人教社2024版初中七年级上册英语寒假分层作业学生版08 阅读理解特训

人教社2024版初中七年级上册英语寒假分层作业学生版专题08阅读理解特训内容早知道☛第一层巩固提升练（4大考点）考点一细节理解题考点二推理判断题考点三词句猜测题考点四主旨大意题☛第二层能力培优练☛第三层拓展突破练考点一细节理解题此类题一般针对文章的细节信息进行考查。答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(此类型题占比最大。占到全部阅读题60~80%左右)【注意】这类题设置干扰项的特点：①部分正确，而另一部分是错误的。②是原文信息，却不是题目要求的内容③符合常识，但和文章内容无关。④与原文内容极其相似，只是在程度上有所不同。常见的提问形式：①WhichofthefollowingcannotyoulearninAngliaSummerCamp?②WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?③WhydidCalvinCoolidgeliveattheWillardHotelinthosedays?④WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTRIGHTaccordingtothepassage?⑤AccordingtoGeorge,readingaloudtochildren______.解题技巧：抓住提问中的关键字眼，仔细阅读相关细节的材料内容，一般可以在短文中直接找到或稍加归纳就可以得出正确答案。注意排除下列干扰项：①扩缩范围文章为了表达得准确严密，很注意对范围的限定。有的是通过加上相应的词语限制，如涉及到数量时常用many,almostall,nearly,morethan,over,onlyafew,normally等限制。有些干扰项是通过改变或去掉限定词语，甚至是扩大或缩小了语言范围。②偷换概念命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。③正误并存在一干扰项中，某个句子或词语是正确的，其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面，正误并存，命题者借此以假乱真。要排除这类干扰项，只要一个选项局部有误或选项不全面，都属排除的干扰项。【巩固练习】MynameisHolly.I’m14yearsold,andIamamiddleschoolstudent.Ilikemyschoollife.Igetupatsixo’clockinthemorning.ThenIgorunningintheplayground.Athalfpastsix,Ihavebreakfastatschool.Youcanseemanystudentsandteachersinthedininghall.Afterbreakfast,IgotomyclassroomandreadEnglish.Wehavesixclasseseveryday.Thefirstclassstartsateighto’clock.Ilikeallmysubjects.Ithinktheyareinteresting.MyfavoritesubjectisEnglish,soIoftengototheEnglishcomer(英语角)onThursdayevening.IcanpractisemyEnglishthere.Afterclass,Ialwaysplaywithmyfriends.Weplaybasketball,footballandtabletennis.Ilikeallmylessons,myfriendsandmyteachers.Inaword(总而言之),Ilovemyschoollife.1．WhendoesHollyhavebreakfast?A．At6:00am. B．At6:30am. C．At6:40am. D．At7:00am.2．WhendoesHollyreadEnglish?A．Beforebreakfast. B．Afterbreakfast. C．Intheevening. D．Afterlunch.3．WhatisHolly’sfavoritesubject?A．Chinese. B．Maths. C．History. D．English.考点二推理判断题推理判断题是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。【注意】①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。②推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知;做题时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。③不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法;不要脱离原文主观臆断.常见的提问形式：①WhatwouldAndydonext?②Wheremaythispassagecomefrom?③AccordingtoMorgan,whatkindofpeoplearemostlikelytosufferfromnearsightedness?④Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?⑤Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?解题技巧：推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。学生不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思，更重要的是要知道文章的潜在涵义。注意点：①推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。②不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断。◆根据事实进行推断：首先在文章中找出据以判断的有关词或句子，然后加以分析，悟出字里行间的意思。◆根据作者的意图和态度进行推断：作者的思想倾向和感情色彩往往含在字里行间。因此，既要将文章的主题思想作为推断的前提，还应注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词、副词等修饰语。学生要对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。◆指代推断：要推断指代词所指的对象，关键在于对该词所在的上下文的正确的理解。指代词的单复数形式应与被指代词的单复数形式一致。◆根据逻辑关系进行推断：根据文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感受。【巩固练习】Hello,everyone!IamMary.IstudyinNo.39MiddleSchool.Mybrother,mysisterandIareallgoodstudents.Myparentsareproudofus.Welcometomyhome!MyparentsareMikeandLucy.MymotherisadoctorinahospitalandmyfatherteachesEnglishinNo.26MiddleSchool.Theyworkveryhardeveryday.Paulismyolderbrother.HestudiesinNo.2MiddleSchool.Hestudiesverywellandhelikestomakefriends.Youcane-mailhim.ThelittlegirlismyyoungersisterGina.She’sonly9yearsoldbutsheisgoodattennis.Shewantstobeatennisstarinthefuture.1．