2019届高考英语总复习-Unit-4-Earthquakes讲义-新人教版必修

Unit4

Earthquakes-2-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子【识记阅读单词】1.earthquaken.地震2.quaken.

震动;地震3.welln.

井4.pipen.

管;导管5.canaln.

运河;水道6.steamn.

蒸汽;水汽7.dirtn.

污垢;泥土8.brickn.

砖;砖块9.damn.

水坝;堰堤10.trackn.

轨道;足迹;痕迹-3-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子11.disastern.

灾难;灾祸12.sheltern.

掩蔽;掩蔽处;避身处13.titlen.

标题;头衔;资格14.barn.

条;棒;条状物15.outlinen.

要点;大纲;轮廓16.headlinen.

报刊的大字标题17.cyclistn.

骑自行车的人-4-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子【拼写高频单词】1.

burst

vi.(burst,burst)爆裂;爆发n.突然破裂;爆发

2.

million

n.百万

3.

event

n.事件;大事

4.

ruin

n.废墟;毁灭vt.毁灭;使破产

5.

destroy

vt.破坏;毁坏;消灭

6.

rescue

n.&vt.援救;营救

7.

trap

vt.使陷入困境n.陷阱;困境

8.

electricity

n.电;电流;电学

9.

bury

vt.埋葬;掩埋;隐藏

10.

damage

n.&vt.损失;损害

11.

congratulation

n.祝贺;(复数)贺词

12.

judge

n.裁判员;法官vt.断定;判断;判决

-5-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子【拓展核心单词】1.

express

vt.表示;表达→

express

n.快车;速递→

expression

n.表达;表情;词句

2.

nation

n.民族;国家;国民→

national

adj.国家的→

nationality

n.国籍

3.

suffering

n.苦难;痛苦→

suffer

v.受苦;遭受

4.

extreme

adj.极度的→

extremely

adv.

极度地;极其;非常

5.

injure

vt.损害;伤害→

injured

adj.受伤的→

injury

n.扭伤;损害;损伤

-6-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子6.

use

v.使用;利用;n.用途;用处→

useful

adj.有用的→

useless

adj.无用的;无效的;无益的

7.

shock

vt.&vi.(使)震惊;震动→

shock

n.休克;打击;震惊

8.

mine

n.矿;矿山;矿井→

miner

n.矿工

9.

report

n.报告;报道v.报告;报到→

reporter

n.记者n.报告

10.

frighten

vt.使惊吓;吓唬→

frightened

adj.受惊的;受恐吓的→

frightening

adj.令人恐惧的

11.

sincere

adj.真诚的;真挚的→

sincerely

adv.真诚地;真挚地

-7-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子1.“-ing与-ed”结尾的形容词集锦surprising令人吃惊的surprised吃惊的disappointing令人失望的disappointed失望的terrifying令人恐怖的terrified害怕的frightening令人惊恐的frightened害怕的moving感人的moved感动的-8-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子2.与burst变化形式相同的动词burst

burst

burst爆发;爆裂upset

upset

upset使不安;使心烦cast

cast

cast投;掷cost

cost

cost花费3.不一样的“惊讶”surprised感到惊讶的astonished惊讶的amazed惊奇的shocked震惊的-9-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子4.shock用法小结beshockedby/at对……感到震惊agreatshock令人震惊的事beashocktosb.对某人来说是个打击shocking令人震惊的5.bury的常用短语beburiedin埋头于beburiedinthought沉思buryoneselfinstudy埋头学习;专心学习buryone’sfaceinone’shands双手掩面-10-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子6.trap小结setatrap设下圈套betrappedin陷入困境trapodoingsth.诱骗某人做某事fallintoatrap落入圈套7.express用法小结expressoneself表达自己的思想感情beyondexpression无法表达;难以表达expressone’sthankstosb.向某人表达谢意-11-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子【识记】1.rightaway立刻;马上2.inruins严重受损;破败不堪3.digout掘出;发现【默写】1.结束;终结

at

an

end2.许多;大量的

a(great)

number

of3.好像;仿佛

as

if-12-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子1.表示“立刻;马上”的词语atonce;right

away;right

now;innotime2.含有复数名词的短语inruins破败不堪inrags衣衫褴褛inhighspirits情绪高涨3.表示数量的短语anamountof/amountsof大量的(修饰不可数名词)aquantityof/quantitiesof很多;大量(修饰可数或不可数名词)agreatmany很多(修饰可数名词复数)-13-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子1.Itseemed

as

if

theworldwas

at

an

end

!

世界似乎到了末日!考点提炼

Itseemedasif...句式。seem后常接that或asif引导的从句。2.

All

hopewas

not

lost.

