辽宁省2024届高三下学期高考扣题卷（一）英语试题

辽宁省2024届高三下学期高考扣（一）英语试题姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五总分评分一、阅读，第一节，阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读理解Gene-editedFoods:YesorNo?Gene-editedfoodscouldsoonbehittingsupermarketshelvesintheUKasthegovernmentannouncedplanstoallowgene-editedfoodstobesoldunlabeledinBritishsupermarkets,promotinganoutcryfromsomeconsumerswhoclaimthey"shouldbegivenachoice".GEfoodsareproducedusingthegene-editingtoolCRISPR,whicheditstheexistingDNAofaplantoranimal.Unlikegeneticallymodifiedfood,gene-editedfoodcontainsno"foreign"DNAfromotherspecies.Scientistsuseaspecializedproteintomaketinychangestotheorganism'sDNAthatcouldoccurnaturallyorthroughselectivebreeding.EnvironmentSecretaryGeorgeEusticeinsistedthatGEproductswouldnotneedtobeadvertisedassuchbecausetheyare"fundamentallynatural".However,ScotlandandWalesbothvowedtorejectthemove,andBritain'sbiggestsupermarketshavesofarrefusedtoconfirmiftheywillstockthefoods.Nowlet'stakeacloserlookatsomeoftheGEfoodsthatcouldbeonshelvesintheUKasearlyasnextyear.VitaminD-boostedtomatoesTomatoeshavebeengeneticallyengineeredtoproducemorevitaminD.Researchersclaimthatthe"super"fruitscouldhelpreducetheriskofdevelopingdiseasessuchascancer,Parkinson'sdiseaseanddementia(痴呆).Mushroomsthatdon'tgobrownAvarietyofwhitebuttonmushroomhasbeengeneticallyeditedsothatitdoesn'tgobrownwhensliced.TheresearchersusedCRISPRtoremoveasmallpieceofonegenethatcausesmushroombrowning.Thusitcanstayonsupermarketshelvesforlonger,reducingfoodwaste.BreadthatreducescancerriskfromburnttoastAcrylamide(丙烯酰胺),asubstancethatcancausecancer,iscreatedwhenbreadisbakedortoasted.Researchershaveeditedthegenome(基因组)ofwheattoreduceitsproductionofthecancer-causingchemical.ChickensresistanttobirdfluResearchershaveusedgene-editingtechniquestogrowchickencellsthatareunabletoreplicatethebirdfluvirusinalab.TheyeditedasectionofchickenDNAtomakeitresistanttothevirus.1．WhatcanbeknownaboutGEfoods?A．TheyedittheirownexistingDNA.B．TheyhaveforeignDNAfromotherspecies.C．Theyarecompletelyasnaturalasordinaryfoods.D．Theyareexactlythesameasgeneticallymodifiedfoods.2．What'stherightattitudetowardGEfoods?A．TheUKgovernmentsupportsGEfoods.B．GeorgeEusticeisagainstGEfoods.C．SomeconsumersobjecttoGEfoodsbeingsold.D．Britain'sbiggestsupermarketswelcomeGEfoods.3．AllofthefollowingcanhelpreducethediseaseEXCEPT____.A．vitaminD-boostedtomatoes'B．mushroomsthatdon'tgobrownC．breadthatreducescancerriskfromburnttoastD．chickensresistanttobirdflu阅读理解Aschoolgirlhascreatedasolar-poweredbackpackthatfiltersoutairpollutionafterbeinginspiredbyherasthmatic(患哮喘病的)mother.EleanorWoods,12,fromHighBurton,Huddersfield,atowninWestYorkshire,northernEngland,enteredthe"BackpacktotheFuture"competitionafterhermotherputtheapplicationforminherroom.Shewentontowintheawardforherinnovativebag.The"Backpacktothefuture"competitionwaslaunchedtochangeperceptions(认知),encouragemorediversitywithinengineeringandtoshowchildrenhowtheycouldcombineaninterestinfashionwithacareerinscience,technology,engineeringormath.Poweredbygreenenergyfromsolarpowerandadynamo—amachinethatconvertsmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy—thebackpackfilterspollutedairbeforefanningoutcleanerairnearby."Ihaveanairfilterathomebecausemymumhasmildasthma.MyBreatheBetterBackpackisallaboutkeepingmyfriends,familyandclassmatessafeusinganairfilter.Itlookscoolandwillhelpgetkidsoutsideandfightoffcolds,"Eleanorsaid."Thefirstthingthatcametomindisthatblueisoneofmyfavoritecolorsandbluefeelscleanandthebubblesontheoutsidehaveacleanthemeforbreathing."ThepandemicspurredonEleanor'sawarenessofhowpollutionaffectsaperson'shealthandthespreadofdiseases.Spendingalotoftimewithherasthmaticmumoverseverallockdownsgavethe12-year-oldfoodforthought.Theschoolgirladded:"Mygenerationisreallyawareofpollution,andwehavelessonsonitatschoolalongwithdiseasesspreading,andthisisanotherreasonIdesignedthis,becauseitisgettingmuchworse."Theyoungdesignersaidsheisbecomingincreasinglyawareofthepollutionthatsurroundsher,asshelivesonamainroad.Eleanorsaid:"Iwalktoschool,nexttotheroad,andcantastethepetrolwhenbusescomethrough."Speakingafterwinningthecompetition,Eleanorsaidtheimpactofherbackpackwillbefar-reaching."Ifjustafewpeoplestartusingit,itcouldbereallygoodfortheplanet,"shesaid.4．Whatwasthe"Backpacktothefuture"competitionaimedat?A．Arousingcuriosityinfashion.B．Increasinginterestinengineering.C．Raisingenvironmentalawareness.D．Bondinginterestwithscientificpractice.5．Whatdoesthefourthparagraphimply?A．Thebackpackiseasytocarry.B．Thebackpackisbluewithbubbles.C．Thebackpackissafeforkidsindoors.D．Thebackpackisonlypoweredbysolarenergy.6．WhatisthefeatureofEleanorWoods'innovativebag?A．Itisfashionable. B．Itdoesgoodtohealth.C．Itisenergy-saving. D．Itdoesharmtoenvironment.7．WhichworddescribesEleanorWoods?A．Creative. B．Generous. C．Active D．Adventurous.阅读理解Peoplewhokeepchickensaspetsorbarnyardanimalstendtobequitepassionateaboutthem.Similartothosewhokeepcatsanddogsasanimalfriends,chickenownerslovetospoiltheirlittleones.Ifthatmeansbuildingtinyamusementparkstokeepthemhappy,thenthat'sexactlywhattheywilldo.Chickenshavemorepersonalitythanmanypeoplegivethemcreditfor.Likehumans,chickenslovetohavefun,explore,andjustkindofcheckstuffout.Whathappensifchickensgetbored?Boredchickenstendtoengageinbadbehaviors.Thesecanincludepeckingatandfightingwithoneanotherandpullingouteachother'sfeathers.Partofkeepingandcaringforchickens(oranyanimalforthatmatter)includesmakingsuretheyhaveeverythingtheyneedtobehappy.Thatincludesentertainmentandthingstokeeptheirdaysinteresting.Onemethodistohangupapieceofcabbage.Notonlydoesthiskeepthechickensentertained,butitalsogivesthemahealthysourceofnourishment.Thereisanotherfuntoyyoucanbuildforyourchickens,andallyouneedissomeoldbicycletires.Chickenmerry-go-roundsareabouttobecomealltherage(风靡一时)inchickensociety.Todothis,allyouneedtodoisremovethewheelfromabike.Thenlaythewheeloutovertopsomethingsothechickensareabletospinandrideontop.Thechickensseemtoknowhowtojumprightonandgoforaride.Theymightnotreactlikeahumanonarollercoaster(过山车),buttheirbehaviortendstoshowitisanenjoyableexperienceforthem.Thewheelscanbespreadoutthroughyourgarden,backyard,orwhereveryourchickensliketoroam.Theyhelpmaketheirdaysmoreinteresting,fun,andunique!8．