第01讲-谓语动词(外研版2019选择必修1)(解析版)

第01讲谓语动词复习动词的时态语态的结构和用法。学会正确运用时态语态考点。一、高中常见的几种时态现在过去将来过去将来一般work(s)work(ed)willworkwouldwork进行am/is/areworkingwas/wereworkingwillbeworking完成have/hasdonehaddonewillhavedone完成进行have/hasbeendoing较难理解的几种时态1.过去将来时woulddo：从过去看，在将来会发生的动作Hesaidthathewouldwaitforusuntilwearrived.IthoughtIwouldaccepthisproposal.2.过去进行时was/weredoing：指过去某个时刻正在进行的动作Whatwereyoudoingat2o’clockyesterdayafternoon?Whenhecalledme,Iwashavingdinner.将来进行时willbedoing:指将来某个时刻正在进行的动作Whatwillyoubedoingat10:00tomorrow?Thistimenextweek,I’llbetravellinginBeijing.现在完成时：have/hasdone:表示动作从过去开始，到现在已完成或一直持续到现在Thecoronavirushasspreadaroundsince2019.Thecoronavirushasaffectedourlifeinthepastfewyears.Uptonow,thescientisthasnotfiguredoutthebestwaytobeatthevirus.5.过去完成时haddone:表示在过去某个时刻之前，就已经完成了的动作BythetimeIwenthome,everyonehadgonetobed.Hehadworkedinacompanybeforehecameheretoteach.6.将来完成时willhavedone：表示在将来的某个时刻之前，将会完成的动作BynextSeptember,Iwillhavestayedinthisschoolfor15years.Bytheendofthissummercourse,youwillhavelearnedallthebasicknowledgeforthenewsemester.7.现在完成进行时have/hasbeendoing:强调动作从过去发生，到现在一直还在进行中Wehavebeendiscussingthequestionallthemorning.Ithasbeenrainingforthreehours.谓语动词的被动语态被动语态基本结构：Be动词+及物动词的过去分词(及物动词短语也有被动语态)。Be动词有人称、数和时态的变化1.YouaretaughtEnglishbyIvyeveryday.(一般现在时被动语态)2.YouweretaughtEnglishbyyourformerteachershalfayearago(一般过去时被动语态)3.YouarebeingtaughtEnglishbyIvynow.(现在进行时的被动语态)4.YouwerebeingtaughtEnglishbyyourformerteachersthismomentlastyear.(过去进行时的被动语态)5.YouwillbetaughtbyyourEnglishteacherinthenewschool.(一般将来时被动语态)6.YouhavebeentaughtEnglishbyseveralteachersuptonow.(现在完成时被动语态)7.YouhadbeentaughtEnglishbysomeotherteachersbeforeyoucamehere.(过去完成时被动语态)考点一：一般现在时：时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,考点1：永恒的真理datebackto考点2：“主可将从必现”时间：when,until,after,before,assoonas,once,themoment/theminute,theday;条件：if,unless,provided/providing(that),so/aslongas考点3：suggest,makesure/certainthat,seetoitthat等＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时考点4：the+比较级…,the+比较级…(越……就越……)例1．1.Ilearnedthattheearth_____aroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.（go)2.Ifhe____thejob,hewillgetmoremoneysoon.(accept)3.Solongashe______hard,Idon’tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.(work)4.Theharderyou_____,thebetterresultsyouwillget.(study)5.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic(call)galleriesorrooms.

【答案】arecalled考点二：一般过去时：时间状语：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,long,longago,onceuponatime,etc.例2．ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety___63___(address)theopeningceremony.【答案】addressed考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumthatopenedin1759.

【答案】formedAnd,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood(need).

【答案】wasneededAmy,aswellasherbrothers,(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.

