2022中考阅读理解热点话题练 专题44 疾病（原卷版）

答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页2022中考阅读理解热点话题练专题44疾病Passage1（2021·广西百色·中考真题）Whenyoufeelasneeze（喷嚏）orcoughcomingon,coveringyourmouthpreventsthespreadofgerms（细菌）.Youprobablyknewthat.Buthowtocoveryourmouthisveryimportant.Youmightusetissues（纸巾）,andputyourusedtissuesintothebin.“Ifyoudon'thavetissues,youshouldsneezeintoyourelbow,notyourhand,evenifyouareusedtodoingthat.”Thedoctorsadvised.“Ifsomebodysneezesintohishands,thosegermswillbepassedontootherpeople,orotherobjectsthatpeopletouch.”saidDr.Hill.Germsaremostcommonlyspreadbysneezingandcoughing.Whentheylandonyourhands,theyarepassedfromhandstothingslikebills,doorknobs（扶手）,liftbuttonsandothersurfaces.Atthesametime,thepeoplearoundyoucantouchthem.“Thesuggestionwastakenseriouslyabout10yearsago.However,mostpeopledidn'tpaymuchattentiontoit.Thatmeanstheadultsmayhavemissedtheadvice.Butchildrenareoftentaughtinschooltherightwaytocoughorsneeze.”Dr.Benjaminsaid.Tobeclear,peoplecan'tkeepawayfromalltherisksinthisway,butit'sthebestchoice.Atthesametime,we'dbetterwearmasks（口罩）andoftenwashourhands.“Handwashingisoneofthemostimportantthingspeoplecandotokeephealthy.”Dr.Hillsaid.根据短文内容，选出最佳选项。1．Accordingtothispassage,whensneezingorcoughing,you'dbetternot________.A．sneezeintoyourelbow B．coveryourmouthwithtissuesC．useyourhandtocoveryourmouth D．coveryourmouthwithyourelbow2．Ifyousneezeintohands,germscanspreadthroughthefollowingactivitiesexcept________.A．usingliftbuttons B．usingdoorknobs C．shakinghands D．washinghands3．Whichistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Ifyoudon'thavetissues,youshouldsneezeintoyourhand.B．Theadultmaybeusedtosneezingintotheirelbow.C．Parentsoftenteachtheirchildrentherightwaytocoughorsneeze.D．Wearingmasksisagoodwaytokeepawayfromgerms.4．What'sthemainpurposeofthisarticle?A．Totellusthecorrectwaytousetissueswhensneezingorcoughing.B．Totellussomecorrectwaystopreventthespreadofgerms.C．Totellusit'snecessarytosneezeorcoughintoelbow.D．Totellushowtokeepawayfromallrisks.5．Inwhichlayout（版面）ofthenewspapercanwefindthiskindofpassage?A．Health. B．Sports. C．Business. D．Education.Passage2（2021·湖南永州·中考真题）Dogsmighthavethelatesttoolsinthefightagainstcancer(癌症);theirnoses!ResearchersatCalifornia’sPineStreetFoundation(PSF)saytheyhavetrainedfivedogstosmellcanceronaprison’sbreath.Thiscouldbeexcitingnews.Adog’ssenseofsmellmaybe10,000to100,000timesstrongerthanours.Butcandogsreallysmellillness?PSFresearcherMichaelMcCullochsaysyes.“Wewereverysurprisedbyhowexacttheywere,”hesaid.“Theyweretellingwhohadcancer,andtheywerealsosayingwhodidn’t.”DogsinthePineStreetFoundationtestweretrainedtositwhentheysmelledcancer.Howwelldidtheyperform?Takealookatthischarttofindout.BreathSampleNumberofTimestheDogsSatdownNumberofTimestheDogsKeptStandingBreathfromlungcancerpatients56410Breathfromhealthypersons4708McCullochandhisteamaskedfourhealthypeopleandonewithcancertoblowintoplastictubes(塑料管).Specialmaterialsinthetubeskeptthethingsofeachbreath.Thetubeswerethenplacedoneyardapart.Finally,thedogswereallowedtosmellthetubes.Eachdoghadbeentrainedforthreeweekstositwhenitsmelledcancer.Ninety-ninepercentofthetime,thedugsatnexttothetubesblownintobypatientswithlungcancer.Thedogswereright88percentofthetimeaboutbreastcancer.Nolabtestforcancerhasgivenmorecorrectresultsthanthistest.Theresultsaresoamazingthatmanyexpertsquestionthedogs’smellingpower.Theywonderiftherewereotherreasonswhythedogsdidsowell.Forexample,theythoughtthewaythedogtrainersbehavedcouldhaveinfluencedhowthedogsacted.However,mostexpertsagreethatthisstudyisimportant.Theinformationcouldhelpscientistscreateasimplebreathtestforcancerinthefuture.Onceagain,humansmaybegettingahelpingpawornose—fromtheirbestanimalfriends.6．