中考英语总复习语法知识第12节句子课件

中考语法知识第十二节句子广东省卷近4年中考统计(※语法选择◆完形填空★短文填空)考点2020年2021年2022年2023年宾语从句※why※what★what※how※why★what定语从句————感叹句———※How广东省卷近4年中考统计(※语法选择◆完形填空★短文填空)命题趋向从近4年广东中考的情况来看，宾语从句是必考题，基本每年均考查一道宾语从句题(2021年和2023年出现了两题)。考查形式主要有以下4个方面：①引导词＋语序；②时态＋语序；

③引导词；④引导词＋时态。中考说明近4年的广东中考英语主要考查了句子的种类、并列句和复合句，考查的内容包含很多，

如基本句型、宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句等。考点一：句子的分类一、按用途分类句子按使用目的可分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。类别用法结构例句陈述句用于陈述事实或观点陈述语序肯定句：主语＋系动词be/助动词/情态动词＋谓语/表语＋其他．Sheisnice.否定句：主语＋系动词be/助动词/情态动词＋not＋谓语/表语＋其他．Sheisn’tnice.类别用法结构例句陈述句用于陈述事实或观点倒装语序so＋系动词be/助动词/情态动词＋主语．—Lilyisnice.—SoisMary.(主语不同，

用倒装)—Sheisnice.—Sosheis.(主语相同，

表认可)neither/nor＋系动词be/助动词/情态动词＋主语．Sheisn’tbad,neitherishe.Here/There＋谓语＋主语(名词).Herearesomeapplesforyou.类别用法结构例句疑问句一般疑问句用于提出问题的句子系动词be/助动词/情态动词＋主语＋谓语/表语＋其他？—Isshenice?—Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.选择疑问句提供两种或以上的情况供对方选择一般疑问句＋or＋供选择的部分？—Issheniceorbad?—Sheisnice.特殊疑问句用于询问某一具体内容疑问词(5个W和1个H)＋一般疑问句？—Whoisnice?—Sheisnice.类别用法结构例句疑问句反意疑问句附于陈述句之后，

对所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问一般陈述句＋附加问句？(前肯后否)—Sheisnice,isn’tshe?—Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.否定陈述句(包括含no,never,nothing,hardly,few,little,none,seldom等表否定意义的词)＋附加问句？(前否后肯)—Sheisn’tnice,isshe?—Yes,sheis.(不，

她人很好。)—No,sheisn’t.(是的，

她人不好。)类别用法结构例句疑问句反意疑问句附于陈述句之后，

对所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问Therebe句型＋附加问句(there作主语)？—Thereisagirlintheroom,isn’tthere?—Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.祈使句(无主语)＋willyou/won’tyou？(前肯后否，

前否后肯)—Beanicegirl,won’tyou?—Yes,Iwill./No,Iwon’t.类别用法结构例句疑问句反意疑问句附于陈述句之后，

对所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问Let’s/Letus＋动词原形＋其他＋shallwe/willyou？—Let’sgoswimming,shallwe?—Goodidea./Sorry,Ican’t.I/Wethink/believe/suppose/expect＋从句＋附加问句(主谓与从句的一致)？—Ithinkshe’sanicegirl,isn’tshe？/Idon’tthinkshe’sanicegirl,isshe?—Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.现在完成时句子＋has(hasn’t)/have(haven’t)＋主语？—Shehasbeenanicegirl,hasn’tshe?—Yes,shehas.类别用法结构例句祈使句用于表达请求、命令等语气肯定句：动词原形＋表语/宾语！Beanicegirl！否定句：Don’t＋动词原形＋表语/宾语！Don’tbeabadgirl！感叹句用于表达强烈情感How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语＋其他！Hownicesheis！What(a/an)＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语＋其他！Whatanicegirlsheis！二、按结构分类句子按其结构可分为三类：简单句、并列句和复合句。类别定义结构例句简单句由一个主谓结构组成的句子主语＋系动词＋表语．Shelookssad.主语＋不及物动词．Sheleft.主语＋及物动词＋宾语．Sheleftherbaghere.主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语．Sheleftmeabag.主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋补语．Sheaskedmetodoit.therebe句型Thereisabookonthetable.类别定义结构例句并列句由两个或两个以上分句组成的句子简单句＋并列连词(and/notonly…butalso…/both…and…/aswellas/neither…nor…)＋简单句SheleftandIstayed.简单句＋转折连词

