湖南省2024届普通高等学校招生全国统一考试考前演练英语试卷

湖南省2024届普通高等学校招生全国统一考试考前演练英语试卷姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六总分评分一、阅读理解阅读理解TheBestSmartWaterBottlesof2023forBetterHydration(补水)Youcanexpecttopaybetween$20and$120forasmartwaterbottle.Less-expensiveoptionsmayincludesomesmartfeatures,likeBluetoothconnectivity,hydrationreminders,orapowerbankthatcanchargeyoursmartphone.Ifyou'relookingformoreadvancedsmartfeatures,likeself-cleaningmodes,hydrationtrackingthroughanapp,orlocation-tracking,thenyoumaywanttoconsideramoreexpensivesmartwaterbottle.BestOverall:HidrateSparkSTEELSmartWaterBottlePros:FrequenthydrationremindersWiderangeofsizesandcolors|Location-trackingfeatureCons:Noself-cleaningfeatureBestBudget:ICEWATER3-in-1SmartWaterBottlePros:Canbelockedwhennotinuse|Playsmusic|EasytousewithonehandCons:Can'ttrackyourwaterintake|OnlycomesinonesizeBestSelf-Cleaning:LarqBottlePureVisPros:Longbatterylife|Moderndesign|DurableCons:Can'ttrackyourwaterintakeBestDurable:CrazyCapUVWaterPurifier&BottlePros:Twoself-cleaningmodes|Comeswithalifetimewarranty(保修期)|WiderangeofcolorsCons:Can'ttrackyourwaterintake|OnlycomesinonesizeBestforTrackingHydration:GatoradeSmartGxBottlePros:LargecapacityCanbepersonalized|SetgoalsintheappCons:Notinsulated(绝缘)|MightnotbeasdurableBestLightweight:MonosKiyoUVCBottlePros:Durable|Longbatterylife|ModerndesignCons:ExpensiveBestRechargeable:PhilipsWaterGoZeroSelf-CleaningSmartWaterBottlePros:Self-cleaning|Dishwashersafe|Two-yearwarrantyCons:Can'ttrackyourwaterintake1．WhatdoLargBottlePureVisandCrazyCapUVWaterPurifier&Bottlehaveincommon?A．Theycantracktheamountofwateryou'vedrunk.B．Theyhavethesameself-cleaningmodes.C．Theycostmuchmorecomparatively.D．Theyareeasytotakewith.2．Whichofthefollowingisprobablythecheapesttoget?A．MonosKiyoUVCBottle.B．ICEWATER3-in-1SmartWaterBottle.C．HidrateSparkSTEELSmartWaterBottle.D．PhilipsWaterGoZeroSelf-CleaningSmartWaterBottle.3．WhatisspecialaboutHidrateSparkSTEELSmartWaterBottle?A．Itcanremindyouofbottlecleaning.B．It'ssuitableforforgetfulpeople.C．Itscolorsmaymatchitsdesigns.D．Itcomesonlyinonesize.阅读理解Afteroveradecadeoffaithfulservicemyolddesktopcomputerfinallydied.Itsimplywouldn'tstart.Withnocomputerrepairplacesopenmydaughtertalkedmeintopurchasinganewlaptoptoreplaceit.Whatfollowedwastwodaysofpurefrustration.ItwaslikegoingfromdrivinganoldModelTFordtoflyingtheSpaceShuttle.Aftermydaughtersetitup,Ilookedfortheolde-mailprogramIusedtouse,onlytofindthatitwasn'tonthismodel.WhenItriedtodownloadtheolderversionagainitwouldn'twork.Ialsohadaterribletimedownloadingmyoldwordprocessingprogramagain.ThenthereweresomedifficultiesoftransferringallofmyoldstoriesthatIhadsavedonajumpdrive.Thelaptopcomputer'sfancynewprogramswereaniconminefieldthatIhadtonavigate.EachtimeIaccidentallytouchedoneofthemitchangedeverythingonmyscreenandIhadtoworkhardtofigureouthowtochangethemback.IntheendIhadscrewedupthesettingssobadlythatIaskedmydaughtertodoaresetsowecouldstartover.FinallyaftertwodaysIthinkwehavesetupthenewcomputertodothefewsimplethingsIneedittodosoIcanignorethethousandotherfunctionsthatIhavenousefor.Ionlyhopeitwillworkaslongandfaithfullyasmyolddesktopdid.OnethingIdidlearnfromallofthisisthatwhenitcomestocomputersandlifeIwanttokeepthingssimple,simple,simple.Lifeissimple.Loveissimple.Itiswewhomakethingscomplicated.Takesometimetodaythentoturnoffyourelectronicsandturnonyourheart.Beaperson,notaprogram.Beyourself,notyour"Selfie".Fillyourdayswithpurpose,youryearswithhappiness,andyourlifewithlove.4．Whatwastheauthor'soldcomputer'sproblem?A．Itwasslowtofunction. B．Itcrashedcompletely.C．Itwasoutofdate. D．Itkeptrestarting.5．Whatmadetheauthorfrustratedinthefollowingtwodays?A．Shecouldn'tforgetheroldcomputer.B．Sheregrettednotrepairingheroldcomputer.C．Shedidn'tbuyamoreadvancedcomputer.D．Shehaddifficultyusingthenewcomputer.6．Howdidtheauthorprobablyconsiderthenewcomputer'sthousandotherfunctions?A．Useful. B．Unnecessary. C．Disappointing. D．Challenging.7．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthelastparagraph?A．Toexplainherrequirementsforcomputers.B．Tostresstheimportanceoftechnology.C．Toshowthedevelopmentofelectronics.D．Toexpressherattitudetolife.阅读理解Ifyou'veeverwadedintotheoceanforaswimandsuddenlyrealizedthattheshoreisgettingfartheraway,notcloser,youmayhaveencounteredaripcurrent(离岸流).Commonatbeachesworldwide,thesepowerfulcurrentsflowfromtheshoretowardtheseaatspeedsuptoseveralfeetpersecond.It'simportanttoknowwhatripcurrentsareandhowtolookforthem,becausetheyarealeadingcauseofdrowningsinthesurfzonenearshore.Ripcurrentscanforminseveralways.Onetypeofripcurrent,knownasachannelripcurrent,formswhentherearegapsbetweenbreakingwaves.Aswavesbreak,theypushwatertowardthebeachandraisethelevelofthewaterslightly.Ifwavesbreakonasandbar(沙洲),butnotinadeeperchannelthatcutsthroughthesandbar,theextrawaterthatthewaveshavepushedtowardthebeaconescapesbacktotheoceanthroughthechannel.Thedarkercorridoroftheescapingwateractslikeaconveyorbelt,movingwater,unsuspectingswimmersandsmallmarineorganismsoffshore.Anothertype,knownasatransientorflashripcurrent,formswhensurfischoppy(波涛汹涌的).Theedgesofbreakingwavespushonthewaterandmakeitspin,likeafasticeskatercrashingintosomeone.Thinkofaripcurrentasaswiftrivercuttingthroughthesurfawayfromtheshore.Swimmingagainstthecurrentisgoingtotireyououtandputyouatriskofdrowning.Instead,swimparalleltothebeach—thinkofheadingforthe"riverbanks"—untilyouareoutoftheripcurrent'spull.Onceyou'renolongerfightingit,youcanswimbacktoshore.Ripcurrentsaren'tjustasafetyissue.Scientistsarebeginningtobetterunderstandthecrucialecologicalroletheyplayintheocean.Manymarineorganisms,includingoysters,barnacles,fishandcoral,relyonoceancurrentstofindsuitablehabitats.Theseorganismsswimupordownorattachtofloatingorsinkingmaterialandaretransportedbymultipleoceanprocesses.Ripcurrentsareakeymechanismforcarryinglarvae(幼体)todeeperwatersorrecalculatingtheminshallowwaters.Thetypeandbehavioroftheripcurrentmayaffectthemovementofmarineorganisms.8．