2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题一阅读理解第四讲词句猜测题-上下语境觅答案

第四讲词句猜测题——上下语境觅答案一、题型特点需了解[题型分析]词句猜测题是高考阅读理解的常考题型，这类题型针对语篇中一些关键性的单词、短语或句子进行设问，要求考生猜测其含义。这些需要猜测的单词、短语或句子往往与上下文有紧密的逻辑关系，文章中往往会提供和这些词句相关的定义解释、提示词或句子结构等，考生做题时要善于寻找并捕捉这些隐性提示，并关联上下文意进行猜测。这类题型主要考查单词或短语词义、句意理解和代词指代。[选项特征]1．正确选项特征(1)含义和其字面意思没有任何关系；(2)上下文逻辑通顺；(3)与原句意思最接近；(4)代入原文，最为得体。2．干扰选项特征(1)与所考词汇形似；(2)如果考的是熟词、旧词，含有常规词义或本来含义的往往是错误选项；(3)解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。二、方法技巧要知晓题型一词句猜测题在文章中，任何一个单词、短语或句子都不是孤立存在的，它总要通过上下文和文章其他内容有着紧密的联系，通过这些联系可以猜测出单词、短语或句子的意思。有时作者在阐述某人、某物或某一现象的特点时，先是一般地或概括性地说一下，然后再作具体的说明或解释；或者反过来，先进行具体的阐述，然后再归纳、总结。如果学生能抓住作者的思路，就能从那些具体的说明、解释或归纳中找出猜词或句的线索。锁定语句前后寻找，充分利用上下文语境是解题关键。[典例1](2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读D片段)Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代码)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades'professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.32．Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inthisparagraphprobablymean?A．Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated.B．Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C．Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent.D．Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.[解析]第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词thephrase“Inthewronghands”和inthisparagraph。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文本段第一句中的but及其后部分可知，坎贝尔有二十多年的专业经验，她能将令人头晕的东西转化为容易理解的东西。利用逻辑关系猜测词义，画线短语指的应该是如果换一个学术能力不如坎贝尔的人来写这本书。第三步：比对选项得出答案。[答案]C技法点拨：1．“语法关系”猜词义[典例2](2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C片段)Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A．Clear-up. B．Add-on.C．Check-in. D．Take-over.[解析]第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词underlinedword“declutter”和paragraph3。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第三段中的“Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.”可知，画线词的下一句就是对thedigitaldeclutter的解释，根据下文中的stepawayfrom可知，画线词意为“清除、清理”。第三步：比对选项得出答案。[答案]A技法点拨：2．“逻辑关系”猜词义[典例3]“ThisisoneofthemostcreativeandvaluabletechnologiesthatI'veseenasafarmer，”saidJamesJohnsonofCarzaliaFarminastatement,whohasusedCarbonRobotics'technologyonhisfarm.“Iexpecttherobotstogomainstreambecauseofhoweffectivelytheyaddresssomeoffarming'smostcriticalissues,includingtheoveruseofchemicals,processefficiency,andlabor.Theskyisthelimit.”It'snosurprisethatthe2021modeloftheAutonomousWeederhasalreadysoldout,evenconsideringitspricetagwhichwasquotedat“hundredsofthousandsofdollars”．Thede-weedingmethodoftherobotisCertifiedOrganicandinlinewithregenerativefarmingpractices.Cost-effectiveweedcontrolisthebiggestbarriertoentrywithorganicfarming,andagriculturalistslookingtomaketheswitchfinallyhaveanalternativetohelpthemgettheirvegetablesouttopeople.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Theskyisthelimit.”meaninparagraph4?A．Therobotswon'tspreadwidely.B．Theinventionisverypromising.C．Theweederaddresseslimitedissues.D．Thetechnologyneedsfurtherimprovement.[解析]第一步：阅读题干，寻找关键词theunderlinedsentence“Theskyisthelimit.”