浙江省台州市2024届高三下学期二模英语试题

浙江省台州市2024届高三下学期二模英语试题姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五总分评分一、阅读，第一节，阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读理解StudentstoCompetein34thNationalScienceBowlThousandsofstudentsfrommiddleandhighschoolsacrossthecountryhavecommittedthemselvestoextrastudyhoursastheypreparetocompeteintheDepartmentofEnergy's(DOE's)34thNationalScienceBowl(NSB).Thesestudentsarehardatworknowtowintheirregionalcompetitions,hopingtoadvancetothefinalcompetition.ThefirstregionaleventwilltakeplaceonJanuary13thwithhighschoolsfromtheD.C./Marylandarea.Teamswillfaceoffinafast-paced,question-and-answerformat,andtheirknowledgeinallareasofscienceandmathematicswillbetested.Regionalswillcontinueweeklyuntilmid-March.ThewinningteamfromeachqualifyingregionalcompetitionwillbequalifiedtocompeteintheNationalFinalstobeheldinWashington,D.C.,fromApril25-29,2024,withallexpensespaidbyDOE.Thenationaleventconsistsofseveraldaysofscienceactivitiesandsightseeing,alongwiththecompetitions.IntheNationalFinals,thetoptwoteamswillearn$5,000fortheirschools'mathandsciencedepartments.Schoolsrankinginthetop16willreceive$1,000fortheirsciencedepartments.Buttomany,theultimateprizeissimplythehonorofwinningtheNationalChampionship.Today,theNSBannuallydrawsmorethan10,000middleandhighschoolcompetitors.Sincethefirstcompetitionin1991,approximately344,000studentshavefacedoffintheNSBFinals.The2024competitorswillfollowinthefootstepsofpreviousNSBcontestantsandwillblazeatrailforstudentsinscience,math,andengineering.Formoreinformation,pleasevisittheOfficeofSciencewebsite.1．Whichwordcanbestdescribetheregionalcompetitions?A．Fair. B．Interesting. C．Special. D．Challenging2．WhatcanwelearnabouttheNationalFinals?A．Thechampionshipvictoryishighlyvalued.B．Theeventonlyinvolvesfiercecompetitions.C．MostoftheexpenseswillbecoveredbyDOE.D．Theprizemoneywillbeawardedtoindividuals.3．Whatisthetext?A．Anewsrelease. B．Asurveyreport.C．Alearningproject. D．Ascientificreview.阅读理解Intheearly19thcentury,NewEnglandfarmers,tiredofwrestlingwiththeirpoorland,journeyedtotheMidwest.InstateslikeIllinoisandIowa,theyfoundrich,blacksoil.Unfortunately,manysoonfeltlikethirstysailorsinthemiddleoftheocean—watereverywherebutnotadroptodrink.Theyweresurroundedbyfertilesoil,buthadtostopeveryfewsecondstoremovethestickydirtofftheirironplows(犁)withlargewoodenpaddles.ThisdilemmacaughttheattentionofJohnDeere,ablacksmithwhomovedtoIllinoisin1836.Deeredecidedtolookintotheproblem.Fromhispreviousworkonplows,heknewthatdirtwaslesslikelytosticktohighlypolishedmetal.Thatthoughtwasinthebackofhismindwhenhevisitedasawmill(锯木厂)in1837andnoticedabrokensawmadeofsteel.Deerebroughtithomeandbeganmakingabetterplow.Theplowhewantedwouldhavetocutdeepintothesoilatasharpanglesothatdirtwouldfalloff,yetitcouldnotputtoomuchburdenonthehorsespullingit.Afterseveralexperiments,Deereconstructedanewplowthatfeaturedwoodhandles.Itprovedasuccess.Unliketheoldironplows,Deere'snotonlyhadabladefromwhichdirtfellawaycleanly,butitalsoturnedthesoilmoreefficientlyandquickly.DemandforDeere'splowsincreasedsharply,butproductionwaslimitedbytheshortageofpolishedsteel.Initially,Deerecouldonlyproduceafewplowseachyear.However,Deere'spersistencepaidoffashesourcedcheapersteelfromPittsburgh.Amazingly,in1857,hiscompanymanufacturedandsold10,000plows!Deere,aperfectionist,continuallyimprovedhisplows,introducingmultiplenewversionsinasingleyear.Whilethissloweddownhisproductionability,itensuredDeereasolidreputationamonghiscustomers.Deereplowsbecameworldfamousinthe1870swhentheyoutshonethecompetitioninademonstrationinFrance.Thatsamedecade,hiscompanybuiltitsfirstridingplowanddesignedtheleapingdeerasitstrademark.4．Whatwasthemainproblemthenewlysettledfarmersmet?A．Ashortageoffreshwater.B．Alackofrichfarmingland.C．Thetroubleinhandlingthesoilonplows.D．Thedifficultyofgrowingplantsinseason.5．Whichaspectofthenewplowdoesparagraph2focuson?A．Itsuniquefeatures. B．Itsoperatingmethod.C．Itsinventionprocess. D．Itsworkingefficiency.6．ThelastparagraphismainlyaboutDeereplows'____.A．widerecognition B．marketingstrategyC．technicalstandards D．productionchallenges7．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AFamedFarmer B．ASuccessfulCompanyC．AStickyProblem D．AHistoricalExperiment阅读理解Fivetimesstrongerthansteel,spidersilk'suniquequalitieswererecognizedbytheAncientGreeks—andmorerecently,scientistshavelookedatapplicationsfrommedicinetoengineering.Now,aJapanesestartup,Spiber,hasbeguntochangethetextileindustrywiththisremarkablematerial.Thecompanystartedbymakingasubstituteinthelabthatissimilartospidersilkinstructure.Afterstudyingthousandsofdifferentspiderspeciesandothersilk-producinglifeforms,Spibersuccessfullyproducedanalternativetospidersilk.Thisbreakthroughwasachievedbyfermenting(发酵)amixtureofwater,sugar,andnutrientswithspecialmicrobestoproduceproteinpolymers(聚合物).Thesepolymersarethenmadeintofibers,pavingthewayforarangeofinnovativefabrics.However,shiftingfromlabtopracticalapplicationpresentedchallenges.In2015,SpiberpartneredwithTheNorthFaceJapantoproducealimited-editionrunof50"MoonParka"jacketstocelebratethe50thanniversaryofthemoonlandings.Butduringthedesignprocess,theteamdiscoveredthatspidersilkbecamesmallerwhenexposedtowater,andhadtotransformtheproteintomakethefibersuitableforanoutdoorjacket,whichtookthemfouryearstoperfect.Currently,thecompanyusessugarcaneandcornforitsfermentationprocess—cropsthatuselargevolumesoflandandchangefoodresources.Toreduceitsenvironmentalimpact,Spiberisdevelopingaprocesscalled"biospherecirculation"thatwilltransformdesertedclothesmadefromnaturalmaterialslikecottonintothesugarsneededforfermentation.Withapproximately100billionyen($783million)infunding,Spiberplanstosignificantlyspeedupitsproductionofproteinpolymersbytheendof2025."MassproductionwillhelpbringthepriceoffibersdownandallowSpibertoexpandbeyondthehigh-enddesignermarketandthuswehavethemeanstocreatesolutionstoenablemorecircularfashion,"saysHigashi,headofbusinessdevelopmentatSpiber."It'sourmissiontobringthosesolutionstotheworld."8．WhatbreakthroughdidSpiberachieveintheearlyresearch?A．Itmixedvariousproteinpolymers.B．Itproducedasilkmakingmachine.C．Itidentifieddifferentspiderspecies.D．Itcreatedareplacementforspidersilk.9．Whatwasthechallengeinmakingthe"MoonParka"jackets?A．Highdesigncosts.B．Spidersilk'ssensitivitytowater.C．Limitedrawmaterials.D．Thepartner'sunwillingnesstohelp.10．WhatcanweknowaboutSpiber's"biospherecirculation"process?A．Itwillreplacethecurrentfermentationprocess.B．Itwilluserecycledmaterialsforneededsugars.C．Itwillpromotethedevelopmentoffoodindustry.D．Itwillsimplifytheprocedureofclothingproduction.11．WhatisSpiber'splan?A．Toraisemoremoneyformassproduction.B．Toincreasetheoutputofproteinpolymers.C．Toworkwithotherhigh-endfashionbrands.D．Todevelopawiderrangeofexpensivefibers.阅读理解Wheninstantcakemixesfirstappearedinthe1950s,Americanhousewivesweredoubtful.Thesemixes,promisingeasycake-baking,felttooeasy.Themanufacturersdiscoveredthatrequiringtheadditionofanegginthebakingprocesswasjustenoughtomakethehousewiveshappywiththeirwork.Thegreatersenseofeffortgainedfromalittleextralaborisbelievedtohavebeenessentialtothelatersuccessofthecakemix.ThisreflectstheIKEAeffect(宜家效应),whichisidentifiedbypsychologistMichaelI.Nortonandhiscolleagues,suggestingweplacegreatervalueonthingswehaveworkedtocreate.Theyconductedfourstudiesinwhichtheyaskedparticipantstofoldpapercranesandfrogs,assembleIKEAboxes,andbuildsetsofLegos.Theythenaskedthebuilderstobid(出价)fortheircreations,andcomparedthepriceswithbidsfrompeoplewhohadn'tbuiltthem.Thebuildersconsistentlyoutbidthenon-builders.Interestingly,theIKEAeffectworksevenwhenpeoplehavenoopportunitytofullypersonalizetheircreations.Whilemostparticipants'foldingskillsleftmuchtobedesired,theylovedtheirimperfectlypersonalizedproductsallthemore.Buildersvaluedtheirwrinkledcrane-likecreationsnearlyfivetimesasmuchasnon-builders.Beauty,itseems,isintheeyeofthebuilder.Today,ascitiesaresufferingfromseverehousingcrises,theIKEAeffectcangiveusinsightintothewell-beingbenefitsofaself-buildingapproachtohousingdevelopment.ProjectslikeWikiHouseandthe"half-a-house"approachpioneeredbyAlejandroAravena'sarchitecturecompanyElementalareworkingtomakehousingmoreaffordableandsustainablebymakingiteasierforpeopletobuildandpersonalizetheirownhomes."Themomentpeopleareinvolvedwiththeirbuiltenvironment,theyhaveatotallydifferentrelationshiptoit,"WikiHouseco-founderAlastairParvinexplained."Whentheroofstartsleakingoradoorstartscreaking,theyhavethepowertofixitthemselves."12．Whatbroughtcustomersthejoyofcake-bakingaccordingtoparagraph1?A．Abettertaste. B．Aneasyapproach.C．Adetailedrecipe. D．Anadditionaleffort.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3imply?A．Creationsarebasedonskills.B．Extralaborincreasesperceivedvalue.C．Beautyisfoundthroughcontrast.D．