2019届高考英语大一轮复习-第1部分-基础知识考点-Unit-2-Heroes讲义-北师大版必修

Ⅰ.高考单词→识记·思考·运用1.核心词汇①________adj.镇静的，沉着的②________vt.涉及，参与③________n.记者，通讯员④________vi.挥手示意，致意⑤________vt.建立，创立⑥________n.意见，看法，主张⑦________n.斗争，拼搏⑧________n.质量；品质⑨generousadj.慷慨的，大方的________adv.慷慨地，宽大地________n.慷慨，大方⑩violentadj.暴力的________adv.猛烈地________n.暴力⑪charactern.人物；性格________adj.典型的；特有的⑫explorevt.探测；勘探________n.探测；探究；探索⑬personaladj.个人的，私人的________adv.就自己而言⑭equaladj.平等的________adv.平等地________n.相等；平等⑮skilln.技巧________adv.熟练地________adj.灵巧的，熟练的⑯competevi.比赛，竞争________n.比赛________n.竞争者，对手________adj.竞争的；比赛的⑰amazevt.使惊异________adj.令人惊异的________adj.惊奇的，吃惊的⑱fortunen.运气；财富；命运________adj.幸运的________adv.幸运地⑲promotevt.促进，提升________n.提升；晋升；推销⑳injurevt.伤害；损害________n.伤害，损害________adj.受伤的reactvi.反应________n.反应disablevt.使残疾，使不能________adj.残疾的________n.残疾confidentadj.自信的_______adv.自信地_______n.自信；信任

admirevt.钦佩，羡慕________n.钦佩，羡慕absoluteadj.绝对的________adv.当然；绝对地答案①calm

②involve③reporter

④wave

⑤found⑥opinion

⑦struggle

⑧quality⑨generously；generosity

⑩violently；violence

⑪characteristic

⑫exploration

⑬personally

⑭equally；equality

⑮skilfully；skilful⑯competition；competitor；competitive

⑰amazing；amazed

⑱fortunate；fortunately

⑲promotion⑳injury；injured

reactiondisabled；disability

confidently；confidence

admirationabsolutely2.常考词汇①violencen.________②astronautn.________③divorcevi.________④launchn.________⑤brilliantadj.________⑥atmospheren.________⑦helicoptern.________⑧revolutionn.________⑨commitvt.________⑩protestn.________答案①暴力；暴行②宇航员③离婚④发射⑤卓越的⑥大气；气氛

⑦直升机⑧革命

⑨犯(错误)，做(坏事)

⑩抗议

用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Doingthesamesportsontheplaygroundgivesustheopportunity________(promote)ourfriendship.(2016·天津，书面表达)2.OurStandardCourseguaranteesasignificantincreaseinyour________(confident)inaforeignlanguage.(2016·天津，阅读A)3.Learningtodealwiththesocialworldis________(equal)important.(2016·北京，阅读D)4.Whatwashisfirst________(react)whenhesawaponyrollonitsback？(2015·湖北，阅读A)5.Otherformsofparental________(involve)，includingvolunteeringatschoolandobservingachild’sclass，alsofailtohelp.(2015·陕西，阅读D)6.________(fortunate)，Ididn’tgetanychannelsshowingall-nightmoviesorIwouldneverhavegottentobed.(2015·全国Ⅱ，阅读A)7.________(personally)contactisbeneficialtothepromotionofunderstanding.8.Therewasalargecrowdinthesquare，________(protest)againstthewar.9.LiNaspeaksEnglishsowellthatherfriendsarefilledwith________(admire).10.Aftertenyearsof________(struggle)，thesingerfinallymadehismark.11.ThepicturesinwhichsomeJapanesesoldierswere________shootingtheChinesecivilianscalledupthe________oftheinvaders.(violent)12.What________memostwasthattheboyhadan________appetiteforAmericancountrymusic.(amaze)13.Astheyoungest________，Imustbe________tobethewinnerinthewritingcontest.(compete)14.StephenCurrywas________againinthegameandthe________seemedveryserious.(injure)15.Heisakindmanandhe________contributedalotofmoneytothevillageschoollastweek.His________isworthadmiring.(generous)16.Theillness________(disable)herandleftherunabletostudyandwork,shesufferedalotfromherdisability.答案1.topromote

