2022中考阅读理解热点话题练 专题04 国家勋章和国家荣誉称号（原卷版）

PAGE6PAGE52022中考阅读理解热点话题练专题04国家勋章和国家荣誉称号Passage1（2021·广西玉林·中考真题）InthefightagainstCOVID-19,manynationalheroeshavebecomewell-knowntothepublic.OnAugust11,2020,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingcommended（表彰）fourofthemfortheiroutstandingcontribution（杰出的贡献）.ZhongNanshanwasgiventheMedaloftheRepublic（共和国勋章）.HehasbeenleadingtheChinesegovernment’seffortsinthefightagainstCOVID-19.TheoldexpertgotaresultthatCOVID-19couldbespreadbetweenhumans.“ThePeople’sHero”wasgiventothreeothers.TheyareZhangBoli,ZhangDingyuandChenWei.ZhangBoliisatraditionalChinesemedicine（TCM）expert.Hehasbeeninchargeof（负责）theresearchofCOVID-19treatments（治疗）connectingTCMwithWesternmedicine.ZhangDingyuwastheheadofWuhan’sJinyintanHospitalin2020.Hegotanillnessin2018.However,hechosetostaywithhispartnersinWuhantosavelives.ChenWeiisaprofessor.ShehasmadegreatachievementsintheresearchonCOVID-19.SheisalsooneofthekeyleadersinChina’sEbolavaccine（埃博拉疫苗）research.Thepurposeofgivingthenation’stophonorstothesepeoplewastoshowthegreatcourageandthespiritofworkingtogetheroftheChinesepeople.1．Howmanypeoplewasgiven“thePeople’sHero”byChinesePresidentXiJinping?A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.2．Whogotanillnessin2018accordingtothepassage?A．ZhongNanshan. B．ZhangBoli. C．ZhangDingyu. D．ChenWei.3．Whichofthefollowingisrightinthepassage?A．ChenWeiistheheadofWuhan’sJinyintanHospital.B．ZhangDingyuisatraditionalChinesemedicineexpert.C．ZhongNanshangotaresultthatCOVID-19couldnotbespreadbetweenhumans.D．ZhangBolihasbeeninchargeoftheresearchconnectingTCMwithWesternmedicine.Passage2（2021·辽宁锦州·一模）单项选择，根据短文内容从各题的四个选项中选择一个最佳答案。OnSept.8,2020,PresidentXiJinpingpresentsmedalstotherecipient（接受者）oftheMedaloftheRepublic（共和国勋章）ZhongNanshan,andrecipientsofthenationalhonorary（荣誉的）title“thePeople’sHero,”ZhangBoli,ZhangDingyuandChenWei,atameetingcommending（表彰）rolemodelsinthecountry’sfightagainsttheCOVID-19epidemic（流行病）attheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijing.ZhongNanshanisoneofthem.HeledhisteamtoWuhantofightagainsttheillness.HemadetheimportantdecisiontocutoffWuhanfromothercitiestostopthevirus.Thankstohim,thediseaseisundercontroldaybyday.“Wearingthisuniform,Ishoulddoeverythingforthecountry,”saidChenWei,akeyfigurebehindthevaccine（疫苗）.ShemadegreatachievementsinCOVID-19relatedbasicresearchanddevelopmentofvaccineandprotectivemedicine.ZhangDingyu,headofWuhanJinyintanHospital,learnedthathiswifewasinfected（感染）withCOVID-19,buthestillfoughtinthefrontlineoftheepidemicformorethan30days.Andheledthemedicalteamtotreatthousandsofpatients.Althoughpeoplehavedifferentpositions,industries,abilitiesandlevels,theycancreategreatachievementsincommonpositions.That’sbecausetheyhaveheroic（英雄的）dreamsanddoheroicdeeds.Everyoneadmiresahero.TheheroicChinesepeoplewillsurelycreatenewerandgreaterChinesemiracles（奇迹）.4．Whohasbeengiventhe“theMedaloftheRepublic”byPresidentXi?A．ZhangBoli. B．ZhongNanshan. C．ZhangDingyu. D．ChenWei.5．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutZhangDingyu?A．HissonwasinfectedwithCOVID-19.B．Hefoughtinthefrontlineoftheepidemicforover300days.C．Hismedicalteamsavedthousandsofpatients.D．Thisyear,heiseighty-fouryearsold6．Accordingtothepassage,therecipientsarehonoredbecausetheyareall_________.A．rolemodelsinthecountry’sfightagainsttheCOVID-19epidemicB．makinggreatachievementsinscienceC．keyfiguresbehindthevaccineD．developingvaccineandprotectivemedicinein20207．Accordingtothepassage,whatmainlymakescommonpeoplecreategreatachievements?A．Highpositions. B．Goodabilitiesandhighlevels.C．Greatfeelings. D．Heroicdreamsandheroicdeeds.8．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．China’sGreatAchievements B．DevelopmentofVaccineC．TheHeroicDreamsofPeopleD．