中档题型高分练(06)阅读理解(C、D篇)+完形填空(解析版)

中档题型高分练（一）阅读理解（C、D篇）+完形填空I.阅读理解CNowyoucanmakepolarbearsyourpenfriends.Firstyouneedtofindone,thentranquilize(使镇静)itandquicklygiveitanecessarytoolbeforeitwakesup.It’sanawkwardfirstencounter—howmanyfriendshipsdoyouknowstartwithtranquilizers?—andadmittedlyaone-sidedcorrespondence,butsoonthey’llbesendingmessagesdaily.Everymorning,JonAars,aseniorresearcherattheNorwegianPolarInstitute,receivesabunchofemailsfromseveralfemalepolarbears,lettinghimknowwheretheyare.Eachyear,Aarsandhiscolleaguesequiparound70polarbearswithatrackingcollar(项圈)whichcontinuouslylogstheirmovement.Onceadaythecollarmakesasatellitecall,sendingthelast24hoursofdatabacktotheInstitute.“Dataabouttheirmovementisveryimportantinunderstandinghowtheymightrespondtoclimatechange,”Aarsexplains.Awarmclimatemeansavastamountofseaiceismelting.Severalsealspecies—polarbears’mainfood—relyonseaice,andmoreoftenthannot,whereseaicecanbefound,socanpolarbears.Butthesecreaturesarebeingforcedtomove.“Wehaveseenthatbearsmovemuchfurthernorth,”Aarsexplains.Thecollarcanalsorecordbodytemperature,whichcantellscientistsifabearhasmovedinsideahabitat—anindicationthattheanimalisgoingtogivebirth.Seaicelossisalsohavinganimpactonwherepolarbearsareborn.“Importantareaswheretheyusedtogotogivebirthtocubs(幼兽)aremoreorlesslost,”saysAars.“Bearsarenowswimmingasfaras200kilometerstoreachanislandhabitat,”headds,“somethingtheydidnotneedtodo20yearsago.”Aarshopeshisresearchcanrevealhowtohelphispenfriendsholdoutalittlelonger.“Whatisimportantforusisthatallthisdatatellsushowtheywillrespondinthefuture,”headds.1．WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph1?A．Providesomekeyfactsaboutpolarbears.B．Explainhowtodealwithwildpolarbears.C．Suggestwaystosavetranquilizedpolarbears.D．Describehowtogetpolarbearsreadyfortracking.2．Whatisthecollarmainlyusedfor?A．Guidingpolarbearstoseaice.B．Protectingpolarbearsfrombeinghunted.C．Labelingpolarbearsreadytogivebirth.D．Collectingdataonpolarbears’movement.3．Howdoesclimatechangeaffectpolarbears?A．Theyareforcedtomovesouth.B．Theyhavetroublefindingfood.C．Theirhabitatsaretoohottolivein.D．Theircubsfailtoadapttotheclimate.4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Polarbears—creaturesonseaiceB．Climatechange—seaicelossspeedingupC．Anotherwake-upcall—polarbearsfacingextinctionD．Emailsfromtheedge—polarbearssendingmessagestoscientists【答案】1．D