Whatcanwelearnaboutchannelripcurrentsaccordingtothetext?A．Theycauseabithugerwavesthancommoncurrents.B．Theyformarounddeeperchannelsintheocean'sbottom.C．Theypresentvisuallyasdarkerareasbetweenbreakingwaves.D．Theyaregeneratedwhentwowavesmeetclosetotheshore.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"transient"inparagraph3probablymean?A．Dangerous. B．Powerful. C．Slow-flowing. D．Short-lived.10．Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveonescapingfromaripcurrent?A．Swimmingwiththecurrent.B．Avoidingswimmingagainstthecurrent.C．Swimmingunderthecurrent.D．Avoidingfloatingwiththecurrent.11．Whyareripcurrentsimportanttotheoceanecology?A．Theyredistributesmallmarineorganisms.B．Theyprovidehabitatsformarineorganisms.C．Theychangethestructureofmarineecosystems.D．Theybringnutrientsfromtheocean'sbottomtothesurface.阅读理解UsingthehealthrecordsofmorethanamillionSwedishconscripts(应征入伍者),arecentstudyrevealedthatkeepingcardiorespiratory(心肺的)fitnessintheirlateteensandearlytwentiescancuttheriskofdevelopingninetypesofcancerby40%whenolder.TheresearchteamfromtheUniversityofGothenburg,Swedensaid,"Theseresultscouldbeusedtofurtherstrengthenthepromotionofinterventionsaimedatincreasingfitnessinyouth."Almostathirdofpeopleagedfrom16to24inEnglandaren'tphysicallyactive,withoutmeetingguidelinesofatleast150minutesofmoderatephysicalactivityaweekincludingwalking,ridingabikeanddancing.Cardiorespiratoryfitness(CRF)measureshowwelltheheart,lungsandlinkedsystemsworktogetoxygentomusclesduringconstantactivities.Theconscripts,agedbetween16and25,hadtestsofCRFonexercisebikesbetween1968and2005.TheresearchersusedSwedishhealthdatatoseewhowentontohavecancerduringanaveragefollow-upof33years.Thestudyfoundthatincreasingfitnesswasbeneficial,regardlessofbodyweight.However,theyalsofoundthathigherfitnesswaslinkedtoahigherriskofskincancer.Theresearchersexplainedthatthistrendmightbedrivenbyexposuretosunlight.Findingsfromthoseobservationalstudiesprovidemuchevidenceforalinkbetweenhigherlevelsofphysicalactivityandalowerriskofcancer.However,thesestudiescannotfullyruleoutthepossibilitythatactivepeoplehavelowercancerriskbecausetheyengageinotherlifestylebehaviors.Theresearcherscautionedthattheyhadnoaccesstofulldataonfactorssuchasdiet,alcoholintakeandsmokingandsocouldn'tfullyaccountforthose.DrClaireKnight,ofCancerResearchUK,said,"TheNHSrecommends150minutesofactivityaweek,butit'sfinetobuildupactivityovertimeandtherearelotsofwaystobemoreactive.Youdon'tneedtorunamarathonorjoinagym.Anythingthatgetsyouwarmerandslightlyoutofbreathandyourheartbeatingfastercounts."12．What'sthesignificanceoftheresearchfindings?A．Theyprovetheimportanceofagooddiet.B．Theyshowhowourhealthdeclineswithage.C．Theystresstheimportanceofgeneralhealth.D．Theygivereasonstoimprovethehealthoftheyoung.13．WhatdoweknowaboutCRF?A．Itmeasuresthebloodoxygenlevel.B．