不是所有的希望都破灭了。考点提炼这是一个部分否定句。all...not,both...not为部分否定,完全否定形式用none或neither。-14-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子1.他坐在那儿,好像什么事都没发生过。He

sat

there

as

if

nothing

had

happened.2.并不是每个人都诚实。All

the

men

are

not

honest.-15-Ⅰ.单词Ⅱ.短语Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.语篇填空积累·串记联想·归纳仿造句子

SeveraldaysbeforeJuly28,1976,manystrangethingshappenedinTangshan.Thewaterinthevillagewells1.

rose

(rise)and

fell.Thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.Theywere2.

signs

(sign)fortheearthquake.Butpeopleinthecitydidn’tthinkmuch3.

of

these.At3:42amthatday,everythingbegantoshake,4.

which

destroyedthecity.Manypeople,5.

including

(include)workersanddoctors,cametorescuethose6.

trapped

(trap)peopleundertheruins.7.

Later

(late)that

afternoon,anotherbigquakestruckTangshan.8.

More

(many)peoplewerekilledor9.

injured

(injure)andmorebuildingsfelldown.Soldiersweresenttohelptherescueworkers.Teamswereorganizedtodigoutthetrappedandbury10.

the

dead.

-16-核心词汇核心句式2345611.burst

vi.(使)爆裂;(使)裂开;(使)炸开;突然出现;爆发n.突然破裂;爆发领悟高考·究考法「◆诵读句子,体会黑体部分含义」(1)Two

good

burstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasputout.(2016·全国乙,完形填空)灭火器里爆发出两股水流,大火被扑灭了。(2)Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburst

out.(2016·北京,阅读理解D)年轻人很可能会爆发,这并不奇怪。-17-核心词汇核心句式234561「◆翻译句子」(3)Thepipeiseasytoburstincoldwinter.在寒冷的冬季管道很容易爆裂。

(4)Theexcellentperformanceofthelittlegirlcausedbursts

of

applause.小女孩的出色表现赢得了阵阵掌声。

(5)WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,he

burst

into

tears.(2015·课标全国Ⅰ,完形填空)我把礼物卡送给了他的时候,他的眼泪夺眶而出。

-18-核心词汇核心句式234561联想拓展·记考点(1)burstout突然迸发;爆发(2)burstin/into闯进,破门而入(3)burstoutdoingsth.=burstinto+n.突然……起来burstoutlaughing=burstintolaughter突然大笑起来burstoutcrying=burstintotears突然大哭起来burstoutcheering=burstintocheers突然欢呼起来Hearingthis,thewholeclassburst

into

laughter/burst

out

laughingandmydeskmate’sfaceturnedred.听到这些话,全班同学大笑起来,我同桌的脸红了。(2013·湖北,书面表达)-19-核心词汇核心句式2345612.at

an

end

结束;终结领悟高考·究考法「◆翻译句子,体会黑体部分含义」(1)Hewentonspendinguntilhis

money

was

at

an

end.他继续花钱直到花完为止。(2)WhatwasMrs.Smith’sattitudetotheauthorat

the

end

of

the

story?(2015·重庆,阅读理解A)故事结尾的时候史密斯夫人对作者的态度如何?-20-核心词汇核心句式234561联想拓展·记考点(1)intheend最后;终于attheendof在……尽头;在……末端bytheendof到……结束时;到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)(2)put/bringsth.toanend结束……cometoanend结束putanendtosth.结束;终结……(3)endupwith以……结束endupas作为……结束-21-核心词汇核心句式2345613.ruin

n.[U]毁坏;毁灭;崩溃

[C](pl.)废墟;遗迹v.(使)破产;(使)堕落;毁灭领悟高考·究考法「◆用ruin的适当形式完成句子」(1)Aheavyrain

ruined

thedinner.(2016·全国丙,阅读理解B)

一场大雨毁了晚餐。(2)WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodin

ruins

.(2016·北京,阅读理解B)

当她们第二天回到洛克威时,她们发现她们的居住区已变成一片废墟。-22-核心词汇核心句式234561(3)Don’tletnegativity

ruin

yourmotivation.(2015·福建,阅读理解E)

不要让消极情绪毁了你的积极性。(4)Alargenumberofchurchescame/fellinto

ruin

.

许多教堂都被毁了。联想拓展·记考点(1)(be)inruins成为废墟(2)bringsb.toruin使某人失败;使某人倾家荡产(3)come/fallto/intoruin毁灭,灭亡;崩溃;破坏掉-23-核心词汇核心句式234561体会语境·辨词义「★用ruin,destroy或damage的适当形式填空」Thebomb

destroyed

twobuildingscompletelyandthebridgetothevillagewas

damaged

,sothevillagersweretorepairit.Sometownsinthisarealayin

ruins

afteryearsofwar.

自助巩固

(1)ruin

亦指彻底毁坏,但不含有以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏,而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁坏掉的意思。(2)destroy

常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏,毁坏”,程度较深;也可用于抽象的东西,比如名誉、计划、契约等。(3)damage

是程度较小的“破坏,损坏”,一般被破坏的物品可以重新修复。其复数形式还可表示“损害赔偿金”。-24-核心词汇核心句式2345614.injure

vt.损害;伤害领悟高考·究考法「◆用injure的适当形式填空」(1)Larrytoldherthatsheshouldnotmoveincaseshe

injured

herneck.(2016·全国乙,完形填空)

拉里告诉她不要乱动以免伤到脖子。(2)Hewas

injured(injure)intheaccident.