GivetheEpidemicHeroesThumb（大拇指）upPassage3（2021·广东·广州华联外语实验学校一模）ChinesehighschoolheadmasterZhangGuimeihasbeenhonoredwiththetitle“RoleModeloftheTimes”inrecognitionofherdedicationtoeducationforgirls.WiththesupportofthePartyandthegovernment,shehelpedsetupthecountry’sfirstseniorhighschooltoofferfreeeducationforgirlsfrompoorfamilies.Sinceitopenedin2008,ithasseenmorethan1,800studentsprogresstouniversitiesandcolleges.About20yearsago,whileonthewaytovisitastudent’shouse,ZhangGuimei,noticedagirlsittingonthehillside.Shewasstaringblanklyintospace.The13-year-oldgirltoldZhangshewasabouttogetmarriedanditwasarrangedbyherparents.“ButIwanttogotoschool,”thegirlsaid.Zhangwenttoherhouseandtriedtopersuadeherparentstoletthegirlreturntoschoolandpromisedtopayforhertuitionherself.However,theydidn’tagree.TheexperiencepersuadedZhangtobuildafreehighschoolforgirls,aimingtohelpgirlsfrompoorfamiliestogetfreehighschooleducation.Afteryearstryingtoraisemoney,in2008,HuapingHighSchoolforGirls,afreepublichighschool,wassetupatthefootoftheShiziMountaininHuaping,whereZhangistheprincipal.Overtheyears,Zhangwalkedthousandsofkilometers,visitingstudents’familiesinthedeepmountain,talkingtovillagers,persuadinggirlstogobacktoschool.Ithasbeenworthit.Morethan1,800graduateshavebeenadmittedtocollege,whichisregardeda"miracle"intheremotearea,asmoststudentsdidn’tperformwellinstudybeforetheschoolwassetup.Zhangsaysshewantschildrenfromthemountaintoattendthebestuniversities.ZhangGuimeitoldthemediaagirlcaninfluencethreegenerations."Aneducated,responsiblemotherwillnotletherchildrendropoutofschool,"shesays,addingthegoalistopreventpovertyfrompassingdownfromgenerationtogeneration.Zhanghaschangedthelivesofthesegirlsbyenablingthemtopursueeducationandpreventingpovertyfrombeingpassedontothenextgeneration,accordingtoastatementissuedbythedepartment.9．Whenwasthecounty’sfirstfreehighschoolforgirlssetup?A．In2001. B．In2008. C．In2010. D．In2020.10．Whichofthefollowingwordshasthesamemeaningastheunderlinedword"principal"inparagraph4?A．Teacher. B．Doctor. C．Headmaster. D．Rolemodel.11．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Zhangwashonoredwiththetitlebecauseofherdedicationtofreeeducationforboys.B．Since2008,thehighschoolhassucceededinsendingmorethan1800girlstocolleges.C．Zhangvisitedmanystudents’familiestopersuadethegirlstoreturntoschool.D．Zhangbelievedthatawell-educatedmothercanbenefitafamilyalot.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowtoChangetheLivesofGirlsinPoorAreasB．ZhangGuimei’sTeachingExperienceinYunnanC．HowtoSetupaFreeHighSchoolforGirlsD．ZhangGuimei-ARoleModeloftheTimesPassage4（2021·福建永定·三模）“Purelove,onlyforthecountry”—thisisasentencefromthediaryofChenXiangrong,a19-year-oldChinesesoldierwhowasstationedattheborderofGalwanValley.Unfortunately,Chendiedduringaborderclash（边境冲突）betweenChineseandIndiantroopsinJune2020.LastJune,IndiansoldiersillegallycrossedtotheChinesesideoftheGalwanValleyandsetuptents,whichforcedtheChinesetroopstoreact,Xinhuasaid.RegimentalcommanderQiFabao,41,ledseveralofhissoldierstonegotiate（协商）withtheIndianside.However,theywerethenattackedbyIndiansoldierswithsteelpipesandrocks.ChenHongjun,33,ChenXiangrong,19,WangZhuoran,24andXiaoSiyuan,24,diedduringtheclash.Qiwastheonlyoneleftalive,butwasseriouslyinjured.ItwasthefirsttimetheChinesemilitaryhasmadepublicthenumberofdeaths,thenamesofthefallensoldiersanddetailssincetheclashhappened.AccordingtoDefenseMinistryspokesmanWuQian,responsibilityfortheGalwanValleyclashfallsonIndia.OnFeb.19,theCentralMilitaryCommission（CMC）honoredthetwoofficersandthreesoldiersfordefendingtheborder.Fourofthemreceivedawardsafterdeath.Theawardsincludehonorarytitlesandfirst-classmerit.InChina,anhonorarytitleisthehighestawardgiventoaservicememberinmilitary.Afirst-classmeritissecond-highest.Thecountryhasalsoofferedpensions（抚恤金）tothefourmartyrs’families.Ateamwillstayintouchwiththefamilymembersandhelpthemifneeded.Themartyrs’childrenwillalsogetextrapointsonthegaokao.13．