Itshowstheabilityofbodysystems.C．Itindicatesthelevelofexercise.D．Itcontrolsthespreadofcancerinthebody.14．What'sthelimitationofthestudy?A．Itdidn'tanalyzethecollecteddatathoroughly.B．Itconnectedsunlightexposurewithcancer.C．Itfailedtosuggesttheidealtimeforexercise.D．Itdidn'tconsiderotherhealth-relatedfactors.15．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．LifestylechangesinyouthhelpreducecancerrisksB．LessexposuretosunshinecanridusofcancerC．ThecardiorespiratorysystemplaysabigroleD．Sportshaveagreateffectonourhealth二、七选五七选五Tocreatepaperandotherwoodproducts,millionsofnewtreesmustbeplantedeachyear.16．Don'tuseproductsthatcomewithexcessive(过度的)packaging.17．Acandymaycomeinanindividualwrapper(包装纸),withinabagthat'salsoplacedinsideabox.Buyitemsthathaven'tbeenwrappedseveraltimes.18．Nexttimeyouoryourfamilygoshopping,makesureyoutakereusablebagsandbuythingswithoutpackaging.19．Anotherlargecauseofpaperwasteistakeoutfoodcontainers.Theyareoftenmadeofpaperproductsorpackedinpaperbags.Nexttimeyouandyourfamilydecidetoeatoutforameal,requestthatyousitdownintherestaurantinsteadoftakingthefoodinto-gocontainers.Mostfastfoodrestaurantsusepaperproductstoindividuallywrapallfood.Therefore,askyourfamilyifyoucancatataconventionalsit-downrestaurantforyournextnightout.Encourageotherstosavepaper.Tohaveanevenbiggerimpact,youcanencourageotherstosavepaperaswell.Oneofthebestwaystoreachthemostpeopleistoputupsignsthatinformpeoplehowtheycanhelp.20．Theywillhelpraiseawarenessoftheimportanceofprotectingtrees.Makesureyouprintordrawyoursignsonreusedpaper(likethebackofoldhomework).Trashcontainersandrecyclingbinsareagreatplaceforsigns.A.Choosetousepaperplatesanddishes.B.Herearesomewaystosavepaper.C.Itisagoodwaytoreducepaperwastefrompackaging.D.Manygrocerystoresprovidepaperbagstopackgroceries.E.Dineininsteadofusingtakeoutcontainersatrestaurants.F.Manyoftoday'sconsumeritemsarewrappedseveraltimes.G.TherearelotsofsignsthatyoucanprintofffromtheInternet.三、完形填空（15空）完形填空Inthemid-20thcentury,boyscouldstudytechnicalsubjectswhilegirlswereexpectednot.However,BellBurnell'sparentschallengedthese21．,whichenabledhertostudyscience.BellBurnellknewbeforeleavingschoolthatshewantedtobearadioastronomer.That22．ledhertogototheUniversityofGlasgow,whereshewastheonly23．inherclass.Aftergraduation,BellBurnellwenttoCambridgeUniversity,wheresheyetagainhadtoprovethatshe24．.Herfirstproject,workingwithherthesissupervisor(论文导师)Hewish,was25．certainobjectscalledquasars(类星体).Itwas26．tohaveafemalestudentonthisproject.BellBurnellherselfhassaidthattheonlyotherfemales27．weresecretaries.Atthisstage,itwasshewho28．thetelescopeandanalyzedthedata.Oneday,checkingonthedata,BellBurnellsawasignalthatshecouldn't29．.Tounderstandwhatitwassheendedupbringingthis30．toHewish,whosaiditwasinterference.HethoughtthatBellBurnellhadwireduptheradiotelescope31．andthatiswhythenewsignalhadappeared.However,shesawthesignalagainafterwards.32．,shetriedtoreachHewish.Oncehe33．