2.confidence

3.equally

4.reaction

5.involvement6.Fortunately

7.Personal

8.protesting

9.admiration

10.struggling

11.violently；violence

12.amazed；amazing

13.competitor；competitive14.injured；injury

15.generously；generosity

16.disabled【联想·积累】❶以-ous结尾的高频形容词①glorious光荣的②dangerous危险的③mountainous多山的④humorous幽默的⑤continuous连续的⑥generous慷慨的，大方的❷表“人物特点”的形容词一览①generous慷慨的②intelligent聪明的③devoted有献身精神的④energetic有活力的⑤ambitious有雄心壮志的⑥creative富有创造力的⑦enthusiastic充满热情的❸盘点与“环境”相关的高频单词①speciesn.物种②pollutionn.污染③atmospheren.大气层④conservationn.(自然资源的)保护⑤resourcen.资源❹“职场”风云①appointv.任命；委派②dismiss/firev.开除；解雇③interviewv.面试；采访④resignv.辞职⑤applyv.申请⑥promotev.升职，晋升❺聚焦-tion后缀名词①determination决定；决心②application申请③association联系；社团④celebration庆祝；庆祝会⑤civilization文明⑥consideration考虑；关心⑦expectation预料；期望⑧adaptation适应⑨admiration钦佩；赞赏❻盘点-ful后缀形容词①hopeful充满希望的②grateful感激的③colorful多彩的④powerful强大的⑤successful成功的⑥merciful仁慈的⑦skillful灵巧的开心词场→核心单词串记Asacalmandconfidentathlete，Jackhasastrongcharacterandagoodquality.What’smore，heisalwaysgettingonwellwithhisteammatesandinstructors.Hehasgotinvolvedwithmanyimportanteventsandmadebrilliant

achievements.Inhisopinion，theopportunityinfrontofeveryoneisequal.Having

struggledformanyyearsonhisown，hebecameveryrich.He

generouslydonatedalotofmoneytothedisabled.I

admiredhimforhisgenerosity.Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思考·运用1.动词＋介词/副词①give________放弃②pull________渡过难关；康复③lift________发射，起飞，升空④let________解脱；放出去，发出；泄露⑤get________融洽相处；进展⑥compete________与……竞争答案①up

②through

③off④out

⑤on

⑥against2.动词＋介词＋名词/代词①come________it别胡扯②come________anend结束答案①off

②to3.介词短语①________myopinion在我看来②________one’sown单独地，独立地；靠自己③________thecourseof在……的过程中答案①in

②on

③in4.其他形式①millions________数百万②come________dosomething开始(认识、理解)③________suicide自杀④far________太……，极为……⑤getinvolved________给……缠住答案①of

②to

③commit④too

⑤with用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1.____________，on-linevotingisaninseparablepartofmodernlifeandshouldbewelcomed.(2016·江苏，书面表达)2.Thedoctormanagedtopersuademyuncleto____________smokingsohishealthisalotbetternow.3.I’mnotgoingtobuyit;foronethingIdon’tlikethecolour，andforanotherit’s____________expensive.4.Aliceisgoingto____________heroldfriendinthesecondround.5.Themeeting____________atlastbuttheyreachednoagreementsatall.6.You’dbetternot____________herbecausesheisalwaystellinglies.7.Thedoctorsdideverythingtheycouldto____________thepatient.8.Heisn’tgoodattalkingbuthe____________wellwithotherpeople.答案1.Inmyopinion

2.giveup

3.fartoo

4.competeagainst5.cametoanend

6.getinvolvedwith7.pullthrough

8.getson【联想·积累】❶“依我看”表达种种①inmyview/opinion②asfarasIknow③accordingtome④asfarasI’mconcerned⑤personallyspeaking⑥frommypointofview❷get的高频短语①getacross讲清楚；(使)被领会②getaround四处走动(旅行)；(消息等)传播③getdownto开始认真(做某事)(to为介词)④getthrough通过；完成；接通(电话)⑤getawaywith侥幸逃脱⑥getinvolvedwith参加，参与Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思考·运用原句背诵感悟1.Weweredrivingalongacountrylanewhensuddenlyacardrovepastus.2.Jenniferwasinthekitchen，withherhandsinabowlofflour，whenshesawasmallboyclimbintoatruck.詹妮弗在厨房里，双手在面粉碗里，这时她看到一个小男孩爬进了一辆卡车。我们正在一个乡村车道上行驶，正在那时突然有一辆轿车超过我们。3.Brandi，thesisters’mother，taughtherdaughtersathomesothattheycompletedtheirhighschoolwhiledevelopingtheirtenniscareers.4.GivemeachallengeandI’llmeetitwithjoy.布兰迪，这对姐妹的母亲，在家里教她的女儿们，使得她们在培养网球能力的同时也完成了高中学业。给我一个挑战，我会欣然接受。句型公式仿写1.bedoing...when...“正在做……这时/那时……”2.with复合结构作状语3.状语从句的省略I________________TV________someoneknockedatthedoor.我正在看电视，这时有人敲门。Twentyminuteslater，heleft________________.20分钟之后，

他眼里含着泪离开了。________________herfirsttraveltoRio，FuYuanhuibecameveryexcited.当谈到她的首次里约之旅时，傅园慧显得很激动。4.祈使句＋and＋陈述句________________andIwillletyougo.如果把你所有的钱给我，我就让你去。答案1.waswatching；when

