2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题四语法填空第二讲词形转换课件

第二讲词形转换词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重要考查点。在解答此类题目时，一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，前面可能会有冠词、形容词或者形容词性物主代词修饰；动词作谓语与非谓语；形容词作表语或作定语修饰名词；副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。二要根据标志词及语境确定比较等级。三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。如何判定是否考查词形转换[典例呈现](2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Thelatestengineeringtechniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective57._________(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.Thedesignfeaturestensteel“sepals(萼片)”madeofglassandaluminium(铝).functional[解析]

第一步：确定是否考查词形转换。提示词为名词，空处与protective并列，修饰空后的名词structure，因此应考虑词形转换。第二步：确定转换形式。根据语境及句子结构可知，空处应用形容词形式。[技法点拨]第一步：确定是否考查词形转换提示词为形容词、副词、名词或代词时，要考虑词形转换；提示词为动词，如果该动词在句中既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动词词形转换。第二步：确定转换形式根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析，最终确定正确的词性转换形式，确保名词单复数形式正确，副词、形容词比较等级形式转换正确。考法1动词的词形转换提示词为动词，如果该动词在句中既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动词词形转换。动词转换成名词还是形容词，则要根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析。[试做经典]1．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Incoldweather,thestructurestays_________(close)toprotecttheplants.closed

考查形容词。空前的stays作系动词，空处作表语，表示“关闭的”，应用形容词closed。closed2．(2024·全国甲卷)Theyallagreedandvowed(承诺)topromotetheideaatthe____________(complete)oftheirjourney.completion

考查名词。根据前面的the和后面的of可知，空处应用名词completion。completion3．(2024·浙江卷1月)Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe_________(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.Consumersprefermoneyoffindividualitems.criticism

考查名词。提示词为动词，根据空前的定冠词the及空后的定语从句“thattheyleadtowaste”可知，空处应作becauseof的宾语，空处应用名词形式。criticism4．(2024·淄博一模)However,thestablewatersourceensuresa_________(sustain)watersupplytothespring.sustainable

考查形容词。设空处在a与名词watersupply之间，应用形容词，作前置定语。sustainable5．(2024·青岛二模)Withaknife,thread,andtoothpicks,hethenrefinesitandeventuallycreatesalifelikeandvisually_________(strike)doughsculpture.striking

考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词doughsculpture，应用形容词作定语。striking6．(2024·镇江考前保温卷)DifferentfromotherpartsofChina,thethemesexpressedinMiaoembroidery(刺绣)areshowy,____________(imagine),andoftenbasedonfolklores(民俗).imaginative

考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子的表语，形容苗绣的主题，应用形容词，imagine的形容词形式为imaginative，意为“富有想象力的”，符合句意。imaginative7．(2024·湛江一模)Theyeitherserveasa_________(remind)ofpeople'soldchildhoodflavors,orrelatetofestivaltraditionsandnostalgic(怀旧的)memories.reminder

考查名词。根据空前的a和句意可知，空处应用名词，所给词remind的名词形式为reminder，意为“提醒物，引起回忆的事物”，符合句意。reminder8．(2024·广东2月大联考)Justunderthat“cut”liesQinglongqiaorailwaystation,whichhaswitnessedthe_______________(develop)ofrailinChina.development

考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the可知，空处应用名词。development[技法点拨]1．如何判断填形容词(1)作定语，修饰名词或复合不定代词；(2)作表语，表主语的性质或状态；(3)作主语补足语，补充说明主语；(4)作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语；(5)作状语，说明主语的状态或心理感受。常见后缀例词-ableacceptable、adaptable、adjustable、affordable等-ed/-ingconfused、worried、exciting、encouraging等-iveimpressive、instructive、appreciative、

progressive等-ful/-lessdoubtful、forgetful、thankful、hopeless、stainless等2．如何判断填名词(1)作表语，表明主语是“什么”，说明主语的身份、特征；(2)作主语、同位语或及物动词(短语)或介词(短语)的宾语；(3)作定语，说明被修饰词的材料、功能、时间、地点、内容、类别。常见后缀例词-mentdevelopment、achievement、argument、movement、amazement等-ion/-tion/-ationrelation、addiction、intention、determination、transportation、communication等常见后缀例词-ingmeeting、greeting、drawing、painting、parking、writing等-er/-or/-arwaiter、travel(l)er、farmer、worker、teacher、reporter、sailor、survivor、liar、beggar等-ance/-enceassistance、importance、performance、existence、acceptance等-alsurvival、arrival、approval、refusal、proposal等考法2名词的词形转换名词的变化主要包括名词变复数、名词的词形变化和名词所有格。[试做经典]1．(2024·全国甲卷)Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tendtocatchourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.Theyare_________(treasure)ofAmericanheritage(遗产).treasures