(but/however/while/yet)＋简单句Sheleft,butIstayed.简单句＋选择连词(or/either…or…)＋简单句Sheleft,orIleft.简单句＋因果连词(so/for)＋简单句Sheleft,soIstayed.类别定义结构例句复合句宾语从句连接词(when/where/who/what/whether/if/why/how/that)＋主语＋谓语Shesaidthatshewouldleave.定语从句关系词(who/whom/whose/when/where/which/that)＋主语＋谓语SheleftforBeijingwhichisthecapitalofChina.类别定义结构例句复合句状语从句时间状语从句：连接词(when/while/as/before/after/until/assoonas)＋主语＋谓语SheleftassoonasIarrived.条件状语从句：连接词(if/unless)＋主语＋谓语Shewon’tleaveunlessIarrive.原因状语从句：连接词(because/since/as)＋主语＋谓语Sheleftbecauseitwasasadplace.类别定义结构例句复合句状语从句让步状语从句：连接词(though/although)＋主语＋谓语Sheleftthougheveryoneaskedhertostay.目的状语从句：连接词(sothat/inorderthat)＋主语＋谓语Sheleftsothatshecouldhaveanewlife.结果状语从句：连接词(so…that/such…that)＋主语＋谓语Sheleftsoearlythatshecaughtthefirstbus.比较状语从句：连接词(than/as…as…)＋主语＋谓语SheleftearlierthanIdid.【针对练习】(

)1．(2023锦州，2)—________goodadviceitis!I’msuretohaveawonderfulsummervacation.—I’msogladthatyoulikeit.A．How B．WhataC．What D．WhatanC

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)2．(2023北京，5)—________doyoutidyyourownroom?—Twiceaweek.A．Howoften B．HowsoonC．Howmuch D．HowlongA

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)3．—Itisreportedthatcancercanbecontrolledatatemperaturelowerthan110℃belowzero.—Really？________nicesurprise!A．How B．WhatC．Whata D．WhatanC

(

)4．Tommy,________playbasketballinthestreetnexttime.Youmaygethitbyacar.A．do B．don’tC．not D．doesn’t(

)5．—________Itakephotoshere?—Sorry,youcan’t.It’snotallowedinthemuseum.A．Must B．NeedC．Can D．WillB

C

考点二：宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句一、宾语从句在主从复合句中充当宾语的句子叫作宾语从句。(一)引导词宾语从句引导词例句陈述句充当宾语从句时，

用that引导，that无词义，

在口语或非正式文体中常省略Myteachersaid(that)Iwasagoodboy.宾语从句引导词例句当一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，

用if或whether引导，

意为“是否”Idon’tknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，

只需用原来的疑问词引导Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing？(二)宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序类别引导词语序例句陈述句that不发生变化Ithinkthatwecanbegoodfriends.一般疑问句if/whether改为陈述语序Ican’trememberif/whetherIpostedtheletter.特殊疑问句wh-疑问词(不作主语时)改为陈述语序HeaskedwhatourEnglishteacherlookedlike.(三)宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应时态例句如果主句的时态是现在时，

宾语从句可根据实际情况灵活运用各种时态Iwonderifyouareright.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，

宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态HetoldmethathewouldgotoBeijing.从句陈述的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，

宾语从句仍用现在时Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.【针对练习】(

)1．(2023荆州，7)—Couldyoutellus________wecanstartaconversationwithaforeigner?—Talkingaboutweatherisacommonway.A．when B．whyC．where D．howD

(

)2．(2023陕西A卷，8)Whenyoufirstbecamedeafandblind,youhadahardtimeshowingpeople________.A．whatdoyouwant B．whatyouwantC．whatdidyouwant D．whatyouwantedD

(

)3．—Doyouknow________yesterday?—Yes.Hewentfortheboatrace.A．whydidn’tPetergotoschool B．whydoesn’tPetergotoschoolC．whyPeterdidn’tgotoschool D．whyPeterdoesn’tgotoschoolC

(

)4．—Iwonder________.—ItwillfallonaSaturday.A．howwillNationalDayfallonthisyear B．howNationalDaywillfallonthisyearC．whatdaywillNationalDayfallonthisyear D．whatdayNationalDaywillfallonthisyearD

二、状语从句在主从复合句中，用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等而充当状语的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句分时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式等几种类型。具体见下表：序号类别从属连词例句1时间状语从句when,while,as,before,after,since,till/until,assoonas等Whenweweredancing,abeggarcamein.Theywerewashingclotheswhilewewerereadingmagazines.2地点状语从句where,whereverJohnfoundhisvisawherehelostit.Wecangowhereverwewouldliketogointhesummerholiday.序号类别从属连词例句3原因状语从句because,since,as,forIdidn’tgoabroadwithherbecauseIcouldn’taffordit.4条件状语从句if,unless,aslongasYou’llpasstheexamifyoustudyhard.You’llbelateunlessyouhurry.序号类别从属连词例句5目的状语从句sothat,inorderthat,incaseHeputawaytheknifesothathischildcouldn’treachit.Takeyourumbrellaincaseitrains.6结果状语从句so…that…,such…that…Shespokesofastthatnobodycouldcatchwhatshewassaying.序号类别从属连词例句7让步状语从句though,although,evenif/though等Thoughshe’sveryyoung,sheknowsquitealot.8比较状语从句as…as…,notas/so…as…,thanWewereasluckyastheywere.9方式状语从句as,asif/thoughTheylookasiftheyknoweachother.注意：状语从句可位于主句之前，

