得了新的肺的故事。在手术前，作者生活在病痛中，甚至做日常任务都是困难的。但通过移植手术，她重获健康，可以像正常人一样生活和照顾自己的儿子，她很感恩捐赠者和他的家人。

【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。21．句意：不到一周后，他的愿望就实现了，我得到了新的肺。A.medicines"药品"；B.gifts"礼物"；C.lungs"肺"；D.hearts"心脏"。根据下文"Afterfourmonthsonthelist,I8thecalltosayapairoflungswasavailable."可知，作者是得到了新的肺。故选C。22．句意：我生来就患有呼吸系统疾病，直到23岁之前，我都能控制自己的健康状况，不用去医院。A.condition"健康状况"；B.weight"体重"；C.stress"压力"；D.emotion"情绪"。根据空前"Bornwithabreathingdisease"可知，作者生来就患有呼吸系统疾病，因此指在不用去医院的情况下，控制自己的健康状况。故选A。23．句意：然而，在30岁的时候，病情逐渐恶化，我被列入了移植名单。A.therefore"因此"；B.however"然而"；C.otherwise"否则"；D.besides"此外"。根据上文"Bornwithabreathingdisease,Iwasabletomanagemy2withoutahospitalvisitunti