2．D

3．B

4．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家在北极熊身上装跟踪项圈来收集数据，以了解气候变化对它们的影响。1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Nowyoucanmakepolarbearsyourpenfriends.Firstyouneedtofindone,thentranquilizeitandquicklygiveitanecessarytoolbeforeitwakesup.It’sanawkwardfirstencounter—howmanyfriendshipsdoyouknowstartwithtranquilizers?—andadmittedlyaone-sidedcorrespondence,butsoonthey’llbesendingmessagesdaily.”（现在你可以让北极熊成为你的笔友了。首先你需要找到一个，然后在它醒来之前给它麻醉，并迅速给它一个必要的工具。这是一个尴尬的初次相遇——你知道有多少友谊是从镇定剂开始的？——不可否认，这是一种单方面的通信，但很快它们就会每天发送信息。）及下文描述科学家在北极熊身上装跟踪项圈可推知，作者在第一段想要描述如何让北极熊做好被跟踪的准备。故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Eachyear,Aarsandhiscolleaguesequiparound70polarbearswithatrackingcollar(项圈)whichcontinuouslylogstheirmovement.Onceadaythecollarmakesasatellitecall,sendingthelast24hoursofdatabacktotheInstitute.”（每年，阿尔斯和他的同事都会给大约70只北极熊配备一个追踪项圈，持续记录它们的运动。项圈每天打一次卫星电话，把过去24小时的数据传回研究所。）可知，这种项圈主要用来收集北极熊的移动数据。故选D项。3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Awarmclimatemeansavastamountofseaiceismelting.Severalsealspecies—polarbears’mainfood—relyonseaice,andmoreoftenthannot,whereseaicecanbefound,socanpolarbears.Butthesecreaturesarebeingforcedtomove.”（温暖的气候意味着大量的海冰正在融化。一些海豹物种——北极熊的主要食物——依赖海冰，通常情况下，哪里有海冰，哪里就有北极熊。但这些生物正被迫迁移。）可知，海冰变少会导致冰上海豹变少，北极熊被迫迁移，说明气候变化让北极熊很难找到食物。故选B项。4．主旨大意题。文章主要说明了科学家在北极熊身上装跟踪项圈来收集数据，以了解气候变化对它们的影响。D项“来自极地的电子邮件——北极熊给科学家发送信息”最适合作为文章标题。故选D项。DEverylanguageandculturehascursewords(脏话).Whatgivesacurseworditspowerispartlyitsmeaningandpartlyitssound.“InEnglish,forexample,cursewordstendtocontainahighpercentageofplosivesounds—includingP,TandK,”saidRyanMcKay,apsychologistatUniversityofLondon.Dr.McKayteamedupwithhiscolleagueShiriLev-AritolearnwhetherthisfamiliarpatternwentbeyondEnglish.Theywonderedwhetheritmightevenrepresentwhat’scalledsoundsymbolism.Soundsymbolismiswhenawordsoundslikewhatitmeans.TheresearchersfirstaskedfluentspeakersofHebrew,Hindi,Hungarian,KoreanandRussiantolistthemostvulgar(粗俗的)wordstheycouldthinkof.Oncethey’dmadealistofeachlanguage’smostfrequentlyusedcursewords,theresearcherscomparedthesewithneutralwordsfromthesamelanguage.Intheselanguages,theydidn’tfindtheplosivesoundsthatseemcommoninEnglishcursewords.“Instead,wefoundthatthevulgarwordsweredefinedbywhattheylacked:theapproximantsoundsthatincludelettersI,L,R,WandY,”Dr.Lev-Arisaid.Next,thescientistsinvited215nativespeakersofsixlanguages:Arabic,Chinese,Finnish,French,GermanandSpanish.Theparticipantslistenedtopairsofwordsinalanguagetheydidn’tspeak,andguessedwhichwordineachpairwasoffensive.Inreality,allthewordswereinvented.Forexample,theresearchersstartedwiththeAlbanianword“zog,”for“bird,”andcreatedthepairoffakewords“yog"and“tsog.”Participantsweremorelikelytoguessthatwordswithoutapproximants,suchas“tsog,”werecurses.Finally,theresearcherscombedthroughthedictionaryforEnglishcursewordsandtheircleaned-upversions.Onceagain,thecleanversionsincludedmoreofthesoundsI,L,R,WandY.A20th-centurylinguistic(语言学的)principleclaimedthatthesoundsofwordswerearbitrary:Anywordcouldhaveanymeaning.Withcursewords,though,asinothercasesofsoundsymbolism,“thesoundsthemselvesseemtocarrymeaning,”saidLev-Ari.“That’sanewthing,”saidlinguistBenjaminBergen.“Cursewordsacrosslanguages,unrelatedtoeachother,maypatternsimilarly.”Healsopointedout,tomakesurethepatternofapproximantsmissingfromcursesisn’tanaccident,itwouldbenicetofinditinanevenlargersampleoflanguages.5．WhatisthepurposeofMcKayandLev-Ari’sresearch?A．Toanalyzeaphenomenon. B．Toconfirmanassumption.C．Toexplainadefinition. D．Tochallengeatheory.6．Whatweretheparticipantsaskedtodointhesecondpartoftheresearch?A．Todecidewhichcursewordsareusedmorefrequently.B．Tomakeupnewcursewordsfromrealwords.C．Toguessaword’soffensivenessaccordingtoitssound.D．Toidentifytheapproximantsincursewords.7．AccordingtoLev-Ari,whichofthefourislikelytosoundoffensive?A．Tusck B．Sola C．Darn D．Biach8．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Theoldlinguisticprincipleofsoundsandmeaningsiswrong.B．Insoundsymbolism,aword’ssoundrepresentsitsmeaning.C．Theresearchrevealsthesimilaritiesbetweendifferentlanguages.D．Theresultoftheresearchisnotfullyacceptedbyscientists.【答案】5．B