What'sthepurposeofhangingupapieceofcabbage?A．Tofeedchickens. B．Totrainchickens.C．Toamusechickens. D．Topunishchickens.9．Whatdoesthewordunderlinedinthelastparagraphmean?A．Hatch. B．Rest. C．Gather. D．Wander.10．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ANewPet B．Chickens'BeautifulLifeC．People'sFriends D．HarmoniousCoexistence11．Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A．Amagazine. B．Abiography. C．Adiary. D．Anovel.阅读理解PartsofEastAsiacouldsee"riversinthesky"formduetoclimatechange,bringingrecord-breakinglevelsofrainfallwiththem,anewstudyhasrevealed.Theteam,fromtheUniversityofTsukuba,Japan,havealreadyseenclearsignsofglobalwarminghittingpartsofthecountry,sotheywantedtoseehowbadthingscouldget."It'sbeenbecomingmoreandmoreclearthatglobalwarmingmeansmorethanjustwarmertemperatures,"theywrote.Oneparticularly-damagingextremeweathereventisanincreaseinrainfalltounexpectedandunprecedented(前所未有的)levels,whichcanresultinflooding.Tohelppredictrainfallevents,researcherslookedtooneofthecauses—theinteractionofatmosphericriverswithmountainranges."Asthenamesuggests,atmosphericriversarelong,narrowbandsofconcentratedwatervapourflowingthroughtheatmosphere,"theteamexplained."Whenoneofthesebandsmeetsabarrier,suchasamountainrange,itcanproduceextremelevelsofrainfallorsnowfall."PartsofEastAsiahavebeensubjectedto(遭受)anincreasingnumberofdamaging,extremeweathereventsoverthepastdecade.Tounderstandtheimpact,theteamusedhigh-resolutionglobalatmosphericcirculationsmodelsimulations(模拟)thatvirtuallyre-createtheconditionsintheatmosphere.Theythenlookedatotherregionalclimatemodels,comparingsimulationsbasedonreal,meteorologicaldata(气象数据)from1951to2010topredictionsfor2090.Authorsusedtheclimatescenariothatwouldresultin4℃ofwarming,comparedtopreindustriallevels—whichissignificantlymorethan2℃targetsetaspartofParisClimateAgreement.Firstauthor,ProfessorYoichiKamae,saidthattheirsimulationspredictstrengthenedwatervapourtransport,aswellasincreasedrainfallatunprecedentedlevels.Insimulationsthegreatestamountsofatmosphericriver-relatedrainfalloccurredonthesouthernandwesternslopesofmountainsinEastAsia,includinginJapan,theKoreanPeninsula,andnortheasternChina.TheyhadtolimitthestudytoEastAsiaduetocomputertimeandprocessinglimitations,butpredictitwouldapplytootherregionsaroundtheworld.12．What'sthepossibleconsequenceoftheglobalwarming?A．Itcontributestopollutedair.B．Itleadstohotandrainyclimate.C．Itonlyresultsintheriseoftemperature.D．Itcausesthedestructionofmorespecies.13．