Strictmanagementbringsgoodquality.14．WhatisAlastairParvin'sattitudetowardspublicinvolvementinhousing?A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.15．What'sthepurposeofthistext?A．Topromoteabrand. B．Tomakeaproposal.C．Toexplainaconcept. D．Tointroduceastudy.二、阅读，第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。IrunalotofwritingworkshopsinsecondaryschoolsandwhatIoftenseeisthis:teenagersinclassjustlookattheblankpageandfreeze.EvenwhenIassurethemtheycan'tgetitwrongincreativewriting,theystillpauseandfeelpainful,lookingtomeforclearanddefiniteinstructions.Thisbehaviorresultsfromtheirtrainingtomimic(模仿).16．Intime,theyareterrifiedofgettingthingswrongandriskingfailure.Creativityisnolongeradvocatedandisevenviewedasasoftskill,orevenaweakness.However,creativityishighlyvaluedbyemployers.AccordingtoTheConversation,creativityhasbeenthenumber-oneskilldemandedby20millionjobadsonLinkedInfortwoyearsinarow.17．Duetolimitededucationalresourcesandassessmentpressures,teenagers'thinkingbecomesincreasinglynarrow,leavingthemafraidtoexploreotherpossibilities.18．It'sjustanabilitytomakenewconnectionsandfollowwheretheygo.Actually,creativityrequiresqualitiesavailabletousall:courage,observation,curiosity,flexibilityandperseverance.Sohowdowehelpteenagersbehopefulandbrave?Firstly,weneedtoavoidtheideathattheirentirefuturesdependonthisveryassignmentorthatdecision.19．Thereisnorightwaytolivealife.Secondly,let'sencourageinquiry.Childrenarenaturallycurious,butthiscuriosityoftenfadesastheygrowolder,althoughitstillexistswithinthem.Justbecausetheylackanswersdoesn'tmeantheyshouldn'taskquestions;rather,theyshouldaskevenmore.20．Youngpeopleneedremindingthattheirstorieshaven'tbeenwritten.Theyneedopportunitiestotrynewthings.Theyneedpermissiontokeepasking"whatelseispossible?"becauseanythingis.A.Butinschools,itisdifferent.B.Beingcreativeisn'tamagicalskill.C.Itallowsustounderstandtheirfeelingsbetter.D.Theyknowitisasafewaytogetgoodgrades.E.Themainproblemishowtokeepthosecreativejuicesflowing.F.Lifeislongenoughtotrymanythings,andtochangedirections.G.Theuniverseisheldtogetherwithunansweredquestionsandendlesspossibilities.三、语言运用，第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。KwaneStewart,adevotedvet(兽医)inSanDiego,hadreachedapointofburnoutinhiscareer.Theanimal21．whereheworkedwasfullofabandonedpetsaspeople22．todealwiththeongoingeconomicdecline.Inthosedays,animalswouldbeeuthanized(安乐死)iftheyweren't23．insevendays.ThecruelrealitydeeplytroubledStewart,evenleadinghimtoconsider24．hisprofession.Onefatefulday,outsideaconveniencestore,he25．ahomelessmanwithadogsufferingfromavisibleskinissue.Theman,26．forasolution,sharedhisdog'ssuffering.Stewartexaminedthedogandthen27．somemedicinetohim.Intears,themanthankedStewart,saying"Thankyoufornot28．me".TheverywordsservedasawakeupcalltoStewardandinspiredhisnext29．.Stewartbeganworkingasastreetvetduringhisfreetime,determinedto30．onhisown.Overanine-yearperiod,heprovided31．