考查名词复数。根据空前的are和空后的of可知，空处应用名词复数，表示它们是美国遗产中的珍宝。treasures2．(2023·全国甲卷)_________(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson'sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.Different

考查形容词。bedifferentfrom是固定短语，意为“与……不同”。此处作状语，应去掉be动词，且空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写。Different3．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Althoughtheycouldneverhavemet,therearecommon_________(theme)intheirworks,saidPaulEdmondson,headofresearchfortheShakespeareBirthplaceTrust.themes

考查名词复数。根据空前的thereare可知，此处应用名词复数themes。themes4．(2023·浙江卷1月)Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedby_________(space)homesandwalledgardens.spacious

考查形容词。空处修饰名词homes，需要用形容词作定语。spacious5．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern_________(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.favourites

考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词included的宾语，前面的modernWestern为定语，所以此处应填名词；根据空后的“suchasrosemary，lavenderandfennel”可知，空处表示复数概念，应用favourites。favourites6．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)“Hesavedmy_________(son)life，”saidMrs.Brown.son's

考查名词所有格。根据句意可知，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应用名词所有格。son's7．(2024·辽宁协作校第一次模拟)Perhapsknittingourbrows,settingourjaws,andnarrowingoureyesintoaserious,focusedordetermined_________(face)expressioncanhelpusperformbetterandeasethestress.facial

考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处为定语修饰名词expression，表示“面部表情”，应用形容词形式。facial8．(2024·青岛二模)Hisworkscenteron_________(hero)ofancientChinesemythsandclassics.heroes

考查名词复数。根据后置定语ofancientChinesemythsandclassics可知，空处的英雄人物不止一个，应用名词的复数形式。heroes9．(2024·福州高级中学适应性训练)WubelievestheGrandCanalisoftencomparedwiththeWestLake,oneofthemostfamousscenic_________(attraction)inHangzhou.attractions

考查名词复数。attraction在此处意为“游览胜地”，为可数名词，又因空前有oneofthemostfamous修饰，所以用名词的复数形式。attractions10．(2024·娄底模拟)Hua'er,whichliterallymeansflowerinChinese,isknownasatypeof“mountainsongs”andhasbeenwildlypopularin_________(China)Qinghai,Gansu,NingxiaandXinjiangforhundredsofyears.China's

考查名词所有格。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，空处需用名词China的所有格形式作定语，修饰后面的名词Qinghai,Gansu,NingxiaandXinjiang，表示所属关系。China's[技法点拨]1．名词的单复数(1)若提示词为名词，则有以下情况时要考虑名词的复数：①有数词或these、those、several、few、many、all、both、various、different等词修饰时用名词的复数形式；②名词前有oneof、among时用名词的复数形式；③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应用名词的复数形式。(2)以o结尾的单词除了两人(Negro、hero)、两菜(tomato、potato)加es外，其余一般加s；(3)单复数同形：Chinese、Japanese、people、sheep、deer、fish等；(4)永远不可数的名词：fun、furniture、information、progress、advice、weather、equipment、homework、luggage/baggage等；(5)特殊变化：man→men、woman→women、tooth→teeth、foot→feet、child→children、mouse→mice等。2．名词转换为形容词

提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。常见后缀例词-ablehonorable、fashionable等-alnatural、musical、national、personal等-fulcolourful、meaningful、useful、careful等-enwooden、woolen、golden、earthen等-ywealthy、

healthy、rainy、sunny等3.名词的所有格

提示词与其后的名词是所属关系，应考虑名词的所有格。(1)单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词，通常在词尾加's；(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词，通常在词尾加'。考法3形容词、副词的词形转换[试做经典]1．(2024·全国甲卷)Twoyearslater，18yearsbeforeWyomingbecameastate,YellowstonebecamethefirstnationalparkintheUnitedStatesandtheworld.Yellowstonewasthe_________(large)UnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,whichbecameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.largest

考查形容词最高级。根据空前的the及句意可知，空处应用形容词最高级，表示“最大的”。largest2．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford'sinternational_________(visible),saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazedtofindtheconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.visibility

考查名词。international是形容词，应修饰名词。visible的名词形式为visibility，表示“知名度”。visibility3．(2023·浙江卷1月)Theterm“hutong”，_________(original)meaning“waterwell”inMongolian,appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty.originally