PaulisLucy’s________.A．daughter B．son C．father D．mother2．Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat________.A．Ginahasasisterandabrother B．Mary’se-mailaddress(地址)is458503268@126.comC．PaulandMaryareinthesameschool D．Maryisgoodattennisandwantstobeatennisstar考点三词句猜测题词句猜测题是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。它是一种非常有用的阅读技巧，通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点对词义作出正确判断，能提高阅读速度和阅读能力。常见的提问形式：①Theunderlinedword“shoot”inthe2ndparagraphmeans“______”.②Whatdoesthepronoun“This”inthelastparagraphreferto(所指)?③Theunderlinedword“compromise”probablymeans_________.④Whatdotheunderlinedwordsmean?⑤Whatdothewords“oncloudnine”inParagraph2probablymean?解题技巧：◆根据上下文猜测⑴根据关联词猜测表示因果关系的：because,as,since,for,so,asaresult…表示同义关系的：and,like,justas…表示反义关系的：but,however,though,although,yet,instead(of)等等⑵利用构词法猜测根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。例如care(小心)→careful(小心的)→carefully(小心地);write(写)→rewrite(改写)。根据“合成词”猜测。例如school+bag→schoolbag；down+stairs→downstairs◆根据定义、释义、举例或复述猜词常用be,becalled,mean或破折号或定语从句等来表示。例如：①Whydoesjogging--runningslowlybecomesopopular.（慢跑）②Porkisthemeatofpigs.（猪肉）③Janeiswarm-hearted,shelikestohelpothers.（热心的）◆根据语境及生活常识猜测从文章中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解，推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。例如：①Chinaisourmotherland.（祖国）②Kangaroomothershavepouchestocarrytheirbabies.（育儿袋）③It'sreallycoldoutside,andmyhandsarebothnumb.（冻僵了的,麻木的）【巩固练习】Samistwelve.He’sastudentinNo.5MiddleSchool.He’sinClass4,Grade7.TodayisWomen’sDay,andit’sSam’sbirthday.Hismotherandfatherhaveabirthdaypartyforhim.Youcanseelotsofdrinksandfoodonthetable.AndthegiftsfromSam’sfamilyareonthetabletoo.Saminviteshisgoodfriendstohisbirthdayparty.They’reLinda,Tom,JohnandLucy.LindabuysanicepenforSam.SheknowsSamloveswritingstories.ShewantsSamtowritemanygoodstories.TombuysawhitebaseballforSam.BaseballisSam’sfavouritesport,andhe’sreallygoodatit.JohnandLucybuyabigcakeforSam.TheysingHappyBirthdaytoSam.They’reallveryhappyattheparty.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1．Theunderlinedword“invites”inparagraph2probablymeans“________”inChinese.A．拜访 B．邀请 C．推荐 D．闲谈考点四主旨大意题此类题主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或主题段），要求学生在理解全文后归纳短文要点，概括中心思路。正确答案是要根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。【注意】这类题设置干扰项的特点：①可能属文中某个具体事实或细节，但不是正确答案。②可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。③可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。常见的提问形式：①Accordingtothepassage,whatdidthewriterwanttotellus?②Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?③Fromthepassage,thewriterthinks_____.④Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?⑤Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?解题技巧：1、寻找主题句，从而抓住全段中心思想，常见位置是段首句或第二句，但也可能在段尾或段中。2、概括全文，寻找文章中心思想。各段落中心句的整理归纳便是文章的中心思想。3、把握文章的体裁，分清文体，确定思维方向。4、体会作者的写作意图和所要表达的思想感情，辨清褒贬态度。干扰项：可能是文中某个具体事实或细节；可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论；可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。常见题型：1．主题型：What’sthemainideaofthispassage?（这篇文章的主要思想是什么？）Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?（这篇文章主要讨论了什么？）What’sthetopicofthispassage?（这篇文章的主题是什么？）2．标题型：What’sthebesttitle?（最佳的标题是什么？）Thebesttitleforthistextis(totell)______.（这段文字的最佳标题是_____)Themainpurposeofthistextis______.(这段文字的主要目的是？）