medicalcareforover1,000homelesspeopleandtheirpetsandin2020,hecreatedanonprofitorganizationProjectStreetVet.ForStewart,themostrewardingaspectofhisworkliesintheone-on-one32．withthehomeless.By33．helpingtheircherishedcompanion,Stewarthelps34．theirfaithinhumanity.Theirgratitudefuelshimtocontinuehismission,offering35．tothosefacingawfulcircumstances.21．A．shop B．shelter C．lab D．farm22．A．struggled B．managed C．intended D．hesitated23．A．trained B．examined C．adopted D．selected24．A．assessing B．advancing C．delaying D．quitting25．A．mentioned B．interviewed C．recognized D．encountered26．A．regretful B．desperate C．grateful D．responsible27．A．delivered B．sold C．offered D．returned28．A．ignoring B．hurting C．blaming D．bothering29．A．game B．chapter C．firm D．research30．A．haveatry B．keepabalanceC．makeadifference D．setanexample31．A．free B．safe C．expensive D．private32．A．decisions B．connections C．discussions D．competitions33．A．slightly B．hardly C．simply D．generally34．A．celebrate B．follow C．test D．restore35．A．hope B．freedom C．pride D．respect四、语言运用，第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TangYangaveupapromisingcareerin1992tosaveanalmostlostart—thatof"Beijingsilkfigurine"(北京绢人).In1997,sheestablishedastudiowithfiveotherenthusiasts.Thentheyspent36．entireyearmakingseveralfigurines,onlytofindtherewasnomarketfortheirproducts."Afigurinecouldcost37．(basic)theannualsalaryofmanypeopleatthetimeduetopreciousmaterialsandcomplicatedhandicrafttechniques."Tangsaid."Manypotentialcustomerswereamazedbythebeautyofourproducts,buttheirprice38．(drive)themaway."ThefirstfailuretaughtTang39．theyneeded:findingwaystoreduceproductioncosts.Shemademanycreativeandbold40．(adaptation)tothetraditionalfigurines,likeusingmachinestopainttheclothes.Thesemeasurescutthepricetolessthanatenthofthe41．(origin)one.However,42．(lend)thedollsasenseofdelicacyandcraftsmanship,shepreservedseveralhandmadeprocessesforhairandmakeup.Afterdecadesofwhole-hearteddevotion43．thecraft,TangnowrunsherownBeijingfigurineproductbrandTangWawa."GirlsinChinaneedtheirowndolls.WhenIwaslittle,dolls44．(call)yangwawa,meaningWesterndolls."Tangcontinued."Iwantedtocreatedolls45．(bear)aculturalconnectiontoChinesepeople,figurineswitharichhistoricalimplication."五、写作(共两节，满分40分)46．假定你是李华，你负责的小组项目"SurveyingStudents'EnglishNovelReading"在学校项目评比中获奖，现受校英语俱乐部邀请作该项目的介绍。请用英语写一篇发言稿，内容包括：1.实施过程；2.组员感受。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearEnglishClubmembers,……Thankyou.47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Istoodintherestaurantkitchen,myeyeswide,armshangingawkwardly,readytoworkbutunsureofwhattodo."Youwillbetrainedfirst,"mymanagerAaronsaid,"anddoremembertocheckeverydetail!"Withthesewords,hewalkedaway.Aworkmatethrewmeadishbrushandsaid,"Let'sgetstarted."Heintroducedmetothebasicsofwashingdishesanddemonstratedtheprocess.Thiswasthebeginningofmypart-timejob,anewstagewhereIwasbotheagertolearnandanxiousaboutthechallengesahead.OnaFridaynight,Aaronswiftlyenteredthekitchen."Whohasjustbused(收拾)thebackrighttable?"heshouted,hisvoicesharpwithurgency.Myhands,slipperywithbubblesfromthebowlIwaswashing,nearlyletitslipthroughmyfingers.IwantedtosayIwasguilty,butAaron'scoldstaredidn'tpromiseahappyrewardfortheguywhoadmitted.Finally,amixoffearandmyownconsciencepushedtheresponseoutofmymouth."Idid,Aaron.""Whatwereyouthinking?Getbackouthereandlookatwhatyoumissed!"Hiswordsforcedmeforward.Igrabbedarag(抹布)andfollowedhimouttotabletwenty-two.Aswemadeourwaythroughtherestaurant,hesaidsomethingaboutrags,butIdidn'thearclearlywithotherconversationsgoingonaroundus.Iquicklyrealizedthetrueissuewasthemessbeneaththetable.Anearlyfullcupofbeerhadtippedover,creatingasmalllakeonthefloor.Itwasasignificantmistakeonmypart."Takecareofit!"Aarontunedandstormedofftothefrontoftherestaurant.Idroppeddowntocleanupthebeer.Thatwaswhenanotherproblemoccurred.Ihadbroughtonlyonerag.Onealreadywetrag.Itdidnothingbutincreasethesizeofthelake."Morerags,"Ithought.Immediately,Irushedintothekitchenandhurriedlygrabbedfivedryrags,hopingAaronwouldn'tnoticemybriefabsence.注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。IhadjustrushedoutwhenIfoundAaronstandinginmyway.……Aftercleaningupthemess,IreflectedonAaron'swords.

答案解析部分【答案】1．D2．A3．A【解析】【分析】本文是新闻报道。这篇文章报道了即将举行的第34届全国科学碗比赛的相关信息，包括参赛学生的准备情况、区域赛事的日期和形式、全国总决赛的日期和地点、奖项设置等。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及推理判断题一种题型。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。1．推理判断题。根据第二段"ThefirstregionaleventwilltakeplaceonJanuary13thwithhighschoolsfromtheD.C./Marylandarea.Teamswillfaceoffinafast-paced,question-and-answerformat,andtheirknowledgeinallareasofscienceandmathematicswillbetested.(第一场地区性活动将于1月13日在华盛顿特区/马里兰地区的高中举行。参赛队伍将以快节奏的问答形式进行对决，他们在所有科学和数学领域的知识都将受到考验)"可知，他们在所有科学和数学领域的知识都将受到考验，所以具有挑战性最能形容地区比赛。故选D。2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"IntheNationalFinals,thetoptwoteamswillearn$5,000fortheirschools'mathandsciencedepartments.Schoolsrankinginthetop16willreceive$1,000fortheirsciencedepartments.Buttomany,theultimateprizeissimplythehonorofwinningtheNationalChampionship.(在全国总决赛中，前两名的队伍将为他们学校的数学和科学部门赢得5000美元。排名前16位的学校将获得1000美元的科学系奖励。但对许多人来说，最终的奖励只是赢得全国冠军的荣誉)"可知，全国总决赛冠军的胜利是非常重要的。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段"Today,theNSBannuallydrawsmorethan10,000middleandhighschoolcompetitors.Sincethefirstcompetitionin1991,approximately344,000studentshavefacedoffintheNSBFinals.The2024competitorswillfollowinthefootstepsofpreviousNSBcontestantsandwillblazeatrailforstudentsinscience,math,andengineering.Formoreinformation,pleasevisittheOfficeofSciencewebsite.(如今，NSB每年吸引超过1万名中学生和高中生参赛。自1991年首届比赛以来，大约有34.4万名学生参加了NSB决赛。2024年的参赛者将跟随以前NSB参赛者的脚步，为科学、数学和工程方面的学生开辟一条道路。欲了解更多信息，请访问科学办公室网站)"以及纵观全文可知，本文报道了即将举行的第34届全国科学碗比赛的相关信息，包括参赛学生的准备情况、区域赛事的日期和形式、全国总决赛的日期和地点、奖项设置等，所以应是一篇新闻稿。故选A。【答案】4．C5．C6．A7．C【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了19世纪初期，新英格兰的农民迁移到中西部地区寻找肥沃的土地进行耕作，但遇到了土壤粘附铁犁的问题，铁匠约翰·迪尔发明了一种新犁来解决这一难题。