和paragraph4。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第四段中的“It'snosurprisethatthe2021modeloftheAutonomousWeederhasalreadysoldout,evenconsideringitspricetagwhichwasquotedat‘hundredsofthousandsofdollars’．”可知，该除草机非常实用，2021款除草机已经卖完，该句是对画线句的进一步解释说明，由此可知，画线句应意为“这项发明很有前景”。第三步：比对选项得出答案。[答案]B技法点拨：3．“语境吻合”猜句意题型二代词指代题在文章中，为了避免语意的重复，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。代词多是it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答这类题目的时候要遵循“就近原则”，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等，当然有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能找出代词所指代的事物。[典例4](2024·浙江卷1月阅读B片段)Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions(试演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”．24．Whatdoestheword“it”underlinedinthefirstparagraphreferto?A．Theplay. B．Thesharedhouse.C．Thesofa. D．Thetelephonebox.[解析]第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词theword“it”和underlinedinthefirstparagraph。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文本段第五句。根据“就近原则”和代词所指代的内容一般出现在前面的句子中，且it表单数概念可知，此处指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，it指代“合租房”，代入原文，符合句意。第三步：比对选项得出答案。[答案]B技法点拨：A体裁主题语境难度记叙文拾荒老人收集书籍★★★☆☆(2024·梅州二模)Asecond-gradeeducationhasnotstoppedgarbagecollectorJoseGutierrez.HeisbringingthegiftofreadingtothousandsofColombianchildren.Gutierrezstartedsavingbooksfromthetrash27yearsago.Hewasdrivingagarbagetruckatnightthroughthecountry'sricherneighborhoods.Thebooksthatwerethrownawayslowlypiledup.Nowthegroundfloorofhissmallhouseisacommunitylibrary.Itisstacked(堆放)fromfloortoceiling.Theyrangefromchemistrytextbookstochildren'sclassics.Booksareluxuriesforboysandgirlsinlow-incomeneighborhoods.Newreadingmaterialatbookstoresistooexpensive.Thereare19publiclibrariesinBogota,acityof8.5millionpeople.Butthelibrariestendtobelocatedfarawayfrompoorerareas.“Theyshouldbeinallneighborhoodsandoneachcornerofeveryneighborhood，”the60-year-oldsays.“Bookscansaveus.ThatiswhatColombianeeds.”Gutierrezhasaloveofreading,whichcomesfromhismother.Shealwaysreadtohimeventhoughshewastoopoortokeephiminschool.GutierrezisakeenreaderofworksbyauthorssuchasLeoTolstoyandVictorHugo.HisfavoritebooksincludeOneHundredYearsofSolitudeandTheGeneralinHisLabyrinthbyColombia'sNobelPrize-winningnovelistGabrielGarciaMarquez.ThefirstbookGutierrezfoundwasacopyoftheclassicnovelAnnaKarenina.TheTolstoybookwaslaterjoinedbyTheLittlePrince,Sophie'sWorld,TheIliadandanumberofnovels.Today,hehascollectedaround25，000books.Now,Gutierrezstilllooksthroughtherubbishforadditionstohislibrary,named“TheStrengthofWords”.HisfameasColombia's“LordoftheBooks”hashelpedalot.Ithasbroughthimthousandsofdonatedbooks.Hehassentmanytootherlibrariesaroundthecountry.Moreover,GutierrezhastraveledtobookfairsinMexicoandChiletosharehisexperienceofstartingalibrarywiththebooksthatarethrownaway.Gutierrezsayshedoesn'trejecttechnologythatallowsbookstobereaddigitally.Buthepreferstoreadtheprintedwordsonpaper.“Thereisnothingmorebeautifulthanhavingabookinyourpocket,inyourbagorinsideyourcar.”【语篇解读】文章讲述了60岁的拾荒者约瑟·古铁雷斯二十多年来，一直将垃圾中的书籍保留下来并提供给哥伦比亚的孩子们的故事。