thepulsewithhisowneyes,heknewitwasn'tinterference,andanewresearchprojectbegan.But,withjustonepulseitwashardtohavea(n)34．discovery.Acoupleofdayslater,BellBurnellwasinherstudy,andshesawsomething35．tothefirstpulse,andthus2pulsarswerediscovered.21．A．theories B．subjects C．lessons. D．policies22．A．wish B．condition C．plan D．design23．A．failure B．student C．female D．scientist24．A．studied B．belonged C．worked D．graduated25．A．turningoff B．pickingoutC．shootingdown D．clearingaway26．A．unnecessary B．impossible C．illegal D．unusual27．A．present B．alive C．abroad D．responsible28．A．broke B．cleaned C．ran D．saw29．A．explain B．store C．copy D．recycle30．A．signal B．question C．task D．news31．A．wisely B．secretly C．wrongly D．frequently32．A．Surprised B．DisappointedC．Ashamed D．Touched33．A．checkedout B．cameacrossC．castlighton D．caughtsightof34．A．puzzling B．amusing C．convincing D．lasting35．A．familiar B．similar C．open D．important四、短文填空语法填空（短文）Forcenturiesbees,amongthe36．(hard)workingcreaturesontheplanet,havebenefitedpeople,plantsandtheenvironment.Underthetheme"Beeengagedinpollinator-friendlyagriculturalproduction",WorldBeeDay2023callsforglobal37．(act)tosupportpollinator-friendlyagriculturalproductionandhighlightstheimportanceofpreservingbeesandotherpollinators(传粉者),38．(particular)throughevidence-basedagriculturalproductionpractices.TheglobalWorldBeeDayceremony,39．washeldinhybridformatattheFAOheadquartersonFriday,19May,is40．opportunitytoraiseawarenessoftheimportanceofadoptingpollinator-friendlyagriculturalproductionpractices41．(protect)beesandotherpollinators,whilecontributingtotheresilience,sustainabilityandefficiencyofagrifoodsystems.By42．(observe)WorldBeeDayeachyear,wecanraiseawarenessontheessentialrolebeesandotherpollinatorsplayinkeepingpeopleandtheplanet43．(health)andonthemanychallengestheyfacetoday.We44．(celebrate)thisdayeversince2018,thankstotheeffortsoftheGovernmentofSloveniawiththesupportofApimondia,whichledtheUNGeneralAssemblytodeclare20May45．WorldBeeDay.五、书面表达46．假定你是校英语广播站的广播员，你校要成立计算机社团，现在要招募成员。请你写一篇广播稿，内容包括：1.广播目的；2.加入条件、报名要求；3.加入的好处。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Boysandgirls,That'sall.Thankyou.六、读后续写47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Afewdaysbeforemyfiftiethbirthday,Iexperiencedabadbraininjury.Atthetime,Iwasalong-distancerunner,andsportshadalwayshelpedmedealwithmy-life-longdepression.Butdepressionafterabraininjurybecameseverer,andIneededsomethingnewinmylife.Soattheageoffifty,depressedandbrain-injured,Ididwhatmanywomenwoulddo:learningthecircus(马戏表演).Iwasathleticasanadultbutnotasakid,andIhadnevertakendancelessonsorgymnastics.Iwasstrong,butneitherveryflexiblenorgracefulintheleast.Sincethebeginningofmysevererdepression,Ihadkepttomyself.Itooktimeawayfromwork,mysocialcirclebecamemuchsmaller,andIfeltveryalone.Iwasoftenafraidtoleavethehouse.Evenbookingmyfirstcircusclasswasaleapinthedark(冒险之举)forme.WhenIwalkedintomyfirstcircusclass,Iwasn'