3．目的型：Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthistextisto______.（作者写这段文字的主要目的是？）What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?（这篇文章的主要目的是？）【巩固练习】Rexwasastrongandsmartdog.Rexhadaspecialjob—hehelpedpeoplewhowerelostorhurt.Oneday,abigstorm(暴风雨)hitthetown.Peoplewerestuckintheirhomes,andsomewereeventrappedoutside.Rexandhisfriend,Sarah,akindwomanwhotookcareofhim,knewtheyhadtohelp.Theyputontheirraincoatsandboots,andsetofftofindthoseinneed.Rexusedhisamazingnosetosniffoutpeoplewhowerelost.Heranthroughthestreets,barkingandwagginghistail,encouragingSarahtofollowhim.Soon,theyfoundanoldmanfelldownandcouldn’tgetup.Rexnudged(轻推)himwithhisnose.Sarahhelpedthemantohisfeet,andtheyallwalkedsafelytoashelter.RexandSarahkeptsearching,andsoontheyfoundalittlegirlcryinginthedark.Rexlaydownnexttoher.Sarahwrappedherinablanketandcarriedhertoasafeplace.ThankstoRex’sbravery(勇敢)andSarah’skindness,manypeopleweresavedthatday.Peopleinthetownweregratefulforthem,andRexbecameknownasatruehero.Helovedhisjobandalwaysdidhisbesttohelpthoseinneed.根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。1．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Rexlovedplayingwithchildren.B．PeopleinthetownwereangrywithRexandSarah.C．Rex’sbraverymadehimbecomeahero.一、完形填空DearWangYi,Howareyou?Doyouknow1Iam?Iamintheschoolcomputerroom.Lookatthephoto!Yes,it’saschool!Thisismy2school—Hope(希望)MiddleSchool.It’sreallybig,isn’tit?Theschoolhasabigclassroombuildingwithfivefloors.Each(每一)floorhastenclassrooms.Allthe3haveclassesinthebuilding.Aredbuildingisnexttotheclassroombuilding.Itisour4.Howmanybooksarethereinthelibrary?I’m5.Idon’tknow.Thecomputerroomsareonthefirstfloor.Thereisa6behindtheclassroombuilding.It’snotbig,7Ilikeitverymuch.Youcanalways8meplaybasketballthereafterschool.Therearetwoschool9inourschool.Theschooldriversareverynice.Theytake(带)10toschooleveryday.Ilikemynewschool.Whataboutyourschool?Doyoulikeit?Yours,LiuGang1．A．who B．what C．where D．how2．A．small B．same C．cold D．new3．A．workers B．nurses C．doctors D．students4．A．teachingbuilding B．artroom C．library D．sportshall5．A．sorry B．fine C．welcome D．hot6．A．playground B．musicroom C．dininghall D．sciencelab7．A．and B．but C．after D．or8．A．say B．write C．enjoy D．see9．A．trees B．rooms C．buses D．teachers10．A．us B．you C．it D．her二、阅读理解ASophiais11yearsoldandshelivesinEngland.Sheusuallygetsupat6:45.Shehasashowerandgetsdressed.Thenshebrushesherteeth.Shealwaysrunsforanhour.Afterthat,shehasbreakfast.Thenshetakesherschoolbagandwalkstoschool.Classesstartat8:30andfinishat4:30.Sheusuallyhaslunchatschoolwithherclassmatesattwelveo’clock.HerbestfriendisAmy,andSophiaalwayssitsnexttoheratlunch.Theyusuallyeatrice,carrots,andmeat.Afterschool,shegoesbackhomeandusuallylistenstomusicandwatchesTVtorelax.Butbeforethat,shemustfinishherhomeworkfirst.At7:30,itistimefordinner.Shehasasandwichwithstrawberryjuice.Thensheusuallyreadsabook.Finally,shegoestobedataboutteno’clock.Butbeforethat,shebrushesherteeth.SuchisSophia’sdailyroutine.11．WhatdoesSophiadoafterrunning?A．Shehasashower. B．Shegetsdressed.C．Shebrushesherteeth. D．Shehasbreakfast.12．HowmanyhoursdoesSophiastayatschoolonschooldays?A．Nine. B．Ten. C．Six. D．Eight.13．WhattimedoesSophiahavelunch?A．At12:00. B．At11:30. C．At12:30. D．At11:00.14．WhatdoesSophiadoafterdinner?A．Shedrawspictures. B．Shereadsabook.C．ShewatchesTV. D．Sheplaysthepiano.15．PutSophia’sdailyroutineintothecorrectorderaccordingtothepassage.a.Shewalkstoschool.