1．HowoldwasGutierrezwhenhestartedsavingbooksfromthetrash?A．Inhistwenties. B．Inhisthirties.C．Inhisforties. D．Inhisfifties.B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Gutierrezstartedsavingbooksfromthetrash27yearsago.”和第三段中的“the60-year-oldsays”可知，古铁雷斯三十几岁时开始从垃圾桶里捡书。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inparagraph3referto?A．Luxurybooks. B．Garbagetrucks.C．Publiclibraries. D．Poorareas.C代词指代题。根据画线词所在句的前两句可知，画线词They指代上文的publiclibraries。3．WhatdidthebookAnnaKareninameantoGutierrez?A．Thebeginningofhischarityproject.B．Awindowtotheworld.C．Oneofhisgreatestachievementsinlife.D．Somecomfortindifficulttimes.A推理判断题。根据第四段后三句可知，《安娜·卡列尼娜》是古铁雷斯收集的第一本书，之后他又收集了大约25000本书。由此可推知，这本书对古铁雷斯来说意味着他慈善事业的开始。4．WhichofthefollowingsayingsdoesGutierrez'sstoryleadustobelieve?A．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B．Agoodbookcanshinealightuponthesoul.C．Oneman'strashisanotherman'streasure.D．Thepalestinkisbetterthanthebestmemory.C推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了60岁的拾荒者约瑟·古铁雷斯二十多年来，一直将垃圾桶中的书籍保留下来并提供给哥伦比亚低收入家庭的孩子们的故事，由此可推知，古铁雷斯的故事让我们相信“一个人的垃圾可能是另一个人的财富”。B体裁主题语境难度说明文激发孩子的慷慨★★★★☆(2024·合肥二模)Researcherssetupanexperimentinwhich5-year-oldsweretestedwiththeirfellowsunderdifferentcircumstancesoftransparency(透明)anddifferentaudiences.Theysetupastickermachinethatinsomesettingswastransparent,andothersettingsinwhichonlythegiverofstickersknewhowmanystickershecouldgive.Theyhadchildrengiveoutstickersinbothsettings.Theresultswerestriking:Childrenwereconsistentlygenerousonlywhenthereceiverandaudienceofthestickerswerefullyawareofthedonationoptions.Childrenwerenotablyungenerouswhenthereceiverofstickerscouldn'tseetheoptions.Theresearcherssaid,“Childrenonlyshowedconsistentlypro-socialbehaviorinourstudyintheconditionwhentheycouldseethereceiverandtheirallocations(分配物)werefullyvisible;inallotherconditions,childrenwerestatisticallyungenerous,givingthereceiverthesmalleramountofstickers.”Theymadetheconclusionsthatataveryearlyage,childrenarelearninghowtopositionthemselvessocially.Wellbeforetheyapprehendthesociologyoftheirnetworksandwhatsocialreputationreallymeans,theythinkstrategicallyaboutgivingasafunctionofhowtheycangainareputationwithapeerasagenerouscitizenorpro-socialagentwhenthereceiverobservesthem.Childrenchangetheirbehaviorinresponsetohavinganaudience.Helpchildrengivetoothersinfullview,deliveringmealstofamilies,andinprivate,droppingofftreatsorsurprisesforthosewhoneedsupportwithoutsigningtheirnames.Also,childrenshouldberemindedthatthank-younotesarelovelybutunnecessarytoreceive.Whenwegivegiftsorlendhelptoothers,trytohelpchildrenrememberwhytheyshouldprovidesomethingforanother.Itreallydoesn'thavetoberecognized.Whenathank-youcarddoesn'tcome,itdoesn'tmakeagiftanylessvaluableormeaningfulforthosewhowereluckyenoughtoreceive.【语篇解读】研究表明，当别人意识到孩子的捐赠行为时，孩子会更慷慨。文章介绍了这一研究结果并就如何从小培养慷慨提出了建议。5．Whatdidtheresearchersdiscover?A．Thegivers'behaviorgreatlyinspiredthereceiverstohelpinreturn.B．Thechildrengaveoutanequalnumberofstickersinbothsettings.C．Thepresenceofanaudienceaffectedchildren'sdecisionstogive.D．Donatinghelpedchildrentobecomemoregenerousinthefuture.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Childrenwereconsistentlygenerous...whenthereceiverofstickerscouldn'tseetheoptions.”可知，研究人员发现观众的存在影响了孩子们所做的决定。6．Whichispro-socialbehavioraccordingtotheresearchers?A．Observingthegivers.B．Donatingmorestickers.C．Gainingareputation.D．Receivingmoreallocations.B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Childrenonlyshowedconsistentlypro-socialbehavior...werefullyvisible”可知，研究人员认为捐赠更多贴纸是亲社会行为。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“apprehend”inparagraph3mean?A．Share. B．Predict.C．Confirm. D．Understand.D词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Theymadetheconclusionsthat...positionthemselvessocially.”及画线词后的“thesociologyoftheirnetworksandwhatsocialreputationreallymeans”可知，孩子们早在他们理解网络的社会学以及社会声誉的真正含义之前就在学习如何在社会上定位自己。apprehend意为“理解”。8．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Tosuggestrecognizingothers'kindness.B．Toacknowledgethegiver'scontribution.C．Toconfirmthebenefitsofbeinggrateful.D．Toadviseinspiringgenerosityinchildren.D写作意图题。根据最后一段内容可知，最后一段就从小培养孩子的慷慨提出建议。专题强化练(十一)A(2024·南京二模)Asanycatownerwilltellyou,talkingtoyourcatistotallynormal.Andeventhoughfeline(猫)friendsmayseemdistanttotheseadoringtalks,anewstudyinAnimalCognitionsuggeststheyarereallylistening.ResearchersinFranceexposedhousecatstorecordingsoftheirownerorastrangersayingphrasesincat-orhuman-directedspeech—Likebabytalk,cat-directedspeechistypicallyhigherpitchedwithshort,repetitivephrases.Theteamfoundthatfelinestendedtoreacttotheirownerspeakingincat-directedspeech—butnottotheirownerspeakinginadulttonesortoastrangerusingeitheradult-orcat-directedspeech.Previousresearchhadshownsimilarfindingsindogs,butmuchlessisknownwhenitcomestocats.“Somepeoplestillconsidercatsindependent—youcannothavearealrelationshipwithcats，”saysleadstudyauthorCharlotteMouzon,acatbehavioristattheUniversityofParisNanterre.Somepeoplemightbeembarrassedaboutusingspecialvocalizationsforcats,shesays,butthisresearchshows“peopleshouldn'tbeashamed”．Mouzonandherteamrecorded16catownerssayingsuchas“Doyouwanttoplay？”or“Doyouwantatreat？”incat-andhuman-directedspeech.Thentheyfilmedeachcatbefore,duringandafterplayingitaseriesofrecordingsofitsownerandotherowners'speech.Theresearchersusedsoftwaretoratethecats'reactionsfrommultipledimensions,makingtheresultmoreconvincing.“Althoughcatshaveareputationforignoringtheirowners,agrowingbodyofresearchindicatesthatcatspaycloseattentiontohumans，”saysKristynVitale,acatbehaviorscientistatUnityCollegeinMaine,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Catscanlearnthatspecificspeechhascertainmeanings.”Butshenotesthestudyistoosmallandthatfutureworkisneededtoexpandtheresearchtoothercatpopulations.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，该研究认为和宠物猫用特殊语调说话是有效的，会受到宠物猫关注。1．Accordingtoparagraph2,whatdohousecatsrespondobviouslyto?A．Theowner'scat-directedtone.B．Astranger'shuman-directedtalks.C．Astranger'scat-directedrecordings.D．