TheauthorwroteParagraph4to____.A．describethenewstudyB．introduceatmosphericriversC．analyzethecauseofrainfallDwarnpeopleofglobalwarming14．Howistheresearchcarriedtoknowtheeffect?A．Bycomparison. B．Bydiscussion.C．Byexamples. D．Byexplanation15．What'stheattitudeofProfessorYoichiKamaetowardtheirsimulations?A．Theyarerisky. B．Theyarevalueless.C．Theyareperfect. D．Theyareconvincing.二、阅读，第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。5ProvenWaystoImproveYourConcentrationWe'reallsufferingfrompoorerconcentrationnowadays.16．Herearesomesimplehabitstotry.Minimizedistraction.17．Workinadifferentroomifyoucan.Ifyoufindyourselfsidetracked(转移目标)bydigitaldevices,turnoffnotifications(通知)andtrainyourselftocheckthematsetintervals.Setatimer.18．_Whetherit'smusic,whitenoiseorevensilence,youmightfindthere'saparticularsoundthathelpsyoumaintainyourattention.Thisenhancesalphawaves—brainwavesthatpromoterelaxationandarethoughttoplayaroleincognition(认知)and,accordingtoasmall2015Americanstudy,makeyoumorecreative.Focusontherightfoods.Youmightgethelpfromcertainso-called"brainfoods".19．Oneofthebestwaystokeepyourbrainfitistoeatahealthydiet.Moveyourbody.Whenyouexercise,yourheartrateincreases,causingyourbodytoreleaseaproteincalledbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor,orBDNF,whichaidsnervecellgrowth.20．Sleepwell.Whodoesn'tsufferfrombrainfogafterabadnight?Everyoneneedsdifferentamountsofshuteyebutaimingforseventoninehoursisconsideredtheideal.A.Structureyourlife.B.Findtherightsound.C.Theseincludefish,nuts,blueberriesanddarkchocolate.D.Thisisimportantforconcentration,memoryandlearning.E.Buttherearewaysyoucanimproveyourfocusandgetstuffdone.F.Butevennewsplatforms,andemailscanbehighlyattentionsapping.G.Removingyourselffrompeopleanddeviceswillallowyoutoconcentratebetter.三、语言运用，第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。JoanDonovanwas84yearsoldwhenshefinishedhercollegedegree,butthegreat-grandmothersaidshedidn'twanttostoplearningjustyet."Icouldn'twaittogetupinthemorningtogotoschool.Imetthemost21．peopleandfessors.Everyonesurroundedmewith22．andsupport.AndIlearnedthatIhada23．forwriting,"Donovansaid."That'swhenIfoundSouthernNewHampshireUniversity,whichisawonderfulschool.Ijustlovedeveryminuteofit."Fouryearslater,onDecember13,2022,DonovangraduatedfromSouthernNewHampshireUniversitywithamaster's24．increativewriting.Donovansaidtheuniversityheardshewasgraduatingwhenhersoncalledtheschoolto25．aframeforherdiplomaasaChristmaspresent.26．,theschooldecidedtosendmorethanjustaframeddiploma,includingacapandgown,cupcakes,balloonsanduniversityspiritwear(印有大学精神的服装).Whenshewasyoung,Donovan'smothercalledher"Brilliant".Shestartedfirstgradeattheageof4andgraduatedhighschoolby16.Thefamilycouldn't27．college,butshewasabletotakesomepost-graduateclassesforfreeatherhighschool.Donavanalwayswanteda28．education,butmarriage,babiesandabusylife29．thingsabit.Butshenevergaveuponherdream."I'magoal-seeker,"shesaid."Anditwasagoal,andI30．