b.Shehaslunchatschool.c.Shelistenstomusic.

d.Shegetsup.

e.Shedoesherhomework.A．d-c-a-b-e B．d-a-c-e-b C．d-a-b-e-c D．d-b-a-c-eBWelcometomyschool.16Thereare5buildingsinourschool.Thereisaclassroombuildinginthemiddleoftheschool.Onitsleftisasportsfield.17Ontherightoftheclassroombuildingarealibrary,adininghallandanofficebuilding.Thelibraryisatthefront.18I’minClass6,MissChen’sclass.SheismyChineseteacher.Herclassesareveryinteresting.19Thereare45studentsinmyclass,25boysand20girls.Youcanseeatelevisiononthewall.20Therearefourpicturesonthewall,too.A．Wealllikeherverymuch.B．AmapofChinaisnexttoit.C．Asciencebuildingisbehindthesportsfield.D．It’snotverybigbutit’sverynice.E．Thedininghallisbetweenthelibraryandtheofficebuilding.F．Therearesometreesinfrontofthesportsfield.Everyonehasafavouriteplaceinhisorherschool.一、阅读理解配对阅读。左栏是五位学生的需求，右栏是七位学科老师的介绍。请为每位学生选择合适的老师。1Sallyisanicegirl.Shelikesallthesubjects.SheisgoodatEnglishbutshedoesn’tdowellinmath.Shethinksit’sdifficultforher.2Billyisanactive(好动的)boy.Helikesplayingsportsandheisinterestedinbasketball.Hewantstodowellinit.3Sueisaquietgirl.Shelikesartandmusicverymuchbutshecan’tdrawwell.Shewantstolearntodrawpictures.4AnnalikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoeswellinwritingbutshecan’tspeakitwell.Sheneedssomeonetohelpher.5Jackisacleverboy.Heisgoodatmanysubjects.Helikeshistorybestandwantstolearnmoreaboutit.Hereallyneedsagoodhistoryteachertohelphim.A．Mr.Whiteisaniceteacher.Heteacheshistoryatschool.Hisclassisinteresting.Ifyouwanttolearnmoreabouthistory,comeandstudywithMr.White.B．Mr.Wangisamathteacher.Heteachesmathverywell.Hemakesmatheasyandfun.Allhisstudentslikehimandhisclasses.C．MissBrownisayoungartteacher.Sheisverybeautifulandkind.Sheispopularwithherstudentsinherschool.D．MissZhuisapopularPEteacher.Sheisgoodatmanysports.Therearealwaysalotoffungamesinherclass.E.DoyouwanttolearnEnglishwell?DoyouwanttospeakEnglishwell?Mr.Blackcanhelpyou.HecanspeakEnglishwell.F.Mr.ZhangisaChineseteacher.HeteachesChineseverywell,butheisstrictwithhisstudents.G.Areyouinterestedinphysicsworld?MaybeMr.Chencanhelpyou.Heisapopularphysicsteacher.Heusuallytellssomeinterestingstoriesaboutphysicstohisstudents.二、任务型阅读Areyouboredofordinarybirthdayparties?Whynottryanoutdoorone?Here’resomebirthdaypicnicideasforyou!★Youcanhavethepartyatapark,ashadyspot(阴凉处)byalake,orjustinyourownbackyard.★Thedecorations(装饰品)andcakeforthepartycanbeplannedaroundatopic.Itcanbeafavoritemovie,abookorevenacolor.★Layoutpicnictableclothsandputabasketinthecenterofeachtablecloth.Fillthebasketswithsnacksanddrinks.★Flowersarealwaysahit!Youcanuseflowersandballoonstodecorateatreeswingandmakeitaprettyplace