中档题型高分练(07)阅读理解(C、D篇)+完形填空(解析版)

中档题型高分练（二）阅读理解（C、D篇）+完形填空I.阅读理解CAnewstudyfindstoomuchlightatnightcancutthenumberofseedsaplantproduces.ResearchersputupstreetlightsinSwissmeadows,farfromanyrealstreet.Thesetupmimicked(模拟)urbanlightpollution.Inthesenow-light-pollutedfields,flowershad62percentfewernightvisitors—insectpollinators(传粉者)—thantheflowersindarkmeadowsdid.Cabbagethistlesarethemostcommonflowersinthesemeadows.Fewerinsectvisitorsatnightcouldmeanlesspollen(花粉)pollinatedfromplanttoplant(thefirststepinproducingseeds).“Forthethistles,daytimepollinatorvisitsdidn’tmakeupforthislossatnight,”saysEvaKnop,anecologistattheUniversityofBerninSwitzerland.Overall,night-litplantsproducedone-eighthfewerseedsthanplantsthatgotfullnightsofdarknessdid.“Lightpollutionmightaffectawholenetworkofplantsandtheirpollinators,”Knopandhercolleaguesnowsuggest.Indeed,nightpollinationisnotjustalonelybusinessforafewspecialplants.Therearelotsoflinksbetweenproductionofpollenbynightandthatbyday.Plantswithalotofnightvisitsareoftenverybusybyday,too.Lightatnightthatdecreasesseednumberscouldovertimemeanfewernewplants.Andfewerplantscouldmeanlessfoodandshelterfordaytimeinsects.Therefore,alotofpollinatorsworkingdayandnightshiftscouldbeaffected,whichiswhatKnopworriesabout.Thenewstudyisthefirsttoshowhowartificiallightaffectsplants’abilitytoproduceseeds.Thetestisalsounusualbecauseitconsidersallkindsofinsectpollinatorsinsteadoffocusingonlyonnight-flyinginsects.Theresearcherspaidspecialattentiontothecabbagethistle,buttheyalsomappedwhichkindsofinsectsvisitedotherplantsbydayornight.1．Whywerestreetlightsputupinthemeadows?A．Tocopylightpollution.B．Topromoteurbanization.C．Toaccelerateplantgrowth.D．Toattractinsectpollinators.2．Whatcanbeinferredaboutcabbagethistles?A．Theyattractonlynightvisitors.B．Theygrowslowlyduringthenight.C．TheyarethemostcommonSwissflowers.D．Theyrelyoninsectstohelpproduceseeds.3．Lightpollutionaffectspollinators’________.A．sightB．numbersC．growthD．foodandshelter4．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Plantsattractmoreinsectsduetolightpollution.B．Night-flyinginsectsmattermorethandaytimeones.C．Lightpollutionmayaffectplants’seednumbers.D．Researchersfoundwaystoprotecttheenvironment.【答案】1．A

2．D

3．D

4．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新研究发现，夜间过多的光照会减少植物生产的种子数量。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“ResearchersputupstreetlightsinSwissmeadows,farfromanyrealstreet.Thesetupmimickedurbanlightpollution.”（研究人员在远离真正街道的瑞士草地上架起了路灯。这个装置模仿了城市的光污染。）可知，路灯竖立在草地上是为了模拟城市的光污染。故选A项。2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Fewerinsectvisitorsatnightcouldmeanlesspollen