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和主旨大意题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。4．细节理解题。根据第一段"Unfortunately,manysoonfeltlikethirstysailorsinthemiddleoftheocean—watereverywherebutnotadroptodrink.Theyweresurroundedbyfertilesoil,buthadtostopeveryfewsecondstoremovethestickydirtofftheirironplows(犁)withlargewoodenpaddles.(不幸的是，许多人很快就觉得自己像站在海洋中央的口渴的水手——到处都是水，却没有一滴可喝的。他们周围都是肥沃的土壤，但每隔几秒钟就得停下来，用大木桨清除铁犁上的粘性泥土)"可知，新定居的农民遇到的主要问题是处理犁上的泥土很麻烦。故选C。5．细节理解题。根据第二段"Deeredecidedtolookintotheproblem.Fromhispreviousworkonplows,heknewthatdirtwaslesslikelytosticktohighlypolishedmetal.Thatthoughtwasinthebackofhismindwhenhevisitedasawmill(锯木厂)in1837andnoticedabrokensawmadeofsteel.Deerebroughtithomeandbeganmakingabetterplow.Theplowhewantedwouldhavetocutdeepintothesoilatasharpanglesothatdirtwouldfalloff,yetitcouldnotputtoomuchburdenonthehorsespullingit.Afterseveralexperiments,Deereconstructedanewplowthatfeaturedwoodhandles.Itprovedasuccess.Unliketheoldironplows,Deere'snotonlyhadabladefromwhichdirtfellawaycleanly,butitalsoturnedthesoilmoreefficientlyandquickly.(迪尔决定调查这个问题。从他之前对犁的研究中，他知道泥土不太可能粘在高度抛光的金属上。当他在1837年参观一家锯木厂时，注意到一把断了的钢锯时，这种想法就在他的脑海里。迪尔把它带回家，开始制作更好的犁。他想要的犁必须以一个尖锐的角度深深地切入土壤，这样泥土才能掉下来，但它不能给拉它的马带来太大的负担。经过几次实验，迪尔制造了一种以木柄为特色的新犁。它被证明是成功的。与老式的铁制犁不同，迪尔的犁不仅有一个可以干净地清除泥土的刀片，而且还能更有效、更迅速地翻土)"可知，本段关注的是新犁的发明过程。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据最后一段"Deere,aperfectionist,continuallyimprovedhisplows,introducingmultiplenewversionsinasingleyear.Whilethissloweddownhisproductionability,itensuredDeereasolidreputationamonghiscustomers.Deereplowsbecameworldfamousinthe1870swhentheyoutshonethecompetitioninademonstrationinFrance.Thatsamedecade,hiscompanybuiltitsfirstridingplowanddesignedtheleapingdeerasitstrademark.(迪尔是个追求完美的人，他不断改进自己的犁，一年之内就推出了多个新版本。虽然这降低了他的生产能力，但却确保了迪尔在客户中树立了良好的声誉。19世纪70年代，迪尔的犁在法国的一次演示中脱颖而出，从此名扬世界。在同一十年里，他的公司制造了第一辆乘坐式犁，并设计了跳跃的鹿作为其商标)"可知，本段主要讲述了迪尔犁获得广泛的认可。故选A。7．主旨大意题。根据第一段"Intheearly19thcentury,NewEnglandfarmers,tiredofwrestlingwiththeirpoorland,journeyedtotheMidwest.InstateslikeIllinoisandIowa,theyfoundrich,blacksoil.Unfortunately,manysoonfeltlikethirstysailorsinthemiddleoftheocean—watereverywherebutnotadroptodrink.Theyweresurroundedbyfertilesoil,buthadtostopeveryfewsecondstoremovethestickydirtofftheirironplows(犁)withlargewoodenpaddles.ThisdilemmacaughttheattentionofJohnDeere,ablacksmithwhomovedtoIllinoisin1836.(19世纪初，新英格兰的农民厌倦了与贫瘠的土地作斗争，来到中西部。在伊利诺斯州和爱荷华州，他们发现了肥沃的黑土。不幸的是，许多人很快就觉得自己像站在海洋中央的口渴的水手——到处都是水，却没有一滴可喝的。他们周围都是肥沃的土壤，但每隔几秒钟就得停下来，用大木桨清除铁犁上的粘性泥土。这种困境引起了1836年搬到伊利诺斯州的铁匠约翰·迪尔的注意)"以及纵观全文可知，本文讲述了19世纪初期，新英格兰的农民迁移到中西部地区寻找肥沃的土地进行耕作，但遇到了土壤粘附铁犁的问题，铁匠约翰·迪尔发明了一种新犁来解决这一难题，所以C项"AStickyProblem(棘手的问题)"是本文最好的标题。故选C。【答案】8．D9．B10．B11．B【解析】【分析】本文是新闻报道。文章介绍了一家日本初创公司Spiber如何利用蜘蛛丝这种独特材料来改变纺织业，以及他们在实现这一目标过程中所面临的挑战和取得的进展。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题一种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。