Theowner'shuman-directedspeech.A细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，宠物猫对主人的猫式语气反应明显。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vocalizations”meaninparagraph3?A．Strategies. B．Trainings.C．Sounds. D．Rhymes.C词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，本文介绍的研究内容与人对猫说话的语气有关，结合画线词所在句语境可知，此处指有些人可能会因对猫使用特殊的声音感到尴尬，画线词的意思为“声音”。3．WhatmakesMouzon'sfindingsmorereliable?A．Continuousfilmingofcats'responses. B．Comprehensiveanalysesbackedbysoftware.C．Multi-dimensionalevaluationsofcats'habits. D．Furtherreferencetopreviousstudiesondogs.B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Theresearchersusedsoftware...makingtheresultmoreconvincing.”可知，该研究有计算机软件支持，从多方面对猫的反应进行了综合分析，这使得穆宗的研究更加可靠。4．WhatisthelimitationofMouzon'sresearch?A．Lackofsampletypes.B．Absenceofowners'support.C．Absenceofscientifictools.D．Lackofexperts'involvement.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Butshenotesthestudyistoosmallandthatfutureworkisneededtoexpandtheresearchtoothercatpopulations.”可知，虽然试验对猫有一定参考意义，但未来的研究还需要拓宽样本的数量和种类。B(2024·东阳5月模拟)Dr.TamaraScully,apsychologistwhoworkswithchildren,youngpeopleandadults,shareshowgrandparentscanhelpchildren'swell-being.Itisdifficulttosearchfortheanswertothemainmentalhealthchallengesfacingchildren.Overthepasttwoyears,therehasbeenanincreaseinchildandadolescentmentalhealthdifficulties.Inparticular,therehasbeenasignificantincreaseinanxietyandeatingdisorders.Youngpeoplearealsoreportingamuchhigherlevelofsolitude(孤独),whichmayarisefromspendingtoomuchtimeoncellphones,televisionsandcomputers.Allthesewilldeeplyaffecthowtheybehaveintheirdailylife.Andit'sabsolutelynormalforyoungpeopletomoveupanddownthementalhealthcurve(曲线).“Wegetconcernedwhenwenoticebigchangesintheirbehaviorthatdon'tpassinafewweeks.Forexample,grandchildrenstopmeetingfriends,stayintheirbedroomorloseinterestinthingstheyusedtoenjoy，”saidScully.Sowhatrolecangrandparentsplayinensuringtheirgrandchildren'swell-being?AccordingtoScully,themostimportantthinggrandparentscanofferissimplythemselves,justbeingthere,listeningandaccepting.There'salovelysayingthatittakesavillagetoraiseachild.Relationshipsarethebiggestpredictorsofhappinessandsuccessthroughoutthewholelife.Strongpositiverelationshipsbuildresilience(抗逆力)inouryoungpeople.Grandparentsshouldalsobepresentandgivetheirtime.Theycangivetheirtimedirectlytotheirgrandchildrenandtotheirownchildren.Aparentwhoisallowedtimetorefuelwillshowupasabetterparent.Theycanhelptheirgrandchildrenbybeingontheirteamandsittingwiththemwhentimesaretough.Allchildrenbenefitfromsomethingcalledrelationalwealthandthisisagrandparent'smostimportantcontributiontothegrowthoftheiryoungergenerations.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了祖父母在确保孙辈幸福方面如何发挥作用。5．Whydoyoungpeoplesufferfromincreasingloneliness?A．Theyhavelessnon-screentime.B．Theypreferenjoyingvarioustake-out.C．Theyfailtoconqueremotionaldisorders.D．Theyconcentratemoreonupsthandowns.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Youngpeoplearealsoreportingamuchhigherlevelofsolitude...televisionsandcomputers.”可知，越来越多的年轻人感到孤独是由于他们花费太多时间在手机、电视和电脑上，因此，他们拥有更少的非屏幕时间。