Purelove,onlyforthecountrycomesfrom________.A．abookofChenXiangrong B．adiaryofChenXiangrongC．abookofQiFabao D．adiaryofQiFabao14．________wasbadlywoundedduringtheborderclash.A．ChenHongjun B．WangZhuora C．QiFabao D．XiaoSiyuan15．Theborderclashhappenedbecause________.A．aChinesesoldierdied B．IndiansoldierslostmanytentsC．Chinesetroopsweretraininginthevalley D．Indiansoldiersillegallycrossedtheborder16．WhatdidtheChinesesoldiersplantodoatfirst?A．FighttheIndiansoldierswithrocks. B．Maketheclashpublic.C．Dealwiththeclashpeacefully. D．HelpinjuredIndiansoldiers.17．Whatdoweknowfromthelastthreeparagraphs?A．Chinahasshowngreatrespectforthefourmartyrs.B．Thefourmartyrshadreceivedhonorarytitlesbeforedeath.C．Themartyrs’familiesreceiveddonationsfromaroundthecountry.D．Themartyrs’childrencangotoanyofChina’stopuniversities.Passage5（2020·广东顺德·三模）Nationalmedalsandhonorarytitles(荣誉称号)areusuallyawardedeveryfiveyears.Asapartofthecelebrationofthe70thanniversary(周年)ofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC．),PresidentXiJinpingawarded42peopletheMedaloftheRepublic,theFriendshipMedalandnationalhonorarytitles.Theycomefromdifferentbackgrounds,includingscientists,lawmakers,educators,artists,modelworkersandsixnon-Chinesepeople.Allhavemadebigcontributionstothenation'sconstructionanddevelopment.Herearesomeofthepeoplewe'llknow.ChinesescientistTuYouyouisoneoftheeightwhowereawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic.Tu,whowonthe2015NobelPrizeforherdiscoveryofthemalariadrugartemisinin(抗疟药物青蒿素),isthefirstChinesecitizentowinaNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.Shehassavedmillionsoflivesworldwide.Shehasalsomadeimportantscientificinnovations(创新)intraditionalChinesemedicine.Tuisnottheonlyonewhohasgivenherlifetothecountry'sdevelopment.NanRendong,beforehisdeathin2017,ledtheresearchanddevelopmentofChina'sFive-hundred-meterApertureSphericalTelescope(FAST,500米口径球面斑电望远镜),theworld'slargestradiotelescope.Heworkedontheprojectformorethan20years.HiscontributionstoChineseastronomyearnedhimthetitle,“thepeople'sscientist".Thankstothegreateffortsmadebythesegreatpeople,wecanliveinapeacefulcountry.18．__________peoplewontheMedaloftheRepublicaccordingtothepassage.A．5 B．6 C．8 D．4219．Peopleofdifferentbackgroundsbelowarementionedinthearticleexcept____________.A．doctors B．artists C．scientists D．foreigners20．WhatdoweknowaboutTuYouyou?A．ShewonaNobelPrizein2017.B．Shehassavedmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.C．SheistheonlywomanfortheMedaloftheRepublic.D．ShehasmadetraditionalChinesemedicineenterallthecountries.21．Theunderlinedwordinthethirdparagraph“astronomy"meansA．气象学 B．天文学 C．地质学 D．军事学22．Themainpurposeofthepassageis_______________.A．toexpressthankstonationalheroesB．todescribehowtogetthenationalhonorarytitlesC．totellreaderswhatmakesagoodrolemodel(榜样)D．tointroducesomeofthepeoplewhowonnationalawardsPassage6（2020·广东罗湖·二模）ThePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC)celebratedits70thfoundinganniversaryin2019.Overthepastdecades,manypeoplehavemadegreatcontributionstothecountry'sdevelopment,helpingitgrowthroughtheirhardwork.On17September2019,aheadofNationalDayon1October,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingsignedapresidentialdecree(主席令)toawardnationalmedalsandhonorarytitlesto42ofthesecontributors,includingbothChinesecitizensandforeigners.Nowlet'slearnfourrecipients(接受者)oftheMedaloftheRepublic.ShenJilan(1929—;DeputytotheNPC)Shen,afarmer,isalifelonglawmaker.In1954,shebecameadeputytotheNationalPeople’sCongress(全国人民代表大会代表).Sincethen,shehasservedatall13NPCs.Shecameupwiththeideaofequalworkbetweenmenandwomen.TheideawaswrittenintoChina’sfirstconstitution(宪法)in1954.SunJiadong(1929—;Aerospaceengineer)SunmadegreatcontributionstowarddevelopingChinesesatellitetechnologyandspaceexploration.HewaschiefdesignerofboththeBeidounavigation(导航)systemandChina’slunarexplorationproject