8．细节理解题。根据第二段"Thecompanystartedbymakingasubstituteinthelabthatissimilartospidersilkinstructure.Afterstudyingthousandsofdifferentspiderspeciesandothersilk-producinglifeforms,Spibersuccessfullyproducedanalternativetospidersilk.(该公司首先在实验室制造了一种结构类似蜘蛛丝的替代品。在研究了数千种不同的蜘蛛种类和其他产丝的生命形式后，Spiber成功地生产出了蜘蛛丝的替代品)"可知，Spiber在早期研究中创造了蜘蛛丝的替代品。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第三段"In2015,SpiberpartneredwithTheNorthFaceJapantoproducealimited-editionrunof50"MoonParka"jacketstocelebratethe50thanniversaryofthemoonlandings.Butduringthedesignprocess,theteamdiscoveredthatspidersilkbecamesmallerwhenexposedtowater,andhadtotransformtheproteintomakethefibersuitableforanoutdoorjacket,whichtookthemfouryearstoperfect.(2015年，Spiber与TheNorthFaceJapan合作，推出了限量版的50件"MoonParka"，以庆祝人类登月50周年。但在设计过程中，研究小组发现，蜘蛛丝遇水会变小，他们必须将蛋白质转化为适合户外夹克的纤维，这花了他们四年的时间来完善)"可知，制作"MoonParka"的挑战是蜘蛛丝对水的敏感性。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"Toreduceitsenvironmentalimpact,Spiberisdevelopingaprocesscalled"biospherecirculation"thatwilltransformdesertedclothesmadefromnaturalmaterialslikecottonintothesugarsneededforfermentation.(为了减少对环境的影响，Spiber正在开发一种名为"生物圈循环"的工艺，将废弃的衣服(由棉花等天然材料制成)转化为发酵所需的糖)"可知，Spiber的"生物圈循环"过程，将使用回收材料生产所需的糖。故选B。11．细节理解题。根据最后一段"Withapproximately100billionyen($783million)infunding,Spiberplanstosignificantlyspeedupitsproductionofproteinpolymersbytheendof2025.(Spiber获得了约1000亿日元(7.83亿美元)的资金，计划在2025年底前大幅加快其蛋白质聚合物的生产速度)"可知，Spiber的计划是增加蛋白质聚合物的产量。故选B。【答案】12．D13．B14．D15．C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。本文通过讨论宜家效应以及几个实验研究的结果，论述了人们更加珍视自己亲手创造的东西，并由此引发了对自我建造住房的好处的思考。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和词句猜测题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词句猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测词义。12．细节理解题。根据第一段"Themanufacturersdiscoveredthatrequiringtheadditionofanegginthebakingprocesswasjustenoughtomakethehousewiveshappywiththeirwork.Thegreatersenseofeffortgainedfromalittleextralaborisbelievedtohavebeenessentialtothelatersuccessofthecakemix.(制造商发现，在烘焙过程中加入一个鸡蛋就足以让主妇们对自己的工作感到满意。从一点点额外的劳动中获得的更大的努力感被认为是蛋糕粉后来成功的关键)"可知，额外的努力给顾客带来了蛋糕烘焙的乐趣。故选D。13．词句猜测题。根据前文"Interestingly,theIKEAeffectworksevenwhenpeoplehavenoopportunitytofullypersonalizetheircreations.Whilemostparticipants'foldingskillsleftmuchtobedesired,theylovedtheirimperfectlypersonalizedproductsallthemore.Buildersvaluedtheirwrinkledcrane-likecreationsnearlyfivetimesasmuchasnon-builders.(有趣的是，即使人们没有机会完全个性化他们的作品，宜家效应也会起作用。虽然大多数参与者的折叠技巧还有很多不足之处，但他们更喜欢自己不完美的个性化产品。建筑商对他们皱巴巴的像起重机一样的创造物的估价几乎是非建筑商的五倍)"可知，本段主要讲述额外的劳动会让参与者更喜欢自己的作品，所以Beauty,itseems,isintheeyeofthebuilder.意为"额外的劳动增加了感知价值"。故选B。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段""Themomentpeopleareinvolvedwiththeirbuiltenvironment,theyhaveatotallydifferentrelationshiptoit,"WikiHouseco-founderAlastairParvinexplained."Whentheroofstartsleakingoradoorstartscreaking,theyhavethepowertofixitthemselves."(Wiki