【答案】wasgiven考点三：一般将来时：时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,thedayaftertomorrow,etc考点1：will+v.(原)begoingtodo考点2：某些表示“位置移动”的动词：arrive,come,go,leave,start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。I______forBeijingtomorrow(leave).考点3：祈使句+and/or+陈述句Useyourheadandyou______away(find).句式变换(1)(Giveme)onemorehour,andI’llgettheworkfinished.Moreeffort,andyouwillsucceed.句式变换(2)Givenonemorehour,I’llgettheworkfinished.例3．1._____onthetopofthetowerandyou’llenjoythesceneryofthewholecity.A.StandingB.StandC.TostandD.Stood2._____time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given考点四：现在完成时（重点）：have/hasdone;have/hasbeendone时间状语：inthepast/lastfewyears,lately；recently,just，uptonow,tillnow,sofar,thesedays，for+时间段；since+过去时间点例4．【针对练习】(全国课标I)Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou_______safely.A.arearrivingB.havearrivedC.hadarrivedD.willarrive考点1：It/This/Thatis+序数词+time+that…表示“这是…第几次做某事”考点2：Itistheonly/thebest(worst,mostinteresting)+名词＋that…针对练习:填空:1.It/ThisismyfirsttimethatI_____________China.(visit)2.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmI_____________.(see)3.Thatistheonlybookthathe______________.(write)单项填空:(陕西)Thisisthefirsttimewe__________filminthecinematogetherasafamily.A.seeB.hadseenC.sawD.haveseen考点五：被动语态考查要点英语的语态有两种，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表主语是动作的承受者。此主要讲被动语态。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子中主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象。一般说来，只有及物动词（短语）才有被动语态。汉语常用“被”“受”“给”“遭”“挨”等词来表被动意义。动作执行者一般由介词by引出。被动语态结构为:“助动词be+过去分词+by+动作执行者+with+工具”。被动语态的时态是通过be动词变化的。构成：be/get+过去分词一般完成进行现在am/is/aredonehave/hasbeendoneam/is/arebeingdone过去was/weredonehadbeendonewas/werebeingdone将来shall/willbedoneshall/willhavebeendone过去将来should/wouldbedoneshould/wouldhavebeendone考点1）主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。感官动词：使役动词：Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.___________________________________________________.考点2）Itissaid/reported/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat…“据说/报道…;人们说…”=Sbissaid/reported/…todo/tobedoing/tobedone考点3）不能用被动语态的几种情况。①所有的不及物动词（词组）如：happen,takeplace,breakout等。②表示归属的动词如：have、own、belongto等。考点4）主动形式表被动意义①feel、look、smell、taste、sound作系动词用时；②open、lock、read、sell、write，wash等表示某物本身所具备的某种特性时。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.Thesenovelswon’tsellwell.Mypenwritessmoothly.③want,require,need“需要”+v-ing表示被动④be(well)worthdoing⑤在“be+形容词+todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.另外：betoblame(受谴责)，betorent（出租）考点5）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。beseated坐着Heisseatedonabench.（Heseatshimselfonabench.）belost迷路bedrunk喝醉bedressed穿着Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.例5．【针对练习】（1)Microfibers(微纤维)ofjeans(discover)inwatersamplesinthepast6months.

【答案】havebeendiscovered（2）Thesecombinedletters,whichcouldrepresentthosesoundsandcould(write)down,aredefinedaswords.

【答案】bewritten（3）Theproject(make)upofa22.9-kilometre-longmainbridge,a5.6-kilometre-longtunnelandanartificialislandoffthebridge.

【答案】ismade（4）RestaurantsintheUSareplaceswherepeople(serve)withcoldwater,whichdoesn’thurtanyoneifitisspilledaccidentally.

【答案】areserved（5）It(damage)partlybynaturalforceslikeearthquakes,butthegreatestdamageofallhasbeencausedbyman.

【答案】hasbeendamaged题组一动词时态(2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Henry___42___(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.Hequickly___43___(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.2.(2022年全国甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears.Cao___67___(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’shighestmountain.3.(2022年全国乙卷)ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety___63___(address)theopeningceremony.4.(2020新高考Ⅰ,38)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,_______(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumthatopenedin1759.