考查副词。空处修饰动词meaning，应用副词形式。originally4．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoutethat/whichbroughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchofthe_________(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.richness

考查名词。空处跟在定冠词the之后，且空后的ofgardening对空处进行限定，因此应用名词richness。richness5．(2024·江苏决胜新高考5月联考)Accordingtoasurvey,children'saddictiontoonlinegamesiscloselyrelatedtoparent-childrelations:thebettertherelationshipis,the_____________(likely)akidistobeaddictedtoonlinegames.lesslikely

考查比较级。“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”为固定句式，意为“越……，就越……”。根据句意可知，此处应用形容词比较级lesslikely表示“较不可能的”。lesslikely6．(2024·枣庄二模)IhavevisitedmanycitiesinChina,andBeijingistheoneIlove_________(much).most

考查最高级。根据句意可知，此处表示最喜欢北京，应用副词最高级修饰动词love。most7．(2024·苏州考前练习卷)Statisticsshowthattheserieshasgainedaratingof7.9outof10ontheforeignreviewcompanyIMDbandhasaccumulated5millionviewsononeofthe_______________(popular)videoplatformsintheworld.mostpopular

考查最高级。“one＋of＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”为固定结构，空处应用popular的最高级形式mostpopular，意为“最受欢迎的”。mostpopular8．(2024·潮州二模)Thischangeledtofoodbecomingmore_________(easy)available.easily

考查副词。空处修饰后面的形容词available，应用副词形式。easily9．(2024·汕头二模)Firstly,theChinesepeoplework_________(incredible)hard.incredibly

考查副词。空处修饰副词hard，应用副词形式。incredibly10．(2024·岳阳第二次质检)GettingintothespiritofLunarNewYear,thewomansaidherhopefortheYearoftheRabbitis“health,happiness,prosperityandpeaceforeveryone,and_________(equal)foreverybodyandeveryculture...”equality

考查名词。根据句意和连词and可知，空处与名词health,happiness,prosperityandpeace是并列关系，应用名词形式，且equality为抽象名词，不可数。equality11．(2024·张家界二模)Itfoundwider_________(popular)duringtheMingandQingdynastieswhenitwasusedtofendoffdiseases,insects,mosquitoesandpreservepeople'shealth.popularity

考查名词。wider为形容词，后接名词作宾语。popularity[技法点拨]1．形容词、副词的词形转换(1)分析句子结构发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时，应考虑用派生的副词形式或名词形式；(2)若空处作定语、表语，则应考虑用形容词形式；(3)若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑用副词形式；(4)若空处在介词后，则应考虑用名词形式作宾语。2．形容词变副词规律(1)一般形容词变副词直接在其后加ly，如：quick→quickly、anxious→anxiously；(2)以e结尾的形容词一般不去e，直接加ly，如：immediate→immediately、brave→bravely(例外：true→truly)；(3)一些以le结尾的形容词去e加y，如：simple→simply、gentle→gently、possible→possibly(例外：whole→wholly)；(4)“辅音字母＋y”结尾，变y为i，再加ly，如：happy→happily、easy→easily(例外：shy→shyly)；(5)以ic结尾的形容词加ally，如：economic→economically、basic→basically(例外：public→publicly)；(6)以ll结尾的形容词在其后加y，如：full→fully、dull→dully。3．形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级(1)利用标志词确定比较等级①句中有much、far、still、even、rather、alittle、abit、alot、agreatdeal、than等标志词时用比较级；②空后有表示范围的标志词in、of、among等时用最高级。(2)利用固定句型①“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”意为“越……，就越……”；②“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义；③句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较，也需要用比较级或最高级。考法4代词的词形转换[试做经典]1．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Nanxiangaside,thebestxiao

long

baohaveafineskin,allowingthemtobeliftedoutofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyof_________(they)contents.their

考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰空后的名词contents，表示“不会使包子开裂，或者溢出包子里的任何东西”。their2．(2024·全国甲卷)Whatshouldbedonewithsuchabeautifulplace?Theywonderedoutloud.Thisarea,with_________(it)uniqueandbreathtakingnaturalbeauty,mustbewellpreservedforallpeopleofthenationtoenjoy—asanationalpark.its

考查形容词性物主代词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的beauty，应用形容词性物主代词its。its3．(2024·浙江卷1月)Whoknows,perhapssomeofthemoreforward-looking_________(one)mayyetcomeoutwithawholerangeof“justforyou”packsizeswithspecialoffersaswell.ones