用逗号与其隔开，

也可位于主句之后。【针对练习】(

)1．Johnsonwon’tansweryourquestionifhe________theanswer.A．knew B．doesn’tknow C．willknow D．didn’tknowB

(

)2．Thenursewon’tleaveherpatients________she’ssuretheyarealltakengoodcareof.A．unless B．because C．since D．if(

)3．—Whywereyoulateforschoolthismorning,Tom?—Iwasabouttogotoschool________itbegantorain.A．since B．while C．as D．whenA

D

(

)4．Couldyouhelpmewithhousework________youarefreetoday?A．since B．though C．unless D．until(

)5．Theyspoke________quietly________Icouldhardlyhearthem.A．such;that B．so;that C．neither;nor D．both;andA

B

三、定语从句在主从复合句中充当定语修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。(一)引导定语从句的关系词及其功能

关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语、宾语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourfather？whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时，

常可以省略。

但介词提前时，关系代词不能省略，

也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.

关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词whose人/物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时，

常可以省略。

但介词提前时，关系代词不能省略，

也不可以用thatthat人/物主语、宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词which物主语、宾语ThebookwhichIgaveyouwasworth$10．whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时，

常可以省略。

但介词提前时，关系代词不能省略，

也不可以用thatas人/物主语、宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.as作宾语一般不省略

关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系副词when时间名词时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhich替代where地点名词地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhich替代whyReason原因状语Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich替代(二)that与which,who和whom的用法区别情形用法说明例句只用that的情况先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.先行词被形容词最高级和序数词修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.情形用法说明例句只用that的情况先行词既指人又指物时Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwemetduringthetrip.先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.句中已经有who或which,为了避免重复时Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech？情形用法说明例句只用which,who,whom的情况在非限制性定语从句中，

只能用which指代物，

用who/whom指人Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.在由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，

只能用which指物，whom指人Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.先行词本身是that时，

关系词用which；先行词为those,one或he时，关系词多用whoThosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers,too.【针对练习】(

)1．(2023十堰，9)Iwillremembertheimportantpeople________helpedandsupportedmeinmylife.A．which B．whoseC．whom D．whoD

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)2．(2023营口，3)TheAerospaceSquare________wascompletedlastyearhasbecomeanewtouristattraction.A．which B．whoC．whom D．whereA

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)3．Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.Everything________comesintosightissonewtome.A．that B．whichC．who D．whomA

(

)4．I’llneverforgettheplace________wevisitedtogetherlastyear.A．which B．whatC．who D．whomA

一、单项选择(

)1．________beautifullylittleSimondancesinfrontofthecamera!A．What B．WhataC．How D．HowaC

(

)2．—Look！Thekidsareplayingontheplayground.—________greattimetheyarehaving!A．What B．HowC．Whata D．Howa(

)3．—MustIhandinthehomeworkrightnow?—________.That’stherule.A．Yes,youmust B．No,youcan’tC．Yes,youcan D．No,youmustn’tC

A

(

)4．—Moreandmorepeopleprefertowalkratherthanrideincars.—________.Walkingisgoodforhealth.A．Sotheyare B．SoaretheyC．Sodothey D．SotheydoD

(

)5．—It________snowytomorrow.Wecanmakeasnowman.—Soundsgreat.A．is B．willbeC．are D．willhaveB

(

)6．—Mike，yourfirstDragonBoatFestivalinChinaiscoming.Shallwecelebrateittogether?—I’dloveto,butcouldyoutellme________?A．whatisthemeaningofthefestival B．wherewouldwehavethecelebrationC．howyouusuallycelebratethefestival D．whenisthisyear’sDragonBoatFestivalC

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)7．—Dearfriends,doyoustillremember________threeyearsago?—Torealizeourdream!A．whyyoucamehere B．whydidyoucomehereC．howyoucamehere D．whyyoucomehereA

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)8．—Idon’tknow________duringthesummervacation.Doyouhaveanyadvice?—HowaboutvisitingBeijingInternationalHorticulturalExpo(北京国际园艺博览会)?A．whatshouldIdo B．whenshouldIgoC．whatIshoulddo D．whenIshouldgoC

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)9．—Excuseme,whereisthenearesthotel?—Justgodownthisstreet________youseealibrary.It’sacrossfromit.A．because B．untilC．unless D．thoughB

(

)10．—DoyouknowAbing?—Ofcourse.Heisafolkmusicianwithlotsoftalent________wasborninthecityofWuxiin1893.A．which B．whoC．whom D．w