What’sthelatesttooladogmighthaveinthefightagainstcancer?A．Tooth. B．Nose. C．Ear.7．WhathappenedfirstinthePineStreetFoundationtest?A．Thedogsweretrained. B．Thetubeswereplacedoneyardapart.C．Thedogssmelledthetubes.8．Whatwasadogsupposedtodowhenitsmelledcancer?A．Smellagain. B．Turnaround. C．Sitdown.9．Lookatthechart.Howmanytimesdidthedogskeepstandingwhentheysmelledthebreathfromhealthypersons?A．Lessthan10times. B．Almost600times. C．About700times.10．Whydomanyexpertsquestionthedog’ssmellingpower?A．Becausenolabtestforcancerhasgivenmorecorrectresults.B．Becausethedogtrainersinfluencedhowthedogsacted.C．Becausetheydon’tthinkthisstudyisimportant.Passage3（2020·广西梧州·中考真题）Eachyearthereareatleastfivemillionpeoplearoundtheworldwhodevelopserious（流感）andalmosthalfamilliondeaths.Whensomeoneweknowgetsthefluvirus（病毒）,weexpectthemtobeverycarefulnottopassitontoothers.Doctorsandnursesworkingwithflupatientsalsoneedtoprotectthemselvesfromthevirus.Butwhatisthebestwaytodothis?ThisisthequestionthatProfessorJonathanVan-Tamistryingtoanswer.Hewantstofindouthowfluistransmitted（传播）,sothathecanstopdoctorsandnursesgettingsick.Since2008Van-TamhasbeeninchargeofanIntentionalgroupstudyinghowthefluvirustravels.Forthefirsttime,41volunteersagreedtolivetogether.Theylivedinaclinic（诊所）inCambridgeshirefortwoweeks,wheretheycameintocontactwiththefluvirus.Van-Tamexplainstheirmethods."Everyonelivestogetherinthesmallspaceforfourdays.Somewearfacemasks,andwashhandsevery15minutes,butsomehavenoprotection."Inhiswaywecanstudywhocatchesthefluandwhichwaysoftransmittingfluareimportant.Theexperiment（试验）isnotsimple.Atthemomenttheteamareworkingonthreestudies.Van-Tambelievesthatifthistypeofstudyworkswelltheresultswillhelpdecidewhatprotectionpeopleneedworkinginhospitalwithflupatientsaroundtheworld.Andperhapsitcoulddeclinethenumberofdeathsfromflueachyear.11．Fromthefirstparagraph,weknowthat________.A．atleastfivemillionpeopledevelopseriousflueveryyearallovertheworldB．aboutamillionpeopledieoffluinoneyearintheworldC．itisimpossibleforthepeoplewhocatchtheflutopassthevirusontoothersD．doctorsandnurseshavefoundthebestwaytoprotectthemselvesfromthevirus12．WhydoesProfessorVan-Tamusethemethods?A．Becausehehasbeeninchargeofaninternationalgroup.B．Becausehewantsthemtocomeintocontactwiththefluvirus.C．Becausehewantstofindouthowfluistransmitted.D．Becausehecanprotectthem.13．AccordingtothemethodsVan-Tamexplain,whatdosomeofthevolunteersdointhesmallspace?A．Havenosleep. B．Wearglasses. C．Havenobreak. D．Wearfacemasks.14．Theunderlinedword"'decline"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans"________".A．增加B．降落 C．控制 D．减少15．Accordingtothepassagewecaninfer（推断）that________.A．ProfessorVan-TamwantshisstudytohelpreducethepossibilityofcatchingfluB．allthevolunteersdidn'thavecontactwiththefluvirusC．thegroupledbyVan-TamonlydidonestudyD．thestudieshavealreadybeenfinishedPassage4（2020·江苏常州·中考真题）Influenza,orflu(流感),isatypeofvirus.Itspreadsfromonepersontoanotherquickly.Whensomeonewhohastheflucoughsorsneezes,littledropletsfromtheirlungs(肺)spreadoutintotheair.Anyonenearbycangetsick.Evenapersonwhotouchessomethingwiththevirusandthentoucheshisorhermouth,eyes,ornose,canbecomeinfected(感染).Theoutbreakofthe1918influenzainfectedabout500millionpeopleworldwide.Itkilledfrom20millionto50millionpeople.ItwasfirstseeninEurope,theUnitedStates,andpartsofAsia.Itthenspreadquicklyaroundtheworld.Manypeoplewhobecamesickwereyoung,healthyadults.Atthetime,notreatmentsworkedinthepreventionofthespreadofthekillerflu.Peoplewereorderedtowearmasks.Schools,theatersandotherpublicplaceswereclosed.Whenthefirstwave(波〉inthespringof1918hit,itdidn'tseemserious.Peoplewhowereinfectedfelttheusualflusymptoms(症状),whicharechills,fevers,andfeelingtired.Thosewhogotsickgenerallygotbetterafterseveraldays.Notmanydied.However,asecond,highlycontagious(传染的)waveofinfluenzaappearedinthefallofthatsameyear.Victimsdiedshortlyaftertheywereinfected—withinhoursordays.Theirskinturnedblueandtheirlungswerefilledwithliquid(液体),makingitverydifficulttobreathe.Bythesummerof1919,theflupandemic(大流行病)cametoanend.Sickpeoplehadeithergotwellordied.Almost90yearslater,in2008,researchersannouncedthey’ddiscoveredwhythe1918fluwassodeadly.Thefluvirusinflamed(使…恶化)thelungs,causingthemtofillwithliquid.Since1918,therehavebeenseveralotherinfluenzapandemics,althoughnonehasbeenquiteasdeadly.16．Whatinformationaboutthe1918fluismentionedinthepassage?A．Thereasonwhyitwassodeadly.B．Thereasonwhyitended.C．Thechangeitcausedtomedicalresearch.D．Theplaceinwhichitwaslastseen.17．Allthepeoplethatwereinfectedwiththe1918flu___________.A．hadblueskinthatledtotheirdeathB．hadtouchedsomeonewiththevirusC．diedastheirlungswerefilledwithliquidD．hadthevirusintheirbodiesthatmadethemsick18．Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthe1918fluisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Wearingamaskwasthebestwaytotreatit.B．Ayoungerpersonhadalowerriskofbeinginfectedwithit.C．Peopleexpectedthecomingofitssecondwave,butcouldn’tstopit.D．Itwasdeadlierthananyotherinfluenzapandemicinmodernhistory.Passage5（2020·青海·中考真题）Overthelastsixmonths,thecoronaviruspandemic(冠状病毒疫情)hasaffecteddifferentcountriesandregionsindifferentways.Here,we’lltakealookatafewofthemostimportanteventsthathavehappened.ItalyshutsdownOnMarch10,theItaliangovernmentdecidedtoputthewholecountryonlockdownafterthenumberofcases(病例)inthecountrystartedincreasingquickly,peopleweresuggestednotleavingtheirhome.Thefirstcasewasdetected(检测到)asearlyasJanuary31.Inthefollowingweeks,thenumberofcasesreachedover10,000bythetimeofthelockdown.Thelockdownaffected16millionpeopleacrossthecountry.Italywasoneofthefirstofmanycountriesthatcarriedoutlockdownstopreventthespreadofthevirus.WHOdeclarespandemicOnMarch11,WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)officiallycharacterized(描述)COVID-19asapandemic.Thiswasbecauseofagrowingnumberofcasesaroundtheworld.Bythistime,thereweremorethan20,0000casesinEurope,including1,000deaths,aswellas1,000casesintheUS.SummerOlympicsdelayedOnMarch24,PresidentoftheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)ThomasBachannouncedthe2020SummerOlympicGames,whichwereplannedtobeheldinTokyo,wouldbedelayeduntilthefollowingyearintheinterestofprotectingpubicsafety.UShitsover1millioncasesOnApril28,theUSofficiallyrecordedoveronemillionCOVID-19casesnationwide.Thiscamejustfourdaysafteritwasannouncedthatthevirushadresultedinover50,000deathsacrossthecountry.Thevirusspreadrapidlyacrossthecountry,asthefirstcasehadbeenrecordedthreemonthsearlier.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。19．Theeventsinthepassageareallconnectedwith________.A．Italy’slockdown B．OlympicgamesC．UScases D．thecoronaviruspandemic20．InParagraph2,theunderlinedword“lockdown”probablymeans________.A．封城 B．控制 C．关押 D．锁定21．COVID-19wasofficiallyannouncedasapandemicbecauseit________.A．causedthelockdownsB．hadagrowingnumberofcasesintheworldC．couldresultindeathD．spreadquicklyinEurope22．