6．C

7．A

8．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究表明每种语言和文化都有脏话。脏话的力量部分来自它的意思，部分来自它的发音，但是研究结果还需要进一步的证实。5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“InEnglish,forexample,cursewordstendtocontainahighpercentageofplosivesounds—includingP,TandK,”saidRyanMcKay,apsychologistatUniversityofLondon.”（伦敦大学的心理学家瑞恩·麦凯说：“以英语为例，骂人的话往往含有很高比例的爆破音，包括P、T和K。”）以及第二段中“Dr.McKayteamedupwithhiscolleagueShiriLev-AritolearnwhetherthisfamiliarpatternwentbeyondEnglish.Theywonderedwhetheritmightevenrepresentwhat’scalledsoundsymbolism.”（麦凯博士与他的同事希里·列弗-阿里(ShiriLev-Ari)合作，研究这种熟悉的模式是否适用于英语以外的语言。他们想知道这是否代表了所谓的声音象征主义。）可推知，麦凯和列弗-阿里研究的目的是证实一种假设。故选B项。6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Next,thescientistsinvited215nativespeakersofsixlanguages:Arabic,Chinese,Finnish,French,GermanandSpanish.Theparticipantslistenedtopairsofwordsinalanguagetheydidn’tspeak,andguessedwhichwordineachpairwasoffensive.”（接下来，科学家们邀请了215名以阿拉伯语、汉语、芬兰语、法语、德语和西班牙语为母语的人。参与者听了几组他们不会说的语言的单词，并猜测每组单词中哪个是冒犯性的。）可知，在第二部分研究中，参与者被要求根据一个词的发音来猜测它的冒犯性。故选C项。7．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Instead,wefoundthatthevulgarwordsweredefinedbywhattheylacked:theapproximantsoundsthatincludelettersI,L,R,WandY,”Dr.

Lev-Arisaid.”（“相反，我们发现粗俗词汇是由它们所缺乏的东西来定义的：包括字母I、L、R、W和Y在内的近似音。”列弗-阿里说道。）可知，结合四个选项单词，只有A项tusck没有这五个字母I、L、R、W和Y以及其字母在内近似的发音。BCD选项都涉及到这五个字母的发音。故选A项。8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“That’sanewthing,”saidlinguistBenjaminBergen.“Cursewordsacrosslanguages,unrelatedtoeachother,maypatternsimilarly.”Healsopointedout,tomakesurethepatternofapproximantsmissingfromcursesisn’tanaccident,itwouldbenicetofinditinanevenlargersampleoflanguages.”（语言学家本杰明·卑尔根说：“这是一个新事物。“跨语言的脏话，彼此之间没有关联，可能会有相似的模式。”他还指出，为了确保诅咒中缺少近似值的模式不是偶然，最好能在更大量的语言样本中找到它。）可推知，从最后一段我们能了解这项研究的结果没有被科学家们完全接受。故选D项。II.完形填空BornintheUnitedStates,I,withblackhairandyellowskin,amanAmerican.Yes,IamaUScitizen.YetI