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph4mean?A．Childrenshouldformgreatresilience.B．Childrenshouldlearntopredicttheirsuccess.C．Childrenshouldbebroughtupbyallvillagers.D．Childrenshouldgrowupinaharmoniousrelationship.D句意猜测题。根据画线句下文“Relationshipsarethebiggestpredictors...buildresilienceinouryoungpeople.”可知，此处是描述人际关系对于确保孙辈幸福的积极意义，由此可推知，画线句意为“孩子应该在一个和谐的关系中成长”。7．WhatistheattitudeofScullytowardlisteningtograndchildren?A．Disapproved. B．Favorable.C．Tolerant. D．Skeptical.B观点态度题。根据第四段中的“AccordingtoScully,themostimportant...listeningandaccepting.”可知，斯库利认为祖父母能提供给孙辈的最重要的东西就是他们自己，只要在那里、倾听和接受(就可以)，由此可推知，斯库利对于倾听孙辈持支持态度。8．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Howtoaccepttheyouthoftoday.B．Howtobeaqualifiedgrandparent.C．Howtohelpgrandchildren'swelfare.D．Howtotacklethementalhealthchallenges.C主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段内容可知，本文介绍了祖父母在确保孙辈幸福方面如何发挥作用，C项能够总结文章大意。C(2024·南京师大附中一模)OnJanuary7,DavidBennettwentintotheoperatingroomattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenterforasurgicalprocedureneverperformedbeforeonahuman.The57-year-oldMarylandresidenthadbeenhospitalizedformonthsduetoalifethreateningdisease.Hisheartwasfailinghimandheneededanewone.Bennett'sconditionlefthimunresponsivetotreatmentandineligible(不合格)forthetransplant(移植)listoranartificialheartpump.Thephysician-scientistsatthecenter,however,hadanother—alsorisky—option:transplantaheartfromagenetically-modifiedpig.“Itwaseitherdieordothistransplant，”Bennetthadtoldsurgeonsadaybeforetheoperation.“Iwanttolive.Iknowit'sashotinthedark,butit'salsomylastchoice.”Ittookthemedicalteameighthourstofinishtheoperation,makingBennettthefirsthumantosuccessfullyreceiveapig'sheart.“It'sworkinganditlooksnormal.Wearethrilled,butwedon'tknowwhattomorrowwillbringus.Thishasneverbeendonebefore，”BarkleyGriffith,wholedthetransplantteam,toldtheNewYorkTimes.Whileit'sonlybeenfivedayssincetheoperation,thesurgeonssaythatBennett'snewpigheartwas,sofar,functioningasexpectedandhisbodywasn'trejecting(排斥)theorgan.Theyarestillmonitoringhisconditionclosely.“Ithinkit'sextremelyexciting，”saysRobertMontgomery,atransplantsurgeonanddirectoroftheNYULangoneTransplantInstitute,whowasnotinvolvedinBennett'soperation.TheresultoftheprocedurewasalsopersonallymeaningfulforMontgomery,whoreceivedahearttransplantin2018duetoageneticdiseasethatmayalsoaffectmembersofhisfamilyinthefuture.“It'sstillintheearlydays,butstilltheheartseemstobefunctioning.Andthatinandofitselfisanextraordinarything.Uptonowmostexperimentalhearttransplantprocedureshavebeendonebetweenpigsandotheranimals.Thisisthefirsttimethatsurgeonshavetakenitintoalivinghuman.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了全球首个成功地将猪心移植到活人体内的手术案例。9．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“ashotinthedark”inparagraph3mean?A．Somethingthatcostsafortune.B．Somethingimpossibletosucceed.C．Somethingdrawingpublicattention.D．Somethingwithanuncertainoutcome.D词义猜测题。根据画线短语上文“Itwaseitherdieordothistransplant”可推知，班尼特不确定手术是否成功。由此可推知，画线短语ashotinthedark的意思是“结果不确定的事情”。