(3)Herrefusal

injured

hispride.

她的拒绝伤害了他的自尊心。-25-核心词汇核心句式234561(4)Bynowparamedics(急救人员)hadarrived,andwereattendingtothe

injured

(injure)woman.(2014·福建,阅读理解A)

(5)Youshouldstretchatleasttenminutestoprevent

injuries

.(2015·课标全国Ⅱ,七选五)

为了避免受伤,你应该至少做十分钟的伸展运动。联想拓展·记考点(1)beinjured受伤(2)injuredadj.受伤的;受委屈的(3)theinjured伤者(4)injuryn.伤;伤害-26-核心词汇核心句式234561体会语境·辨词义「★用injure,wound或hurt的适当形式填空」①About50people

were

wounded

intheattack.

②I’msorry;Ididn’tmean

to

hurt

you.

③Fiftypeoplewerekilledintheearthquakeandevenmore

were

injured

.

自助巩固

(1)injure

一般指由于意外或事故造成的损伤。(2)wound

一般指外伤,如枪伤、刀伤,尤指在战争、战斗中受伤。(3)hurt

可以指肉体上的伤害,特指伴有疼痛的肉体上的伤害,也可以指精神上的伤害;还可做不及物动词,意为“疼痛”。-27-核心词汇核心句式2345615.a(great)

number

of许多的;大量的领悟高考·究考法「◆翻译句子」(1)However,therearea

number

ofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.(2016·全国甲,七选五)然而,有许多其他的原因可以来解释你为什么想种植。(2)Thethingis,anumberofthemhaveadmittedthatdespitetheirsuccess,theyaren’thappy.(2015·浙江,完形填空)事实是,他们中的很多人承认尽管他们成功了,他们并不开心。-28-核心词汇核心句式234561联想拓展·记考点(1)alarge/greatnumberof“许多的,大量的”,相当于large/greatnumbersof,后面跟可数名词复数形式。anumberof加可数名词复数做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。(2)thenumberof意为“……的数量”,其后接名词的复数或具有复数意义的名词。用做主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。-29-核心词汇核心句式2345616.one-third三分之一领悟高考·究考法「◆用所给单词的适当形式填空」(1)TheHealthyHabitsSurveyshowsthatonlyaboutonethirdofAmericanseniors

have

(have)correcthabits.(2013·安徽,阅读理解A)

健康习惯组织调查显示,只有大约三分之一的美国老年人有正确的习惯。(2)Theprofessorisdelightedtofindthattwothirdsoftheproject

has

been

finished

(finish).

教授高兴地发现该项目三分之二的工作已经完成。-30-核心词汇核心句式234561联想拓展·记考点(1)分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母用序数词的复数形式。分数或分数修饰名词做主语时谓语动词的数根据其后的名词而定。(2)百分数的表达:percent与具体的数词连用,percentage可与large,small,high,increasing等词连用。(3)年龄的表达:表示“在某人几十多岁时”用“inone’s+整十的基数词的复数形式”,如inhis30s。-31-核心词汇核心句式234561(4)年份的表达:表示“在……年代”用“inthe+年份(后加’s或s)”,如inthe1980s/1980’s。(5)倍数的表达:①A+谓语+倍数+比较级+than+B②A+谓语+倍数+as+原级+as+B③A+谓语+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height等)+of+B-32-核心词汇核心句式It

seemed

as

if

the

world

was

at

an

end!世界似乎到了末日!分析提炼·究考法(1)Itseems(to

sb.)that/asif...(对某人来说)似乎……。asif引导表语从句。(2)asif也可以引导状语从句。如果asif引导的句子表示是真实的或是极有可能发生的情况时,句子要用陈述语气。(3)当从句中说话人所陈述的是不真实的或者极少可能发生或者存在的情况时,从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语动词的形式如下表:-33-核心词汇核心句式领悟考法·用考点「◆完成句子」(1)Butit

seems

that

manypeopledon’tcookfishathome.(2016·全国乙,七选五)

但是似乎很多人不在家里做鱼。(2)Hurryup!Itlooksasif

it

is

going

to

rain

.

快点!看起来好像要下雨了。(3)ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI

had

done

it

?(2014·重庆,单项填空)

是约翰打破的窗户,你为什么和我说啊?就好像是我干的一样。「◆翻译句子」(4)Itseemedas

if

he

enjoyed

the

dish.他似乎喜欢这道菜。-34-ⅠⅡⅠ.单句填空1.Wecouldseefromher

frightened

expressionthatthegirlwas

frightened

.(frighten)

2.Inthecrashhewasseriously

injured

(injure).

3.Hiscar

w