考查代词。代词one意为“(在某类人中的)一个”，其前有someof限定修饰，应用one的复数形式。ones4．(2024·郴州三模)Octopuses(章鱼)havetheamazingabilitytohide____________(they)intheirenvironments,usinguniqueorgansintheirskinthatcanshrinkandexpandwithinseconds.themselves

考查代词。当宾语和主语所指相同时，宾语应用反身代词；此处指“章鱼自己”，应用反身代词themselves。themselves5．(2024·厦门质检)Hismotherjokinglyasked_________(he)whetherthesugarwassweet,andhesaid,“Yes,itissweetenough.”him

考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作asked的宾语，应用he的宾格形式him。him6．(2024·安徽名校4月质检)ShaliseLeesfield,a16-year-oldAustralian,devotes_________(she)totheprotectionofthegraynurseshark.herself

考查代词。“devoteoneselfto...”是固定搭配，意为“献身于……；致力于……”，此处用反身代词herself作宾语，与主语ShaliseLeesfield构成互指关系。herself[技法点拨]提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下空处所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。1．若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，则应考虑人称代词的主格形式；2．若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式；3．若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，则应考虑形容词性物主代词；4．若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，则应考虑反身代词。Test1

(2024·杭州二模)It'scommontoseeabarista(咖啡师)createcoffeeart,butit'sawholedifferentballgamedoingthesamethingwithtea.HanZheming,1._________80-year-oldShanghairesident,hasmanaged2._________(perfect)theskill,creatingteaartincups,ordian

cha(点茶)inChinese,whichusedtobearoutineduringtheSongDynasty(960-1279).Overthepastdecades,he3._________(use)teaandspoonstocreatenearly200patterns4._________(base)onancientpaintings.antoperfecthasusedbased

It'salsohisintentiontobringtheoldritualbacktomodernlifeandhavemorepeopleappreciate5._________(it)charm.“Dian

chainmodernbrewingenhancesthetasteoftea，”Hansays.“Itissimilar6._________thefoamontopofacupofcoffee,exceptthatitismadeoftearatherthanmilk.”itsto

Chineseteaculturestartedtoenjoy7._________(popular)duringtheTangDynasty(618-907)andflourishedthroughouttheSongDynasty,8.________teahadbecomeanecessityforalmosteveryone,fromnoblesandscholarstocommonpeople,justlikeotherimportantitems,suchasrice,oilandsalt,assuggestedbySongpoliticianandthinkerWangAnshi.popularitywhen

9．_________(total)differentfromthemethodofbrewingteaduringtheTangperiod,intheSongDynasty,thepopularwayofhavingteawasthroughdian

cha.Theactionofpouringhotwateroverfinepowderedteaiscalleddian,hencethenamedian

cha,which10._________(list)asanintangibleculturalheritageofRunzhoudistrict,Zhenjiangcity,JiangsuProvince,in2019.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“点茶”的历史以及韩喆明是如何完善“点茶”技术和传播“点茶”文化的。Totallywaslisted1．an

考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处泛指一名上海居民，故空处应用不定冠词，“80”的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。2．toperfect

考查固定搭配。managetodosth.为固定搭配，意为“设法做成某事”。3．hasused

考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意和时间状语Overthepastdecades可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语为he，助动词应用has。4．based

考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，故空处应用非谓语动词，“bebasedon...”意为“以……为基础”，patterns和base之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，空处应用过去分词作后置定语。5．its

考查代词。空后charm为名词，应用形容词性物主代词修饰。6．to

考查固定搭配。“besimilarto...”为固定搭配，意为“与……相似”。7．popularity

考查名词。enjoy为动词，后接名词作宾语，popular为形容词，对应的名词为popularity，为不可数名词。8．when

考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为theSongDynasty，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。9．Totally

考查副词。different为形容词，空处应用副词，在句中作状语，注意句首单词首字母大写。10．waslisted

考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意和时间状语in2019可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，句子为which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词dian

cha和list之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态；先行词dian

cha为单数，所以填waslisted。Test2

(2024·玉溪一模)Prihardinni,fromtheIndonesiancityofSurabaya,isamazedathowtraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)1._______________(continue)todevelopsinceshebeganstudyingit.hascontinued

The20-year-oldarrivedinChinain2019andinitiallystudiedChineseintheeasternChinesecityofWuxi.Sheis2._________(current)afreshmanattheGansuUniversityofChineseMedicine,theonlyuniversityinNorthwestChinapermittedtograntadoctoraldegreeinTCM,3._________isamedicalsystemwiththousandsofyearsofhistoryandwidespreadinternational4._________(popular).currentlywhichpopularity

WhenPrihardinni