tsurprisedtofindIwastheoldeststudent;infact,evenmyteacherswereyoungenoughtobemydaughters!ButIwasdeterminedtostretchbeyondmycomfortzone,andthe"kids"welcomedme.Oneofmyclassmatessaidtome,"Wow,mymomwouldneverdothis!"Afteragroupstretchandwarm-up,mycoachKatelyntoldusthatweeksafterfinishingthecourse,therewouldbeastudentperformance.Allstudentswouldbeinvitedtogiveaperformance,showingwhattheyhadlearnedinclass.Andalltheperformers'familymembersandfriendswouldbeinvitedtowatch.Ifeltworried.Aftertalkingaboutthatperformance,thecoachaskedwhichequipmentI'dliketolearn.Thereweresilks,trapezesandtheaerialhoop(空中吊环).Ieyedtheaerialhoop,Oh,howIwantedtositupinthehoopandlearntoflylikeabird!ButIdidn'thavethearmstrengthtoliftmyselfupontothehoop.Iwasdiscouraged.Myexcitementwasreplacedwithself-doubtanddisappointment.注意：2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。WhenIexpressedmyupsettomycoach,shesmiledandsaid,"Justkeeptrying!"Whenmynamewascalled,Istoodup,confidentlywalkingtothestage.

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．B3．B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章推荐了2023年的几款最佳智能水瓶，帮你实现更好的补水效果。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Ifyou'relookingformoreadvancedsmartfeatures,likeself-cleaningmodes,hydrationtrackingthroughanapp,orlocation-tracking,thenyoumaywanttoconsideramoreexpensivesmartwaterbottle.(如果你正在寻找更高级的智能功能，如自清洁模式、通过应用程序的补水追踪或位置追踪，那么你可能会考虑更昂贵的智能水瓶)"可知，文章介绍的产品价格相对更高，这是它们的共同点，故选C。2．细节理解题。根据"BestBudget:ICEWATER3-in-1SmartWaterBottle"中的"BestBudget(最佳预算)"可知，ICEWATER3-in-1SmartWaterBottle的价格可能是最低的。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据"BestOverall:HidrateSparkSTEELSmartWaterBottle"中的"Frequenthydrationreminders(频繁补水提醒)"可知，这款水瓶的特殊之处在于它有频繁补水提醒，适合健忘的人使用。故选B。【答案】4．B5．D6．B7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，通过叙述作者更换电脑的经历，探讨了现代科技与生活的复杂性问题，强调了简单生活的价值。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Afteroveradecadeoffaithfulservicemyolddesktopcomputerfinallydied.Itsimplywouldn'tstart.(经过十多年的忠实服务，我的旧台式电脑终于坏了。它根本启动不了)"可知，作者的旧电脑启动不了了，即它停止运转了。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"ItwaslikegoingfromdrivinganoldModelTFordtoflyingtheSpaceShuttle.(这就像从开一辆老福特T型车变成驾驶航天飞机一样)"以及第二段中的"onlytofindthatitwasn'tonthismodel(却发现它不在这款机型上)"、"itwouldn'twork(它无法工作)"、"hadaterribletimedownloading(下载时也遇到了麻烦)"、"Thenthereweresomedifficultiesoftransferring(然后转移时遇到了一些困难)"和"Ihadscrewedupthesettingssobadly(我把设置搞砸了)"可知，从旧电脑换用到新电脑的作者就像从开一辆老爷车变成开宇宙飞船，她在操作中遇到很多麻烦，最终把设置弄得一团糟。由此可知，在购买新电脑后的头两天里让作者感到沮丧的是她使用新电脑有困难。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"FinallyaftertwodaysIthinkwehavesetupthenewcomputertodothefewsimplethingsIneedittodosoIcanignorethethousandotherfunctionsthatIhavenousefor.(最后，两天后，我想我们已经把新电脑设置好了，我需要它做一些简单的事情，这样我就可以忽略其他几千个我没用的功能了)"可知，作者只需要使用电脑做几件简单的事情，她忽略掉了其它她不需要的功能，所以她认为这些功能是多余的、不必要的。故选B。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Beaperson,notaprogram.