pollinatedfromplanttoplant(thefirststepinproducingseeds).“Forthethistles,daytimepollinatorvisitsdidn’tmakeupforthislossatnight,”saysEvaKnop,anecologistattheUniversityofBerninSwitzerland.”（夜间昆虫访客的减少可能意味着植物间授粉的花粉减少(产生种子的第一步)。瑞士伯尔尼大学的生态学家伊娃·诺普说：“对于蓟来说，白天授粉者的来访并不能弥补夜间的损失。”）可知，昆虫更少可能意味着植物之间的授粉减少(授粉是结籽的第一步)，对于这种蓟来说，白天授粉者的造访并不能弥补晚上的损失，由此推断，这种植物依靠昆虫来帮助结籽。故选D项。3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Lightatnightthatdecreasesseednumberscouldovertimemeanfewernewplants.Andfewerplantscouldmeanlessfoodandshelterfordaytimeinsects.Therefore,alotofpollinatorsworkingdayandnightshiftscouldbeaffected,whichiswhatKnopworriesabout.”（随着时间的推移，夜晚的光线会减少种子数量，这意味着新植物的数量会减少。植物的减少意味着白天昆虫的食物和庇护所的减少。因此，许多白班和夜班的传粉者可能会受到影响，这是Knop担心的事情。）可知，光污染影响传粉者的食物和栖身之地。故选D项。4．主旨大意题。阅读全文尤其是第一段中的“Anewstudyfindstoomuchlightatnightcancutthenumberofseedsaplantproduces”（一项新的研究发现，夜间过多的光照会减少植物产生的种子数量。）可知，文章介绍了一项新研究。该研究发现夜间过多的光照会减少植物生产的种子数量。C选项“光污染可以影响植物的种子数量”最符合文章主旨。故选C项。DOfficialsinNewYorkCityareusingtechnologytocutdownonnoiseoncitystreets.Camerasequippedwithradar(雷达)soundcollectorsidentifyloudvehiclesinanefforttocatchdriversviolating(违反)noiserules.NewYorkofficialssayatleast71peoplehavereceivedfinesforoperatingcarsortrucksthatmaketoomuchnoise.Thecity’sDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionnowhasplanstoexpandtheuseoftechnologytoenforce(强制执行)noiserules.CityCouncilmemberErikBottchertoldtheAssociatedPress(AP)vehicleswithillegallychangedpartscanproduceextremelyloudsounds.Hesaidtheyhavebeenagrowingprobleminrecentyears.Bottchersupportstheuseofradartoreducenoiseinthecity.NewYorkCityalreadyhassomeofthestrongestrulesinthecountryaimedatlimitingnoiseoncitystreets.Ithassetpermissiblenoiselevelsforbuildingtoolsandvehicles.Thenewdevicesrecordthevehiclenumbersofoffenders,whothenreceiveaviolationnoticeinthemail.Ownersfacefinesof$800fortheirfirstnoiseoffense.Somecouldberequiredtopayupto$2,625iftheyhavethreeviolationsandignorecourthearings.TheAPsaysthereisevidencetosupporttheideathatnoiseaffectsnotonlyhearingbutalsomoodandmentalhealth.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDCP)evensaystherearepossiblelinksbetweennoiseandhigherrisksforheartdiseaseandraisedbloodpressure.However,somepeopleinthecitysaythegovernmenteffortstoquietloudvehicleshavegonetoofar.OnepersonopposedtothepolicyisPhillipFranklin,a30-year-oldcarloverfromtheBronxareaofNewYork.Helaunchedanonlineefforttoprotestnoiserules.“ThemajorityofuslivehereinNewYorkCity,wherenoiseisapartofourdailylives,”saidadocumentexplaininghiseffort.FranklinnotedthatquietvehiclescanalsopresentdangerstoinattentiveindividualswalkingaroundNewYorkCity.5．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A．Technologyiskeyinnoisereduction.B．Casesofviolatingnoiserulesarereduced.C．Morepeoplewillbepunishedforloudvehicles.D．Theeffortstoidentifyloudvehiclesseemedinvain.6．WhatisaconcernaccordingtoBottcher?A．Thewideuseofradar. B．Increasingloudvehicles.C．Thesettingofnoiselevels. D．Illegallychangedvehicles.7．WhatisthepurposeofParagraph4?A．Tosummarizethepreviousparagraphs.B．Toprovidesomeproofforthepolicy.C．Toaddsomebackgroundinformation.D．Tointroduceanewtopicfordiscussion.8．Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthetext?A．NewYorkersareallusedtoloudnoise.B．Notallpeopleapproveofthenoiserules.C．Noisehasnothingtodowithhighbloodpressure.D．Quietvehicleswillcausesafetyproblems.【答案】5．C

6．D

7．B

8．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纽约市出台的新政：利用雷达技术探测噪音大的车辆并进行罚款，以此来控制城市车辆噪音。5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thecity’sDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionnowhasplanstoexpandtheuseoftechnologytoenforce(强制执行)noiserules.(该市环境保护部现在计划扩大技术的使用，以执行噪音规定)”可推知，扩大使用雷达探测范围意味着的更多的人将因车辆噪音大而受到惩罚。故选C项。6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“CityCouncilmemberErikBottchertoldtheAssociatedPress(AP)vehicleswithillegallychangedpartscanproduceextremelyloudsounds.Hesaidtheyhavebeenagrowingprobleminrecentyears.(市议会成员埃里克·博特彻告诉美联社，非法更换零部件的车辆会发出非常大的声音。他说，近年来，这是一个日益严重的问题)”可知，Bottcher担忧的是车辆的非法改装。故选D项。7．推理判断题。根据第四段“TheAPsaysthereisevidencetosupporttheideathatnoiseaffectsnotonlyhearingbutalsomoodandmentalhealth.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDCP)evensaystherearepossiblelinksbetweennoiseandhigherrisksforheartdiseaseandraisedbloodpressure.(美联社表示，有证据表明噪音不仅会影响听力，还会影响情绪和心理健康。美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDCP)甚至表示，噪音与心脏病和血压升高的高风险之间可能存在联系)”可推知，本段旨在提供政府控制车辆噪音的医学依据。故选B项。8．推理判断题。根据第五段中“However,somepeopleinthecitysaythegovernmenteffortstoquietloudvehicleshavegonetoofar.(然而，该市一些人表示，让噪音车辆安静下来的努力太过了)”可知，有人认为政府举动过头，这说明并不是所有人都赞成这项噪音新政。故选B项。II.完形填空Withintwoyearsoffirstshowingsignsofmemoryloss,PeterMarshallhadtogiveupworkasearlyonsetAlzheimer’sbegantotakehold.HiswifeLisastartedablogcalled“OhHelloAlzheimer’s”tohelphercopewiththeprogressive____9____ofherhusband'sfadingmemory.Iget____10____everydayfrompeoplesaying,‘Thankyou—nowIdon’tfeelsoalone’,”shesaid.Asthedisease____11____,Peter’smemory____12____fadedandhebegantorefertoLisaashis"favouriteperson”.Then,onedaylastyear,theywerewatchingawedding____13____ontelevisionwhenPetersuddenlylookedathiswifeandsaid,“Let’sdoit!”“Well,OK,weshouldgetmarriedthen,”shetoldhim.Thenextday,____14____,Peterappearedtohaveforgottenallaboutit.Still,withthe20th____15____oftheirweddingapproachingthisyear,theideaseemedtomakesensetoLisainthefaceofherhusband’srapid____16____.Sarah,Lisa’sdaughterfromamarriagebeforeshemetPeter,helpedorganizetheevent.