2020SummerOlympicGamesinTokyowillbedelayedbecause________.A．peoplemaynotgoduringthepandemic B．thecasesinAsiaincreasedquicklyC．ithasn’tbeenwell-prepared D．it’snecessarytoprotectpublicsafety23．Ittook________forthenumberofCOVID-19casesintheUStoreachoveronemillion.A．fourdays B．twenty-eightdaysC．threemonths D．fourmonthsPassage6（2021·重庆·四川外国语大学附属外国语学校三模）Anelderlymanvisitedadoctorandasked,“Couldyoutakealookatmywife?Herhearingisgettingworse.”Thedoctorsaid,“I’mgladtohelp.ButIdon’tknowhowbadherhearingis.Couldyougohomeanddoalittletestforme?Makesureyourwife’sbackisturnedtoyouandaskheraquestion.Ifshedoesn’tanswer,walkcloserandaskheragain.Keepdoingthisuntilsheanswersyou.”Themanwenthome.Hesawhiswifemakingdinnerwithherbacktohim.Themanasked,“What’sfordinner?”.Hiswifedidn’tanswer,sohewalkedcloserandaskedagain,“What’sfordinner?”Still,shedidn’tanswer.Thistime,hewalkedupjustbehindherandaskedonceagain,“What’sfordinner?”Hiswifeturnedaroundandsaidveryloudly,“Forthethirdtime,we’rehavingchickensoup!”24．Theoldmancametothedoctorbecause________.A．hethoughthiswifehadasorethroat B．hethoughthiswifehadbadhearingC．hethoughthecouldn’tseeanything D．hethoughthemighthaveaheadache25．Thedoctoraskedthemantogohomeand________.A．cookdinnerforhiswife B．askhowhiswifefeltC．makeadinnerplan D．testhiswife’shearing26．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A．theoldmanwenttothehospitalwithhiswifeB．theladydidn’tanswerhishusbandatallC．theoldmanhimselfhadtroublehearingD．thedoctoraskedtheladytosaynothingPassage7（2021·黑龙江肇源·二模）ThenumberofpeopleworldwidewhohavediedofCOVID-19haspassedonemillion,researcherssay,withmanyregions(地区)stillreportingthegrowingnumber.ThereportbyJohnsHopkinsUniversityshowsthatdeathsintheUS,BrazilandIndiamakeupnearlyhalfofthat.Expertswarnthatthetruefactisprobablymuchhigher.“Yetwedon’twanttoloseeverysinglelife,”hesaidinavideomessage.“Theywerefathersandmothers,wivesandhusbands,brothersandsisters,friendsandcolleagues.Thepainhascausedsomuchserioussituationbythisdisease.”Thediseasehasspreadto195countrieswithmorethan60millionconfirmedcases.Theeconomy(经济)ofmanycountrieshasdescendedsomuchthatmillionsofworkerslosttheirjobs.Meanwhile,manycountrieshavedevelopedaneffectivevaccine(疫苗)buttheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)haswarnedthatthedeathtoll(死亡人数)couldhittwomillionbeforeoneiswidelyavailable.Choosetherightansweraccordingtothepassage.27．WeknowthatthedeathintheUS,BrazilandIndiaprobablyhastakenupmorethan________inthereallife.A．10% B．30% C．50% D．40%28．Themeaningoftheword“descend”inParagraph3is________.A．improve B．reduce C．succeed D．fail29．WHOhaswarnedthatthedeathtollcouldhittwomillionbeforethe________iswidelyavailable.A．disease B．virus C．economy D．vaccine30．Whichrelationshipisn’tmentionedinParagraph2?A．Fathersandmothers. B．Wivesandhusbands.C．Sonsandfathers. D．Brothersandsisters.31．Wecanseethispassageina________.A．newspaper B．guidebook C．storybook D．sportsmagazinePassage8（2021·浙江浙江·模拟预测）Therearealotofadvantagesofbeingtallbesidesbeingabletoreachthetopshelfwithoutastepladder.Morecash?That’sright:tallmenearnmoremoney,reportsLiveScience.Ontheotherhand,thereisalsoahugedisadvantage.AccordingtoanewstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaRiverside,tallpeoplemaybemorelikelytodevelopcancer.LeonardNunney,aresearcheratUCRiverside,reviewedfourlargepopulationstudiesabouttheheightandcancer.Nunneystudiedmorethan10,000casesofcancer,andwhenhelookedattheresultgivenaperson’sheight,hefoundthatthecancerriskrisesby10percentforeveryfourinchesabovetheaverageheightapersonis-averagebeing5'4"