it.It'sadreamcometrue,really."Now,Donovansaidsheisusinghernewdegreetowriteanovelaswellasanautobiography."Well,Iwaited60yearsto31．mydream.SoIhopeothersdon'thavetowaitthatlong,"saidDonovan,addingthatherautobiographywillbeabout32．the"roadblocks"oflife.Donovan,whohas10grandchildrenandninegreat-grandchildren,saidthemostimportantthingshe'slearnedinlifeistobea"33．learner"."Don'tevergiveup.Imean,34．somethingdoesn'tworkthefirsttime,justtryitagain,"shesaid."And35．,you'llfindyourdreamcometrue."21．A．important B．competitive C．promising D．intelligent22．A．curiosity B．encouragementC．admiration D．congratulation23．A．love B．trick C．interest D．hobby24．A．position B．document C．degree D．grade25．A．applyfor B．askfor C．carefor D．lookfor26．A．Still B．Besides C．However D．Anyway27．A．attend B．admit C．approve D．afford28．A．formal B．valuable C．special D．flexible29．A．buried B．delayed C．permitted D．expanded30．A．reached B．established C．searched D．succeeded31．A．satisfy B．challenge C．discover D．fulfill32．A．building B．abandoning C．overcoming D．seizing33．A．hard-working B．lifelongC．well-known D．selfless34．A．if B．since C．though D．while35．A．fortunately B．immediately C．thankfully D．eventually四、语言运用，第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。SometimesreferredtoastheThailandWaterFestival,Songkranisanannualeventthatmarksthe36．(begin)oftheThaiNewYear.It'sthe37．(large)celebrationthroughoutthewholecountry.Thefestivalkicksoff38．April13andusuallylaststhreedaysthoughfestivitiescanstartearlyorendlaterinsomecities.Theholiday'smainfocusisaboutmovingforward—infact,thewordSongkrancomesfromaphrasein39．Sanskritlanguagethatmeans"passageofthesun".Waterplaysamajorroleinthefestival.40．(symbolical)itwashesawaythepreviousyearsopeoplecangetreadyforthenextone.ManyfamilieswakeupearlyduringSongkranandvisitBuddhisttemples,41．theybringofferingssuchasfoodandlistentomonksastheypreach.PeoplesprinklecleanorscentedwateroverstatuesofBuddhatorepresentpurificationandgoodfortune.Younger42．(visit)alsopourwateronthehandsofelderlyrelativesandfriends43．(show)theirrespectandaskforblessingsinthecomingyear.Honoringfamilytraditionsand44．(religion)practicesareimportant,butsoishavingsomefun.Outside,Songkran45．(celebrate)withstreetpartiesfeaturingloudmusicandagiantfriendlywaterfight!五、写作（共两节，满分40分）46．目前，很多学生苦恼学习效率低，觉得时间不够用。学校组织班会，以"HowtoSpendTimeProperly"为题，让同学们进行讨论。请你从以下方面准备发言稿。1.恰当管理时间的意义；2.如何恰当管理时间，给出建议。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。HowtoSpendTimeProperly47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。