2.withtearsinhiseyes

3.Whenreferringto/talkingabout

4.Givemeallyourmoney【联想·积累】❶状语从句常用省略原则当时间或条件状语等从句中的主语同主句主语一致或主语是it，且从句含有动词be时，可以省略状语从句中的主语与动词be。❷教你一招①“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”或“名词词组＋and＋陈述句”

在这里祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句(但此时去掉and)。②“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”or表示“否则”、“要不然的话”，or可用orelse或otherwise替换，

从反面来预测结果。[单

词

点

睛]1.calmadj.镇静的，沉着的v.使平静下来；(使)镇静下来

高考必备词汇——精讲精练

[高考佳句]Inmyopinion，suchwonderfulthingswillcalmyoudowneasilyandgiveyouthecouragetomoveon.(2014·安徽，书面表达)在我看来，这么好的事情会让你很容易平静下来并且会给你继续前进的勇气。(1)be/keep/stay/remaincalm冷静；保持镇静(2)calmoneself使自己镇静下来calmdown平息，使平静；平静下来，镇静下来单句语法填空①Asisknowntousall，itisimportant________(keep)calminanemergency.【辨析比较】

calm/silent/quiet/stillcalm“镇静的，平静的”，主要指人“沉着镇定”，也指自然界“无风无浪”silent主要指人“沉默的，不出声的”，但不一定无活动quiet“安静的，宁静的”，指人时表示生性安静，不易激动；用于自然环境时，指没有干扰活动、没有喧闹声的寂静状态still“安静的，不动的”，不指心理状态，指环境和人“静的，静止的”状态选用以上词语完成片段②Whenfacingdanger，oneshouldkeep________；whentakenphotos，oneshouldkeep________；whensomeoneelseisasleep，oneshouldkeep________；inclass，oneshouldn’tkeep________abouttheteacher’squestions.答案①tokeep

②calm；still；quiet；silent2.equaladj.相等的；平等的；胜任的

vt.等于；抵得上[高考佳句]Infact，whenitcomestotheartofwar，antshavenoequal.(2015·安徽，阅读D)实际上，当谈到战争的艺术时，蚂蚁无与伦比。(1)beequaltosth/doingsth等于/胜任做某事AequalsBin...A在……方面比得上B/与B相匹敌withoutequal＝havenoequal无与伦比(2)equalityn.平等equallyadv.相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用①YaoMingisabasketballplayer________equalinChina.②Menandwomenmustbetreatedequalineducationandemployment.(2014·陕西，单词拼写)③Weneedtobeactiveinallkindsofsports，andpayattentiontomentalhealthwhich____________physicalhealth.(2014·江西，书面表达)我们要积极参加各种各样的体育活动，注意身心健康同等重要。答案①without

②equal→equally

③isequalto【巧学助记】3.strugglevi.搏斗，奋斗；努力

n.斗争，拼搏；难事[高考佳句]Becauseacollegecommunity(群体)differsfromthefamily，manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging.(2016·北京，阅读D)因为大学不同于家庭，很多学生努力找到一种归属感。(1)strugglefor...为……而斗争struggleagainst/with...与……作斗争struggletodosth挣扎着/努力/拼命地做某事struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来(2)Itisastruggleforsbtodosth对某人来说做某事很难/费力单句语法填空/单句改错①Theyhadtostruggle________theirlives________weatherandwildanimals.②WhydoAmericansstrugglewith________(watch)theirweight，whiletheFrench，whoconsumerichfood，continuetostaythin?(2014·陕西，阅读C)③Shestruggledtoherfootandcontinuedwalking.答案①for；against

②watching

③foot→feet4.competevi.比赛；竞争；对抗[教材原句]Hehasalwaysbeenverystrictwithhisdaughters，trainingthemhardtocompeteagainsteachother.他一直都严格要求他的女儿们，努力地训练她们去互相竞争。(1)competefor...为……而竞争competewith/against...与……竞争competein...在……方面竞争(2)competitionn.竞争，竞赛competitorn.参赛者；对手competitiveadj.竞争性的单句语法填空/写作运用①Astheyoungestcompetitor，Ihadtocompete________thewritingcontest________20othertopstudents________theannualwritingaward.Imustbeverycompetitivetobethewinner.作为最年轻的比赛者,我必须和另外20个顶尖的学生在写作比赛中竞争来争夺年度写作奖。要成为获胜者我必须有很强的竞争力。②Wecan________________indebatecontestsorspeechcontests.(2014·天津，书面表达)我们可以和来自其他大学的学生在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中竞争。答案①in；against/with；for②competewithstudentsfromotheruniversities5.promotevt.促进，提升[教材原句]Healsoraisedalotofmoneytopromotemedicalresearchintobackinjuries.他募捐了大量的钱财来促进背部伤痛的医学研究。(1)promotesthassth把……提升为……promote...(from...)to...把……(从……)提升到……(2)promotern.发起者，赞助者promotionn.提升；提拔；晋升；促进，推销单句语法填空①ManyplacesofLondonhavebeenpromoted________touristspotsbecauseoftheLondonOlympics.②Sheworkedhardandwassoonpromoted________asaleswoman________amanager.答案①as