(做一个人，而不是一个程序)"和"Fillyourdayswithpurpose,youryearswithhappiness,andyourlifewithlove.(让你的每一天都充满目标，让你的每一年都充满快乐，让你的生活充满爱)"可知，作者写最后一段的目的是表达她对人生的态度，她从自己更换电脑的经历中感悟到简单生活的价值，她认为人们应该保持生活的简单与美好。故选D。【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。离岸流是指从海岸经波浪区向海中流动的一股狭窄而强劲的水流。离岸流具有很大的危险性，但同时对于海洋生态具有重要作用。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和词义猜测题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测词义。8．细节理解题。根据第二段的"Onetypeofripcurrent,knownasachannelripcurrent,formswhentherearegapsbetweenbreakingwaves.(一种类型的离岸流，被称为通道离岸流，当破碎波之间存在间隙时形成)"及"Thedarkercorridoroftheescapingwateractslikeaconveyorbelt,movingwater,unsuspectingswimmersandsmallmarineorganismsoffshore.(流出水的较暗色地带就像一条传送带，移动着水，不知情的游泳者和离岸的小型海洋生物)"可推知，channelripcurrents在视觉上呈现为海浪裂口间较暗的区域。故选C。9．词义猜测题。根据话线词后面的"or"可知，transient与"flash"是近义词，结合后文"formswhensurfischoppy(波浪起伏时形成)"可知，划线词意为"短暂的，瞬间的"。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据第四段的第二句"Swimmingagainstthecurrentisgoingtotireyououtandputyouatriskofdrowning.(逆流游泳会使你疲惫不堪，并使你有溺水的危险)"可推知，作者建议避免逆流而游，因为逆流而游会导致疲惫甚至溺水。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段的"Ripcurrentsareakeymechanismforcarryinglarvae(幼体)todeeperwatersorrecirculationtheminshallowwaters.Thetypeandbehavioroftheripcurrentmayaffectthemovementofmarineorganisms.(离岸流是将幼虫带到较深水域或在浅水中再循环的关键机制。离岸流的类型和行为可能影响海洋生物的运动)"可推知，离岸流可重新分配海洋微生物，故而对海洋生态具有重要作用。故选A。【答案】12．D13．B14．D15．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。一个瑞典的研究团队通过长期跟踪应征入伍人员的健康数据发现，年轻时的心肺健康有助于降低老年时患癌的几率，因此提出预防癌症应该从青少年开始干预，改变生活方式，开展适当的体育锻炼。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和主旨大意题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"TheresearchteamfromtheUniversityofGothenburg,Swedensaid,‘Theseresultscouldbeusedtofurtherstrengthenthepromotionofinterventionsaimedatincreasingfitnessinyouth.'(来自瑞典哥德堡大学的研究小组表示：‘这些结果可以用来进一步加强促进旨在提高青少年健康的干预措施。')"可知，这个瑞典的研究团队认为这个研究结果旨在促进青少年身体健康的干预。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Cardiorespiratoryfitness(CRF)measureshowwelltheheart,lungsandlinkedsystemsworktogetoxygentomusclesduringconstantactivities.(心肺健康（CRF）衡量的是心脏、肺和相关系统在持续活动中向肌肉输送氧气的情况)"可知，CRF衡量的是心脏、肺和相关系统在持续活动中向肌肉输送氧气的情况，也就是说它衡量的是身体系统的机能，故选B。14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"Theresearcherscautionedthattheyhadnoaccesstofulldataonfactorssuchasdiet,alcoholintakeandsmokingandsocouldn'tfullyaccountforthose.(研究人员警告说，他们无法获得饮食、饮酒和吸烟等因素的完整数据，因此无法完全解释这些因素)"可知，这个研究是有局限性的，它缺少饮食、饮酒以及吸烟等与健康有关的数据。故选D。15．主旨大意题。阅读全文尤其是第一段中"UsingthehealthrecordsofmorethanamillionSwedishconscripts(应征入伍者),arecentstudyrevealedthatkeepingcardiorespiratory(心肺的)fitnessintheirlateteensandearlytwentiescancuttheriskofdevelopingninetypesofcancerby40%whenolder.(最近的一项研究利用了100多万瑞典应征入伍者的健康记录，发现在他们十几岁和二十岁出头的时候保持心肺健康，可以使他们长大后患九种癌症的风险降低40%)"和最后一段中"Anythingthatgetsyouwarmerandslightlyoutofbreathandyourheartbeatingfastercounts.(任何能让你感到温暖、稍微喘不过气来、心跳加快的运动都很重要)"可知，瑞典团队的研究表明年轻时的心肺健康能减少老年的患癌几率，因此提出青少年应该加强运动，改变生活方式，这样有助于降低患癌几率。A项"年轻人改变生活方式有助于降低癌症风险"为最佳标题，故选A。