AyoungmannamedMontyRobertswhowasthesonofanitinerant(巡回的)horsetrainerwhowouldgofromstabletostable,racetracktoracetrack,farmtofarmandranch(大农场)toranch,traininghorses.Asaresult,theboy'shighschoolcareerwascontinuouslyinterrupted.Whenhewasasenior,hewasaskedtowriteapaperdescribinghisgoalofsomedayowningahorseranch.Hewroteabouthisdreamingreatdetailandheevendrewadiagramofa200-acreranch,showingthelocationofallthebuildings,thestablesandthetruck.Thenhedrewadetailedfloorplanfora40000square-foothousethatwouldsitonthe200-acredreamranch."Heputagreatdealofhisheartintotheprojectandthenextdayhehandeditintohisteacher.Twodayslaterhereceivedhispaperback.OnthefrontpagewasalargeredFwithanotethatread,"Seemeafterclass."Theboywiththedreamwenttoseetheteacherafterclassandasked,"WhydidIreceiveanF?"Theteachersaid,"Thisisanunrealisticdreamforayoungboylikeyou.Youhavenomoney.Youcomefromanitinerantfamily.Youhavenoresources.Owningahorseranchrequiresalotofmoney.Youhavetobuytheland.Youhavetopayfortheoriginalbreedingstockandlateryou'llhavetopaylargestudfees.There'snowayyoucouldeverdoit."Thentheteacheradded,"Ifyourewritethispaperwithamorerealisticgoal,Iwillreconsideryourgrade."Paragraph1:Theboywenthomeandthoughtaboutitlongandhard.Paragraph2:Manyyearslater,thesameschoolteacherbrought30kidstocamponahorseranchownedbyMontyRoberts.

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．A3．B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了什么是基因编辑食品以及这类食品的特性。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题一种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。1．细节理解题。根据第二段"GEfoodsareproducedusingthegene-editingtoolCRISPR,whicheditstheexistingDNAofaplantoranimal.(基因编辑食品是使用基因编辑工具CRISPR生产的，该工具可以编辑植物或动物的现有DNA)"可知，基因编辑食品编辑自己现有的DNA。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据第一段"Gene-editedfoodscouldsoonbehittingsupermarketshelvesintheUKasthegovernmentannouncedplanstoallowgene-editedfoodstobesoldunlabeledinBritishsupermarkets,promotinganoutcryfromsomeconsumerswhoclaimthey"shouldbegivenachoice".(基因编辑食品可能很快就会出现在英国超市的货架上，因为政府宣布了允许基因编辑食品在英国超市不加标签地销售的计划，这引发了一些消费者的强烈抗议，他们声称"应该给他们一个选择")"以及第二段"Unlikegeneticallymodifiedfood,gene-editedfoodcontainsno"foreign"DNAfromotherspecies.Scientistsuseaspecializedproteintomaketinychangestotheorganism'sDNAthatcouldoccurnaturallyorthroughselectivebreeding.(与转基因食品不同，基因编辑食品不含来自其他物种的"外来"DNA。科学家们使用一种特殊的蛋白质对生物体的DNA进行微小的改变，这种改变可以自然发生，也可以通过选择性育种发生)"可知，英国政府支持基因编辑食品是对转基因食品的正确态度。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段"TomatoeshavebeengeneticallyengineeredtoproducemorevitaminD.Researchersclaimthatthe"super"fruitscouldhelpreducetheriskofdevelopingdiseasessuchascancer,Parkinson'sdiseaseanddementia(痴呆).(西红柿经过基因工程改造，可以产生更多的维生素D。研究人员称，这种"超级"水果有助于降低患癌症、帕金森氏症和痴呆症等疾病的风险)"；倒数第二段"Acrylamide(丙烯酰胺),asubstancethatcancausecancer,iscreatedwhenbreadisbakedortoasted.Researchershaveeditedthegenome(基因组)ofwheattoreduceitsproductionofthecancer-causingchemical.(丙烯酰胺是一种会导致癌症的物质，它是在烤面包时产生的。研究人员编辑了小麦的基因组，以减少其致癌化学物质的产生)"以及最后一段"Researchershaveusedgene-editingtechniquestogrowchickencellsthatareunabletoreplicatethebirdfluvirusinalab.TheyeditedasectionofchickenDNAtomakeitresistanttothevirus.(研究人员利用基因编辑技术在实验室中培育出了不能复制禽流感病毒的鸡细胞。他们编辑了鸡的一段DNA，使其对病毒具有抵抗力)"可知，B选项"不会变成棕色的蘑菇"不是可以减少疾病的方法。故选B。【答案】4．D5．B6．B7．