“Iknewthatmystepdad,whoIamveryclosewith,wastherethroughsomeofthe____17____timesofmylife.”WhenLisajoinedherhusbandto____18____vowsforthesecondtime,hisdelightwasclearforalltosee.“Itwasjustmagical—straightoutofa____19____.”shesaid.Themusic____20____thethemeoftheday:asaxophonistplayedUnforgettableasLisawalkeddowntheaisle.“Therewasn’tadryeye,andIwas____21____.”Lisasaid.“Ihadn’tseenPeterthathappyinalongtime.”Astheydancedwhileguests____22____.Lisasaidherhusband____23____afewwordsinherear.“Thankyouforstaying,”hesaid.9．A．dilemma B．problem C．challenge D．trouble10．A．messages B．letters C．mails D．comments11．A．appeared B．worsened C．emerged D．strengthened12．A．formally B．eventually C．desperately D．instantly13．A．scene B．event C．situation D．spot14．A．but B．instead C．however D．therefore15．A．year B．ceremony C．celebration D．anniversary16．A．decline B．reduction C．drop D．disappearance17．A．happiest B．saddest C．toughest D．brightest18．A．speak B．exchange C．swear D．express19．A．fairytale B．story C．drama D．show20．A．played B．reflected C．equaled D．matched21．A．inthesky B．overthemoon C．overthesky D．intheair22．A．lookedat B．movedaround C．lookedon D．cheeredup23．A．told B．uttered C．conveyed D．whispered【答案】9．C

10．A

11．B

12．C

13．A

14．C

15．D

16．A

17．C

18．B

19．A

20．D

21．B

22．C

23．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。丈夫Peter因阿尔茨海默症逐渐失去记忆，妻子在博客上记录他们的生活。在重现他们的婚礼场景中，妻子Lisa感到，虽然丈夫逐渐失去记忆，但是他们之间的爱一直存在。【详解】1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的妻子丽莎开设了一个名为“哦，你好，阿尔茨海默氏症”的博客，以帮助她应对丈夫逐渐衰退的记忆带来的挑战。A.dilemma两难；B.problem问题；C.challenge挑战；D.trouble麻烦。根据“husbandsfadingmemory.”可知，Lisa开了博客，帮助自己应对丈夫记忆消退所产生的挑战。故选C。2.

考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我每天都收到人们的留言说，‘谢谢你，现在我不觉得那么孤单了’。”。A.messages信息；B.letters信件；C.mails邮件；D.comments评论。

根据“saying,‘Thankyou—nowIdon’tfeelsoalone’,”可知，丽莎每天都会收到很多的消息。故选A。3.

考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着病情的恶化，彼得的记忆力严重衰退，他开始称丽莎是他“最喜欢的人”。A.

appeared出现；B.worsened恶化；C.emerged浮现；D.strengthened加强。根据“hebegantorefertoLisaashis‘favouriteperson’.”可知，彼得病情恶化。故选B。4.考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着病情的恶化，彼得的记忆力严重衰退，他开始称丽莎是他“最喜欢的人”A.formally正式地；B.eventually最后；C.desperately绝望地、严重地；D.instantly马上。根据“hebegantorefertoLisaashis‘favouriteperson’.”可知，彼得的记忆力严重衰退。故选C。5.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，去年的一天，他们正在看电视上的婚礼场景，A.scene场景；B.event事件；C.situation情况；D.spot地点。根据“‘Well,OK,weshouldgetmarriedthen,’shetoldhim.”可知，他们在电视上看到一个婚礼场景。故选A。6.

考查连词/副词词义辨析。句意：然而，第二天，彼得似乎把这事全忘了。A.but但是；B.instead代替；C.however然而；D.therefore因此。根据“Peterappearedtohaveforgottenallaboutit.”可知，前后表示转折，空后有逗号，用连接副词however。故选C。7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，今年是他们结婚20周年纪念，面对丈夫记忆的迅速衰退，丽莎似乎觉得这个想法是合理的。A.year年；B.ceremony仪式；C.celebration庆祝；D.anniversary周年纪念。根据“oftheirwedding”可知，他们20周年结婚纪念来临。故选D。8.考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，今年是他们结婚20周年纪念，面对丈夫记忆的迅速衰退，丽莎似乎觉得这个想法是合理的。A.decl