【答案】16．B；17．F；18．C；19．E；20．G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，给出了帮助节约用纸的三点建议。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．此处为本文的中心句，综合分析下面的小标题可知，本文给出了帮助节约用纸的一些方法，B.Herearesomewaystosavepaper."这里有一些节约纸张的方法"符合语境，故选B。17．根据空后"Acandymaycomeinanindividualwrapper(包装纸),withinabagthat'salsoplacedinsideabox."糖果可能是单独包装的，也可能是放在盒子里的袋子里。可知，现在很多消费品都要进行多次包装，F.Manyoftoday'sconsumeritemsarewrappedseveraltimes."今天的许多消费品都是多次包装的"符合语境，故选F。18．根据空前"Buyitemsthathaven'tbeenwrappedseveraltimes."购买没有多次包装的物品。可知，此处是说不买过度包装的商品；以及空后"Nexttimeyouoryourfamilygoshopping,makesureyoutakereusablebagsandbuythingswithoutpackaging."下次你或你的家人去购物时，确保你带着可重复使用的袋子，买没有包装的东西。给出了替代方案：带上可重复使用的袋子或购买灭有包装的商品，C.Itisagoodwaytoreducepaperwastefrompackaging."这是减少包装纸张浪费的好方法"承上启下，符合语境，故选C。19．根据空后"Anotherlargecauseofpaperwasteistakeoutfoodcontainers."造成纸张浪费的另一大原因是外卖食品容器；以及"Nexttimeyouandyourfamilydecidetoeatoutforameal,requestthatyousitdownintherestaurantinsteadoftakingthefoodinto-gocontainers."下次你和你的家人决定出去吃饭时，要求你在餐馆里坐下，而不是把食物放在外带的容器里。可知，这一段主要针对的是外带食品包装造成的用纸浪费，F.Manyoftoday'sconsumeritemsarewrappedseveraltimes."在餐馆用餐，而不是使用外卖容器"符合语境，故选E。20．根据空前"Oneofthebestwaystoreachthemostpeopleistoputupsignsthatinformpeoplehowtheycanhelp."接触到大多数人的最好方法之一就是张贴标语，告诉人们他们可以如何提供帮助。提到标语有助于帮助人们节约纸张，G.TherearelotsofsignsthatyoucanprintofffromtheInternet."你可以从网上打印出很多标语"介绍获取标语的方法，G项中的"signs"与上文"signs"属于原词复现，故选G。【答案】21．D；22．A；23．C；24．B；25．B；26．D；27．A；28．C；29．A；30．B；31．C；32．A；33．D；34．C；35．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了BellBurnell在剑桥大学时发现脉冲星的故事。

【点评】考查完形填空。首先要通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行对比分析，选出正确选项。完形填空是英语考试中常见的一种题型，旨在测试学生的语言综合运用能力。一些实用的解题策略如下。一、通读全文，把握大意。在开始答题之前，应先通读全文，了解文章的主题和大致内容。这样有助于理解作者的意图，把握文章的整体思路，为后续的填空选择提供正确的方向。二、仔细分析，逐一排查。对于每一个空，要仔细分析所给的选项，逐一排查，选出最符合文意的答案。通常情况下，完形填空中会有几个空白需要填写形容词、副、名词等，要注意所填的词要与句子前后内容相符。三、结合上下文，理解语义。有时候仅从一个空所在的句子很难确定正确的答案，这时需要结合上下文，理解整体的语义环境。通过对前后的语境分析，确定一个合理的答案。四、注意语法结构。完形填空中涉及的语法知识较多，如时态、语态、词性等。在选择答案时，要仔细考虑语法结构是否正确。五、积累词汇，提高语言基础。要想在完形填空中取得好成绩，平时的词汇积累非常重要。建议学生多阅读英文文章，扩大词汇量，提高语言基础。21．句意：然而，BellBurnell的父母反对这些政策，这使她能够学习科学。A.theories理论；B.subjects科目；C.lessons功课；D.policies政策。根据"Inthemid-20thcentury,boyscouldstudytechnicalsubjectswhilegirlswereexpectednot.(在20世纪中期，男孩可以学习技术科目，而女孩则不能)"可知，BellBurnell的父母对这些男孩可以学习技术科目，而女孩则不能的政策提出了质疑。故选D。22．句意：这个愿望促使她去了格拉斯哥大学，在那里她是班上唯一的女生。A.wish愿望；B.condition条件；C.plan计划；D.design设计。根据"BellBurnellknewbeforeleavingschoolthatshewantedtobearadioastronomer.(BellBurnell在离开学校之前就知道她想成为一名射电天文学家)"可知，BellBurnell想成为一名射电天文学家，这个愿望促使她去了格拉斯哥大学。故选A。23．句意：这个愿望促使她去了格拉斯哥大学，在那里她是班上唯一的女生。A.failure失败；B.student学生；C.female女性；D.scientist科学家。根据上文"Inthemid-20thcentury,boyscouldstudytechnicalsubjectswhilegirlswereexpectednot."可推知，因为在20世纪中期，男孩可以学习技术科目，而女孩则不能，所以，在格拉斯哥大学她是班上唯一的女性。故选C。24．句意：毕业后，BellBurnell去了剑桥大学，在那里她必须再次证明自己的归属。A.studied学习；B.belonged属于；C.worked工作；D.graduated毕业。根据文章第一句和"Itwas____6____tohaveafemalestudentonthisproject.