A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了12岁的埃莉诺·伍兹在哮喘母亲的启发下，制作了一个太阳能背包，可以过滤空气污染，帮助有呼吸疾病的人。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。4．细节理解题。由第三段中"The"Backpacktothefuture"competitionwaslaunchedtochangeperceptions(认知),encouragemorediversitywithinengineeringandtoshowchildrenhowtheycouldcombineaninterestinfashionwithacareerinscience,technology,engineeringormath.("面向未来的背包"比赛旨在改变人们的观念，鼓励工程领域的更多多样性，并向孩子们展示如何将时尚兴趣与科学、技术、工程或数学职业相结合)"可知，"面向未来的背包"比赛的目标是将兴趣与科学实践联系起来。故选D。5．推理判断题。由第四段中"Thefirstthingthatcametomindisthatblueisoneofmyfavoritecolorsandbluefeelscleanandthebubblesontheoutsidehaveacleanthemeforbreathing.(首先想到的是蓝色是我最喜欢的颜色之一，蓝色感觉很干净，外面的气泡有一个干净的呼吸主题)"可知，第四段暗示这个背包是蓝色的，上面有气泡。故选B。6．细节理解题。由第四段中"MyBreatheBetterBackpackisallaboutkeepingmyfriends,familyandclassmatessafeusinganairfilter.Itlookscoolandwillhelpgetkidsoutsideandfightoffcolds(我的BreatheBetter双肩包就是为了用空气过滤器保护我的朋友、家人和同学的安全。它看起来很凉爽，有助于让孩子们出门，抵御感冒)"可知，EleanorWoods的创新背包的特点在于它对健康有益。故选B。7．推理判断题。由第二段中"Shewentontowintheawardforherinnovativebag.(她因其新颖的背包而获奖)"和第四段中"Poweredbygreenenergyfromsolarpowerandadynamo—amachinethatconvertsmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy—thebackpackfilterspollutedairbeforefanningoutcleanerairnearby.(背包由太阳能和发电机提供的绿色能源提供动力，发电机是一种将机械能转化为电能的机器，它过滤污染的空气，然后在附近散发出更清洁的空气)"可知，EleanorWoods很有创意。故选A。【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了养鸡的人对待鸡会充满热情和关爱，强调鸡也有个性，喜欢玩耍和探索。为了避免鸡感到无聊带来的不良行为，养鸡的人可以提供娱乐和创造有趣的环境，让鸡保持快乐。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题和主旨大意题四种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测词义。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。8．细节理解题。根据第六段"Onemethodistohangupapieceofcabbage.Notonlydoesthiskeepthechickensentertained,butitalsogivesthemahealthysourceofnourishment.(一种方法是挂一块卷心菜。这不仅能让鸡开心，还能给它们提供健康的营养来源)"可知，挂一块卷心菜是为了逗鸡开心。故选C。9．词义猜测题。根据画线词的上文"Thewheelscanbespreadoutthroughyourgarden,backyard,orwherever(轮子可以散布在你的花园、后院，或者任何地方)"可知，此处是描述放置轮子的位置，再结合画线词的下文"Theyhelpmaketheirdaysmoreinteresting,fun,andunique!(它们让它们的生活更有趣、愉快和独特)"可知，放置这些轮子是为了让鸡开心。由此推知，花园、后院这些应该都是鸡喜欢闲逛的地方，可以放轮子让它们玩，画线词意思应该是"闲逛，漫游"，与wander意思相近。故选D。10．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中"Similartothosewhokeepcatsanddogsasanimalfriends,chickenownerslovetospoiltheirlittleones.Ifthatmeansbuildingtinyamusementparkstokeepthemhappy,thenthat'sexactlywhattheywilldo.(就像那些把猫和狗当作动物朋友的人一样，养鸡的人也喜欢宠坏他们的小家伙。如果这意味着构建小型游乐园让它们快乐，那他们就会这么做)"可知，文章主要为养鸡的人介绍了如何为喜欢玩耍和探索的鸡提供娱乐和创造有趣的环境，让它们保持快乐。因此，B项"鸡的美好生活"契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B。11．推理判断题。纵观全文可知，文章首先介绍养鸡的人对待鸡会充满热情和关爱，然后强调鸡也有个性，喜欢玩耍和探索；再引出主体内容，建议养鸡的人避免鸡感到无聊带来的不良行为，为鸡提供娱乐，创造有趣的环境，让它们保持快乐。因此，文章主要是从客观事实上提供日常养鸡方面的建议，语言较为平实，兼具趣味性，很可能出自一本杂志。故选A。【答案】12．B13．C14．A15．D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究显示，由于气候变化，东亚部分地区可能会出现"天空中的河流"，带来破纪录的降雨量。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。12．细节理解题。