10．WhatisBarkleyGriffith'sattitudetoBennett'spost-operationcondition?A．Negative. B．Cautious.C．Optimistic. D．Uncaring.B推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Wearethrilled,butwedon'tknowwhattomorrowwillbringus.”及第五段中的“Theyarestillmonitoringhisconditionclosely.”可推知，巴克利·格里菲斯对班尼特的术后情况十分谨慎。11．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Theheateddebateoverthepighearttransplant.B．DavidBennett'scontributiontomedicalresearch.C．Thefirstexperimentalpighearttransplantintheworld.D．Thefirstsuccessfulpighearttransplantintoalivinghuman.D主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了全球首个成功地将猪心移植到活人体内的手术案例。12．Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythispassageappear?A．PoliticalAffairs. B．GlobalEntertainment.C．Sci-TechFront. D．FinancialWindow.C文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了全球首个成功地将猪心移植到活人体内的手术案例。由此可推知，这篇文章也许会出现在杂志的科技前沿部分。专题强化练(十二)A(2024·浙江6月适应性考试)Duringmyfirstyearincollege,Iwassilent.Iwastooafraidofsayingsomethingwrong.IdeclaredareligionmajorasasophomoreandtookaclassfromBarbara,ayoungtheologian.MymindwassplitopenbyarangeofnewthinkersandwritersandbythequalityofBarbara'squestions,Ifinallyhadsomethingtosayandtheenergytosayit.IwasafrequentvisitorduringBarbara'sofficehours,arocketofwords.Shelistenedandcalmlyresponded,aperfectcontrasttomyfeverishramblings.Ilovedwhatshesawinme,whichwasarangeofabilitiesIhadneverseeninmyself.Inthefollowingyears,ourrelationshipgraduallydeepened,butIwasalwaysconsciousofateacher-studentdynamic.ThischangedfundamentallywhenIbecameaparent.IhadmysoninMarch2010,andBarbarawasoneofthefirsttocongratulateme.When,ninemonthslater,mychildwasdiagnosedwithTay-Sachsdisease,arareandalwaysterminalillnesswithnotreatmentandnocure,shesentmealetter-handwrittenonawhitelegalpad.Forthenexttwoandahalfyears,Barbarawrotemeregular,sometimesweekly,letters,remarkablelettersthatwererevealing,loving,andkind.Theletterwrittenrightbeforemysondied,whenhewasthree,wasthemostpersonalandperhapsthemostprofound.“Ithinkhe'smadeyoubetterbyopeningupthegreatfireofyourlove，”shewrote,“withhissmallbutmagnificentexistence.”Ihaveneverinmylifereadamoredeeplycomfortingsentence,onethatspoketomygrandesthopes,mydeepestfears,andtheonlyfaiththatremainstome,whichisabeliefinchaos.Ourlovehadbloomedanddeepenedfromaguardedmutualrespecttoaricher,deeperfriendship.Mentorsaremeanttoleadthoseintheirchargeintofreshunderstanding,helpthemsortandfilternewexperiences,assistintheprojectofmakingsenseoutofthechaosthatinhumanlife.Mentorsobserveandaccompanythedarkestdespair,thewildestsorrow,andthemostunexpectedjoy.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了导师对作者的鼓舞和帮助的故事，从而表达了自己对导师深深的感激之情。1．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A．Theauthortooktheclassbecausesheexcelledintheology.B．TherelationshipbetweenBarbaraandtheauthorchangedsignificantlybeyondateacher-studentmode.C．TheauthorwasafrequentvisitortoBarbara'shomeafterworkinghours.D．Barbara'speacefulexteriorwasacontrasttotheauthor'soverexcitedtalk.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Shelistenedandcalmlyresponded,aperfectcontrasttomyfeverishramblings.”