2019届高考英语-基础保分篇-第三讲-冠词讲义-新人教版

李仕才读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线黑体部分的冠词用法。Tom，a[1]classmateofmine,isa[2]LeiFenginourclass,whoisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Henry,whosefatherisa[3]teacher,isconsideredtobethe[4]mostdiligentstudentinourclass,whoisthefirstonetogettoschoolandthe[5]lastonetoleaveeveryday.Hebelievestheharderyoustudythe[6]moreknowledgeyou’llget.TomlikeswatchingTVwhileHenryenjoyslisteningtothe[7]radio.Bothofthemareworkingforthe[8]Students’Union.Theyareofan[9]ageandIama[10]yearolderthantheyare.Wearegoodfriendsbecausewehavea[11]lotincommon.Firstofall,thethreeofuswereborninthe[12]1990s.Secondly,wealllikeplayingthe[13]violinandlovesports.Weplayfootballtwicea[14]weekevenifwearenowinSeniorGradeThree.Thirdly,wenotonlyrespectteachersandtheelderlybutalsocareforthe[15]disabled.Forexample,weoftengotoavillagenearourschooltolookafterthe[16]Browns,bothofwhomwerelamedinanaccident.Irememberthatona[17]SaturdayafternoonwechattedwiththeBrownssohappilythatwedidn’tgobackhomeuntilthe[18]sunset.1．泛指的一个，用不定冠词。2．表示“像……一样的人”，用不定冠词。3．职业身份前，表示类别，用不定冠词。4．形容词最高级前用定冠词。5．序数词前用定冠词。6．构成句式：themore...themore...(越……就越……)。7．表类属。8．普通名词构成的专有名词前用定冠词。9．表示“同一”，用不定冠词。10．表示数量“一”，用不定冠词。11．构成短语alot。12．在逢整数的基数词前表示年代，用定冠词。13．在表示演奏play后，西洋乐器名词前，用定冠词。14．表示“每一”，用不定冠词。15．用在形容词或分词前表示一类人，用定冠词。16．用在姓氏复数前表示某夫妇或一家人，用定冠词。17．表示“某一”，用不定冠词。18．在独一无二的事物前，用定冠词。Ⅰ.单句填空(用a，an或the填空)1．Isatnexttothemanandintroducedmyself.Wehad________amazingconversation.2．Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.________waterwassweet.3．Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnot________pleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeet...4．...theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto________smalltownsome20kilometresawaywheretherewasagarage.anTheaa5．—It’ssaidthatJohnwillbeinajobpayingover$60,000________year.—Right,hewillalsogetpaidby________week.6．Takeyourtime—it’sjust________shortdistancefromhereto________restaurant.7．Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall,youneverget________secondchancetomake________firstimpression.8．Wecanneverexpect________bluerskyunlesswecreate________lesspollutedworld.9．Thisareaexperienced________heaviestrainfallin________monthofMay.10．Ittookusquitealongtimetogettotheamusementpark.Itwas________three-­hourjourney.atheatheaaaathetheaⅡ.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)1．InChina,moreandmorechildrenarelearningtoplaypianonowadays._____________2．ThereisnodoubtthatlittleTomisahonestboy.____________3．Outofthecuriosity,heopenedthenovel._________________4．Ididn’thaveownroomtillmysisterleftforcollege.______________5．Themomenthesawher,heopenedarmsandhuggedher.______________在play后加thea→an去掉Outof后的the在own前加my在arms前加his6．Aselfie(自拍照)isatypeofself­portraitphotograph,typicallytakenwithhand­helddigitalcameraorcameraphone.____________7．Thenewboylookedattheteacherforafewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswonderedwhataboywoulddo.______________________8．70%ofstudentssurveyedholdtheviewthatrulescanhelpthepublicmaketherightchoices,andremainsafe.__________________9．Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinsamehome？_______________10．KarlMarxbegantolearnEnglishinthefifties.____________在with后加a第二个boy前的a→the在students前加the在same前加thethe→hisⅢ.语篇填空(在空格处填入1个适当的冠词，使文章结构完整，语意通顺。)Todayourschoolorganizedallthestudentstotakepartin1.________reportatthemeetingroominourschool.Albert，2.________ordinaryman,deliveredaspeechonhowtolearnEnglish.Albert，3.________professorinBeijingUniversity,graduatedfrom4.________EnglishDepartmentofOxfordUniversityin1985.Hesaidweshouldform5.________habitofpreviewingEnglish,andthiswouldhelpustoperformwellinclass.WhenwestudyEnglishinclass,wemustbeearnestandactive.Ifso，wecanabsorb6.________largeamountofknowledge.Afterclass,weshouldreadmoreEnglishpassages,whichisimportantfortheEnglishlearners.Bydoingthis,wearenotonlyinformedwhathappensin7.________world，butwecanalsoreview8.________largenumberofformerwords.After9.________periodoftime,weshouldalsosortoutournotesandgooverwhatwehavelearned.In10.________word,Englishisn’tdifficulttolearn,aslongaswedowhathetoldus.【语篇导读】本文主要是讲同学们通过听Albert教授的讲座，学到了一些学习英语的方法。1．a