____9____earlyinmychildhoodthatIwasverydifferent.Itwasn’tuntil____10____intheearlyyearsofprimaryschoolthatInoticedthisdifference.Somekidsinmyclassaskedme____11____IcouldspeakChinese.Itseemedstrangetomethattheywouldbeinterestedinthispartofmy____12____.Ianswered“yes”andexpectedthemtosaynothingelseaboutit.Tomysurprise,theywere____13____tohearmesaysomethinginChinese.WhenIdidso,theysaid,“Wow,that’scool!”Ihadalwaysthoughtofitasjustastrange____14____thatcamefromChina.I____15____whathadhappenedthatdaywhenIgothome.IwentintothebathroomtowashmyhandsasIusuallydid.Ilookedmyselfinthemirror—thesamefacewas____16____fromthatmorning,butitdidn’t____17____thesametome.Forthefirsttime,Ifeltdifferentfromtheothersinmy____18____.ThatdayIdiscoveredapartofmylifethatwas____19____—incultureandtradition—fromtheoneIwas

____20____.NowIknowthatwemustallrememberour____21____,butwemustalsocontinuetoexplore,realizingthat

____22____isdifferent,withourownbeliefs,opinions,traditionsandlifestyles.Recognizingthesedifferencesshould

____23____respectforoneanother.9．A．deserved B．discovered C．impressed D．proved10．A．onemoment B．oneevening C．oneday D．oneyear11．A．why B．how C．when D．if12．A．life B．manuscript C．secret D．program13．A．critical B．amused C．appreciative D．eager14．A．tradition B．comment C．language D．reply15．A．wrotedown B．thoughtabout C．talkedabout D．forgotabout16．A．out B．up C．next D．there17．A．maintain B．seem C．act D．burst18．A．family B．class C．team D．association19．A．different B．delighted C．worthy D．valuable20．A．persevering B．expecting C．living D．probing21．A．blessings B．spots C．concepts D．roots22．A．nobody B．nothing C．everyone D．everything23．A．leadto B．stickto C．devoteto D．referto【答案】9．B

10．C

11．D

12．A

13．D

14．C

15．B

16．D

17．B

18．B

19．A

20．C

21．D

22．C

23．A【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。记叙了身为美籍华人的作者在上小学时，某一天给班上的其他孩子讲中文，从而第一次认识到自己和班上的其他人不一样，发现了生活中不同的部分。作者认为我们都必须记住自己的根，但我们也必须继续探索，认识到每个人都是不同的，有自己的信仰、观点、传统和生活方式。认识到这些差异应该导致彼此尊重。9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我在童年时就发现自己与别人很不一样。A.deserved值得；B.discovered发现；C.impressed使印象深刻；D.proved证明。作者是生活在美国的美籍华人，黑头发黄皮肤，便发现了自己与其他同学有很大的不同。倒数第二段中“Idiscoveredapartofmylife”也是提示。故选B。10．考查名词短语辨析。句意：直到上小学的某一天，我才注意到这种差异。A.onemoment马上；B.oneevening有一天晚上；C.oneday（过去）某一天；D.oneyear一年。根据后文“intheearlyyearsofprimaryschool”可知是指作者上小学的某一天，应用oneday。故选C。11．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我班上的一些孩子问我是否会说中文。A.why为什么；B.how如何；C.when何时；D.if是否。此处为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用if。故选D。12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得很奇怪，他们会对我生活的这一部分感兴趣，我回答说“是的”，并希望他们不要再说别的。A.life生活；B.manuscript手稿；C.secret秘密；D.program项目。作者作为中国人能够说中文，这属于他生活中的一部分。倒数第二段中“Idiscoveredapartofmylife”也是提示。故选A。13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，他们渴望听到我用中文说些什么。A.critical批评的；B.amused有趣的；C.appreciative欣赏的；D.eager渴望的。前文讲班上的一些孩子问作者是否会说中文，结合后文“tohearmesaysomethinginChinese”可知，说明其他孩子渴望听到作者用中文说话。beeagertodosth.“急切地想做某事”。故选D。14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直认为它只是一种来自中国的奇怪语言。A.tradition传统；B.comment评论；C.language语言；D.reply回答。根据前文“Chinese”和后文“thatcamefromChina”可知作者认为中文只是来自中国的奇怪语言。故选C。15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我回到家，想着那天发生的事。A.wrotedown写下；B.thoughtabout思考；C.talkedabout谈论；D.forgotabout忘记。结合后文作者意识到自己的不同可知，作者一直在思考那天发生的事情。故选B。1