可知，芭芭拉平静的答复与作者激动的话语形成了对比。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inparagraph3referto?A．ThewayBarbaratreatedherstudents. B．Thefactthattheauthorkeptsilentinclass.C．Theroleoftheauthorasacollegestudent. D．TherelationshipbetweenBarbaraandtheauthor.D代词指代题。根据画线词上一段最后一句“Inthefollowingyears,ourrelationshipgraduallydeepened,butIwasalwaysconsciousofateacher-studentdynamic.”可知，作者一直感受到自己和芭芭拉之间的师生情。由此可推知，画线词This指的正是两人之间的关系。3．WhattransformedtherelationshipbetweenBarbaraandtheauthorfromamutualrespecttoadeeperfriendship?A．Barbara'seffortstosolvetheproblem.B．Barbara'ssympathyshownintheletter.C．Theauthor'sin-depthunderstandingofBarbara.D．Barbara'scongratulationsonthebirthoftheauthor'sson.B细节理解题。根据第四段内容尤其是最后一句“Ourlovehadbloomedanddeepenedfromaguardedmutualrespecttoaricher,deeperfriendship.”可知，芭芭拉在信中所表现出来的同情使得两人之间的关系从互相尊重变成了更深层次的友谊。4．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofBarbara?A．Demandinganddedicated.B．Responsibleandreasonable.C．Insightfulandinspiring.D．Aggressiveandambitious.C推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，芭芭拉的问题触动了作者的思想，由此可推知，芭芭拉很有见解；根据第四段第三句可知，芭芭拉的信令人宽慰，由此可推知，芭芭拉很会鼓舞人。B(2024·潮州质检)Severalyearsago,acousinIhadlosttouchwithsinceIwasateenagerdroppedbymyhouse.Atthelivingroomentrance,hestoppedindeadsilence,hiseyesfixedonthebookshelvescoveringtheentirebackwall.“Haveyoureadthemall？”heaskedme,almostfrightened.“Yes，”Isaid，“justabout.”Heshookhisheadinsilence,asifthiswasafeat(技艺)thathaddemandedsomeeffort.Asforhim,hehadhadtoleaveschoolatfourteen,workingwhereverhecould.Hisfamilydidnothavebooks.IonlyeverrecalledseeingthecomicbookTarzanlyingaroundonthetable.Ioftenrecallthisscenewithmycousinwithunease.Ithidesanotherviolentone.Iwasbetweenfifteenandeighteenyearsold.Imusthaveblamedmyfatherfor“notbeinginterestedinanything”，forreadingonlyParis-Normandie,thelocalnewspaper.Usuallysocalmandtolerantregardingtherudenessofhisonlydaughter,herepliedseriously，“Booksaregoodforyou.Butasforme,Idon'tneedthemtolive.”Thesewordsstretchacrosstime,fixedinsideme,likeapainandanunbearablereality.Iunderstoodverywellwhatmyfathermeant.ReadingAlexanderDumas,Flaubert,Camuswouldnothaveservedanypracticalpurposeinhisworkasacafeowner.Ontheotherhand,inthefuturehehopedforme,hevaguelyknewthatbooksheldweight,andthattheyformedpartofadefiningpackage—“culturalbaggage”—thatincludedthetheatre,theoperaandwintersports—asuperiorsocialworld.Iunderstoodallthatanditwasunacceptable.Irefusedtothinkthattheworldofbookswouldstayforeverclosedtothehumanbeingwhowasdearesttome.AsIthinkaboutreasonsforreading,myfather'swordscomebacktomeinsistently,likeapersonalandunsolvablecontradiction.No,toreadisnottolivebutIhavealwayslivedwithbooks.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文章中回忆了几年前她的堂兄知道她差不多读完整面墙的书后非常吃惊的场景，以及作者与父亲在阅读这一问题上的分歧并表达了自己的看法。5．Whatdoesparagraph1tellusabouttheauthor?A．Herhavingreadmanybooksamazedhercousin.B．Hercousinquitschoolearlyandhadnobooksatall.C．Shecompletelyfinishedreadingthebooksontheshelves.D．Hercousinwasfrightenedtodeathuponseei