[泛指，是指一个报告。]2．an

[ordinary是由元音音标开头，故用an。anordinaryman“一位普通人”。]3．a

[泛指，这里指Albert是北京大学的“一名”教授。]4．the

[由普通名词构成的专有名词前用定冠词。]5．the

[受表示特指的of短语修饰，formthehabitof意为“养成……的习惯”。]6．a

[固定搭配alargeamountof意为“许多”，与不可数名词连用。]7．the

[世界上独一无二的事物要用定冠词。]8．a

[固定搭配alargenumberof意为“许多”，与可数名词复数连用。]9．a

[aperiodof意为“一段时间”。]10．a

[固定搭配inaword意为“总之”。]第二课时高考研究课冠词在语法填空中的考查点规律方法1.位置因素：名词前，有时在形容词前(表示一类人)。2．设题特点：该考查点常常以自由填空的形式出现。3．语境信息：在确定应该填冠词的前提下，根据语境分析所填冠词的类型。4．牢记固定搭配中的冠词。1．Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover________top.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)2．As________result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)3．Butunlikeherschoolfriends，16-­year-­oldSarahisnotspendinghalf­termresting.Instead，sheisearning￡6，500adayas________modelinNewYork.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)真题验证1the

[top是名词，前面要用冠词，此处特指在挖的路的上面，所以用定冠词the。]a

[asaresult因此，为固定搭配。]a

[此处句意为“作为纽约的一名模特”，在单数可数名词model前应该使用不定冠词a，表示“一，一名”。]4．ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas________wonder.(2017·浙江卷)5．Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor________while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)6．Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle­fed，________otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)a

[此处wonder为可数名词，表示“奇迹，奇事”，此处为泛指，故要用不定冠词a。]a

[短语搭配forawhile意为：一会儿。]the

[one...theother...意为：一个……；另外一个……。]7.________prizeforthewinnerofthecompetitionisatwo­weekholidayinParis.(2016·浙江卷改编)8.Mr.Johnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren.Heowned________farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.(2015·广东卷)9．Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic;heisverylikelytobe________Beethoven.(2015·四川卷改编)The

[名词prize后有限制性定语，故应使用the表示特指。]a

[由语境可知此处表示泛指

“一座农场”。]a

[由语境可知此处表示泛指，aBeethoven意为“一个和贝多芬才华相当的人”。]10.Theadobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven________mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)the

[由most可知此处应该填the，表示最高级。]冠词在短文改错中的考查点规律方法1．定位分析：名词前是否应该有冠词——①填上必要冠词；②删掉多余冠词。2．语境分析：名词前冠词是否正确——误用冠词改正。1．Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)____________2．Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)____________真题验证2第二句about后的a→an/one

[hour以元音音素开头，且是可数名词，所以表示一个小时用an/onehour。]hard后面加the/my

[此处特指我学习开车的第一天，所以在firstday前面加the/my。]3．Aroundmeinpicturearethethingswhichwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)____________4.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsofbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)____________5．Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)____________在picture之前加the或this

[此处特指作者提到的这张照片，故在名词前加定冠词the或指示代词this。]the→a

[ashortperiodoftime意为：一段短暂的时间；此处使用不定冠词表示泛指。]world前加the

[world前面常常加定冠词表示“全世界”。]6.Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)____________7．Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparents...Awomansawhimcryingandtoldhimtowaitoutsideashop.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)____________8.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning.(2015·浙江卷)____________去掉the

[短语搭配atfirst意为：最初。]outside后的a→the

[此处shop为第二次出现，故使用定冠词表示特指。]hurry前加a

[短语inahurry意为：急忙；匆忙。]9．Asresult,theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.(全国卷Ⅰ)____________10．ThatdayIdidn’tlearnmuchaboutanimals,insectsortrees,butIlearntaimpressivelessonaboutgravity！(陕西卷)____________As后加a

[短语搭配asaresult意为：结果。]a→an

[impressivelesson为元音音素开头，故使用an。]第三课时写作增分课冠词在写作中的增分点一、遇到名词要考虑前面冠词是特指还是类指1．水对于我们生活很重要，因此我们要尽我们最大的努力来阻止它被污染。(beimportantto,doourbest,prevent...from,pollute)______________________________________________________________________2．我的家乡附近那条河里的水已经被严重污染。我们要求政府尽早采取适当的措施来保护它。(bepollutedseriously,demand,thegovernment,takeappropriatemeasures,assoonas)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Waterisimportanttoourlife,sowemustdoourbesttopreventitfrombeingpolluted.Thewaterintherivernearmyhometownhasbeenpollutedseriously.Wedemandthegovernmenttakeappropriatemeasurestoprotectitassoonaspossible.3．都说老师们过着简朴的生活，但我认为当老师很有意义。(besaidto,liveasimplelife,beateacher,meaningful)______________________________________________________________________4．计算机在我们生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。(computer,playapart/rolein)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．中午的时候在没有任何保护措施的情况下直视太阳对我们的眼睛有害。(beharmfulto,lookstraightat,withoutanyprotection)________________________________________________________________________Teachersaresaidtoliveasimplelife,butIthinkbeingateacherismeaningful.Thecomputerplaysamoreandmoreimportantpart/roleinourlife或Computersplayamoreandmoreimportantpart/roleinourlife.Itisharmfultooureyestolookstraightatthesunwithoutanyprotectionatnoon.二、活用不定冠词a，an1．就在那时，有一个七岁的小女孩正步行穿越马路。(therebe,walkacross)_________________________________________________________2．要学好英语，一本好的词典是必需的。(dictionary,amust)__________________________________________