②from；to6.involvevt.涉及；参与[教材原句]ThisishowIgotinvolvedwithmycharityworktoimprovethequalityoflifeforalldisabledpeople.这就是我如何参与慈善活动，改善残疾人生活质量的情况。(1)be/getinvolvedin卷入；专注于involve...in...使……卷入……；使……专注于……(2)involvedoingsth(＝includedoingsth)包括做某事(3)involvementn.参与；加入；沉迷单句语法填空/写作运用①Theyweresodeeply________(involve)inthematterthattheyfoundithardtopullout.②Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolves________(spend)quitealotoftimewithstudents.③Studentsshould____________communityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.(2014·福建，31)学生应该参与社区活动，他们能从活动中获取成长的经验。答案①involved

②spending

③involvethemselvesin【名师指津】involvedadj.作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。如：aninvolvedsentence一个复杂的句子；thepeopleinvolved所涉及的人。1.charactern.角色；人物；品质；特点；汉字常考必会词汇——理解辨认[高考佳句]Actually，childrenlearnearlythepsychologyofcharactersinTVshows.(2015·广东，阅读C)事实上，孩子们早期通过电视节目了解人物的心理。写出下列句中character的含义①Herhusbandwasamanofgoodcharacter，welllikedandrespectedbyhiscolleagues.②Thefilmisautobiographical(自传体的)andtheleadingcharacterisplayedbyZhangYimouhimself.③NowadaysmanyforeignerslovetostudyChinesecharactersinChina.④Itiswhatparentssayanddothatreallymattersinchildren’scharactertraining.⑤Thedirectoraddedafewcharactersandchangedsomenamesinthismoviebutthisisatruestory.答案①品质②角色③汉字④性格，品格

⑤人物2.amazingadj.令人惊异的[教材原句]Thesisters’roadtosuccesshasbeenamazing.两姐妹的成功之路令人惊异。单句语法填空/写作运用①Wewereamazed________(learn)thatshehadleftthehospital$18million.②________amazedmewasthattheoldmandevotedallhismoneytosupportingthelocalschool.＝____________，theoldmandevotedallhismoneytosupportingthelocalschool.＝____________thattheoldmandevotedallhismoneytosupportingthelocalschool.让我惊讶的是，这位老人把他所有的钱都用来资助当地学校。答案①tolearn

②What；Tomyamazement；Itamazedme[联想发散]可用于“toone’s＋n.”结构的抽象名词还有：delight，surprise，satisfaction，astonishment，disappointment等。[短

语

点

拨]1.cometodosomething开始(认识、理解)[教材原句]Fourdaysaftertheinjury，Icametounderstandmysituation.受伤四天后，我开始意识到自己的处境。单句语法填空/写作运用①Whenhecameto________(him)，hefoundhimselflyinginbed.②Theydon’tacceptanyfoolishnesswhen____________money.在花钱的问题上，他们向来很谨慎。答案①himself

②itcomestospending2.pullthrough使从(受伤)中活下来；渡过难关；康复[教材原句]ThedoctorsaidIwasnotgoingtopullthrough.医生说我无法康复了。pullover向路边停靠pulldown拉下；拆毁；摧毁；推翻pullout拔掉；离开；(火车)离站pullin(to)到站；(火车)进站pullup停车；停止单句语法填空①Theanchorwasraisedandtheshippulled________.②Wesoonpull________bythehouse.③Wordcamethattheoldbuildingsinthisareawouldbepulled________tobuildupanamusementpark.答案①out

②up

③down3.geton/along融洽相处，进展(常与with搭配)[教材原句]UnderstandinghiswifehelpsChristophergetonwellwithher.了解妻子有助于克里斯多夫与她更好地相处。(1)getalong/on(well/nicely)withsb与某人相处得(好)getalong/on(well/nicely/smoothly)withsth某事进展得(好/顺利)(2)getacross讲清楚；(使)被领会getawaywith侥幸逃脱，逃避……责任/罪责getthrough渡过(艰难等)；完成；接通(电话)单句语法填空/写作运用①Yourthesiswouldn’tget________ifyouusedtoomanytechnicaltermsinit.②Don’tthinkyoucangetaway________tellinglies.③Didyouhavetoget________anentranceexamination?④Inaddition，everystudentcanbeinharmonywithforeignfriends，whichmakesiteasyforyou_____