由第二段中"It'sbeenbecomingmoreandmoreclearthatglobalwarmingmeansmorethanjustwarmertemperatures(越来越清楚的是，全球变暖不仅仅意味着气温升高)"和第三段中"Oneparticularly-damagingextremeweathereventisanincreaseinrainfalltounexpectedandunprecedented(前所未有的)levels,whichcanresultinflooding.(一个特别具有破坏性的极端天气事件是降雨量增加到前所未有的水平，这可能导致洪水)"可知，全球变暖的可能后果是气候炎热多雨。故选B。13．推理判断题。由第四段""Asthenamesuggests,atmosphericriversarelong,narrowbandsofconcentratedwatervapourflowingthroughtheatmosphere,"theteamexplained."Whenoneofthesebandsmeetsabarrier,suchasamountainrange,itcanproduceextremelevelsofrainfallorsnowfall."(该团队解释道："顾名思义，大气河流是流经大气的细长的浓缩水蒸气带。""当其中一条带遇到山脉等障碍物时，可能会产生极端程度的降雨或降雪。")"可知，第四段主要讲降雨产生的原因，可得出作者写第四段是为了分析降雨的原因。故选C。14．细节理解题。由倒数第三段中"Theythenlookedatotherregionalclimatemodels,comparingsimulationsbasedonreal,meteorologicaldata(气象数据)from1951to2010topredictionsfor2090.(然后，他们研究了其他区域气候模型，将1951年至2010年基于真实气象数据的模拟与2090年的预测进行了比较)"和倒数第二段"Authorsusedtheclimatescenariothatwouldresultin4℃ofwarming,comparedtopreindustriallevels—whichissignificantlymorethan2℃targetsetaspartofParisClimateAgreement.(研究发起人使用了与工业化前水平相比将导致4摄氏度变暖的气候情景——这大大高于《巴黎气候协定》设定的2摄氏度目标)"可知，研究通过比较来了解研究结果。故选A。15．推理判断题。由最后一段中"TheyhadtolimitthestudytoEastAsiaduetocomputertimeandprocessinglimitations,butpredictitwouldapplytootherregionsaroundtheworld.(由于计算机时间和处理的限制，他们不得不将这项研究限制在东亚，但预测它将适用于世界其他地区)"可知，KamaeYoichi教授认为他们的模拟将适用于世界其他地区，可得出KamaeYoichi教授认为他们的模拟令人信服。故选D。【答案】16．E；17．G；18．B；19．C；20．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了五个行之有效的提高注意力的方法。

【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题时，要求考生注意通读整篇文章，把握整段脉络，理出文章的中心，分析段落之间和段落内部的层次。选项与前后句之间的逻辑关系是确定答案的主要依据。可以从意思、关键词、关联词来分析段落之间以及段落内部的逻辑关系。七选五解题的一些实用技巧如下。第一，快速浏览全文，把握文章主旨。在开始解题前，快速浏览全文，了解文章的大致内容和主题，有助于更好地理解和判断每个选项的合适性。第二，注意段首句和段尾句。段首句往往是对整段的概括或引入，而段尾句则常常是对该段的总结或结论。因此，关注这些句子有助于我们快速了解段落的主旨，从而更好地选择答案。第三，利用上下文语境和逻辑关系进行推断。在选择答案时，要仔细阅读上下文，寻找与选项相关的线索和信息，如关联词、同义词、反义词等。同时，也要根据逻辑关系进行推断，如因果、转折、并列等，从而确定正确答案。第四，排除法也是一种有效的解题方法。当面对多个选项时，可以先排除与文章主旨或上下文不符的选项，然后再根据剩余选项的内容进行比较和选择。16．前文"We'reallsufferingfrompoorerconcentrationnowadays.(我们现在都在遭受注意力不集中的困扰)"提到注意力不集中的困扰很普遍，后文"Herearesomesimplehabitstotry.(这里有一些简单的习惯可以尝试)"提到可以尝试一些方法，空处应该和该问题可以解决相关。因此E项"Buttherearewaysyoucanimproveyourfocusandgetstuffdone.(但是有一些方法可以提高你的注意力，把事情做好)"符合语境，和前文构成转折，引出后文，其中的focus和前文的concentration呼应。故选E。17．本段小标题"Minimizedistraction.(减少分心)"表明本段介绍如何减少分心，后文"Workinadifferentroomifyoucan.Ifyoufindyourselfsidetracked(转移目标)bydigitaldevices,turnoffnotifications(通知)andtrainyourselftocheckthematsetintervals.(如果可以的话，换一个房间工作。如果你发现自己被电子设备分散了注意力，关掉通知，训练自己每隔一段时间查看一次)"主要从减少人群和电子设备的干扰两个方面介绍具体做法，空处作为段首句，应该涉及人群和电子设备两个方面。因此G项"Removingyourselffrompeopleanddeviceswillallowyoutoconcentratebetter.(远离人群和设备会让你更好地集中注意力)"符合语境，契合后文内容。故选G。18．后文"Whetherit'smusic,whitenoiseorevensilence,youmightfindthere'saparticularsoundthathelpsyoumaintainyourattention.Thisenhancesalphawaves—brainwavesthatpromoterelaxationandarethoughttoplayaroleincognition(认知)and,accordingtoasmall2015Americanstudy,makeyoumorecreative.(无论是音乐、白噪音，甚至是安静，你可能会发现有一种特别的声音能帮助你保持注意力。