5.(2020课标全国Ⅰ,61)TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.

6.(2020课标全国Ⅲ,66)Asheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist,theysmiledand(point)downtheriver.

7.(2020浙江,61)Byabout6000BC,people(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.

8.(2020浙江,65)Newmethods(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.

9.(2020江苏,26)InsteadofgettingdowntoanewtaskasI(expect),heexaminedthepreviousworkagain.

10.(2020天津,2)—Youareagreatswimmer.—Thanks.It’sbecauseI(practise)alotthesedays.

(2020天津,9)Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sand_______(remain)aroundthatleveleversince.

【答案】wasfixing考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的whenheheardthescreams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为wasfixing。故填wasfixing。【答案】threw考查过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的andstarted构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。【答案】haswalked考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语inthelastfiveyears可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填haswalked。【答案】addressed考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。【答案】formed【答案】touched【答案】pointed【答案】haddiscovered【答案】meant【答案】hadexpected【答案】havebeenpractising【答案】hasremained题组二被动语态1.(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP___60___(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(资产)forfuturegenerations”.2.(2020新高考Ⅰ,40)Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic(call)galleriesorrooms.

3.(2020课标全国Ⅰ,67)“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseitmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon(construct).”

4.(2020浙江,59)And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood(need).

5.(2020天津,8)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.

【答案】isdesigned考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语TheGPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填isdesigned。【答案】arecalled【答案】isconstructed【答案】wasneeded【答案】wasgivenB组提升题组语法填空Theadobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest1.(admire)byeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,people2.(impress)withtheadobedwellingsbecauseoftheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.Wallsthat3.(make)ofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheatslowlyduringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,theheat4.(give)outalreadyandwallsarenowcoldenoughtocoolthehouseduringthehotday;atthesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle5.(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.

【答案】1.areadmired2.areimpressed3.aremade4.hasbeengiven5.goes一、语法填空Oceanpollution1.(be)serious.Itcankilloceancreaturesandevenharmhumans.It’svitaltofocusonthisissueandfindwaystopreventpollutioninourwaters.

Pollutionintheoceansseverely2.(harm)seacreatures.Forexample,oceananimalsoftenmistakepiecesofplasticforfood.As3.result,theirbellies4.(fill)withplasticfrombottles,containersandbeachtoys.Thiscanbedeadlytotheanimals.

Oceanpollution5.(cause)riskstohumans,too.Pollutedwatercanresult6.diseaseamongswimmers.Also,peopleeatfishwhichmight7.(poison)withharmfulchemicalsfromoilleaksandrubbishinseawater.

Somepeoplemayarguethatoceanpollutionisnotserious,believingthattheoceansaresovastthattheycanabsorballkindsofpollution.However,themanyexamplesofoceancreatures8.(kill)bypollutionprovethemwrong.

In9.(conclude),it’sclearthatoceanpollutionisa10.(challenge)problem.Weneedtolearnmoreabouthowtostopit.

【答案】1.is2.harms3.a4.arefilled5.causes6.in7.bepoisoned8.killed9.conclusion10.challenging二．完成句子1.(2020新高考Ⅰ)LastSunday,(我们学校举行了)afive-kilometercross-countryrunningrace.

【答案】ourschoolheld2.(2020课标全国Ⅰ)(我们周围有很多人)whoarewellworthrespecting.

【答案】Therearemanypeoplearoundus3.(2020课标全国Ⅲ)Ifpossible,(我们可以和你在你的办公室见面吗)at10a.m.tomorrow?

【答案】shallwemeetyouinyouroffice4.(2020课标全国Ⅱ)Surroundedbygreentrees,thefarm(位于……脚下)thehillnearourschool.

【答案】islocated/liesatthefootof5.(2020课标全国Ⅲ)I(现在写信向你求助)withourshortEnglishplayadaptedfromourEnglishtextbook.

【答案】amwritingtoaskforyourhelp6.(2020课标全国Ⅰ)She(已经取