03-选择性必修第一册Unit-2基础练习(人教版2019)

2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版2019)选择性必修一Unit2LookingintotheFutureⅠ.单句语法填空1.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget,butItrytopersuadethem__________(keep)smiling.

2.(2020·天津高考)Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesit__________.3.(2020·江苏高考)Inlooking__________thestoriesofbiologicaldiscovery,Ialsobegantofindsomethingelse,acollectionofscientists,usuallybrilliant,occasionallyhalf-mad,whomadethediscoveries.4.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Whiletheyoungergenerationsprefer__________(communicate)visually,forthoseusedtoworkingwithtraditionaltoolslikeemail,itmayfeellikealearningcurve(曲线).

5.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeys__________(combine)—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Ⅱ.完成句子1.IfyouwanttomasterEnglish,youshould_______________________.

如果你想掌握英语,就把学习英语当成是你的例行公事的一部分。2.We_______________________insixteenminutes.

我们将在16分钟后在巴黎机场降落。3.Hehasnoideaof_______________________.

他不知道怎样回答这个问题。4._______________________,heisanableman,but_______________________hedemandstoomuchofpeople.

一方面,他是个能干的人,但另一方面,他对人要求太多了。5.Theanswerseemstobethatwehaveaneedto_______________________.

答案似乎是我们需要与朋友和家人一直保持联系。Ⅲ.语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)Haveyoueverforgotten1.___________(lock)thedoorofyourhouse?Or,haveyoueverforgottentoswitchofftheTVorcomputer?Thesekindsofthingshappentousallthetime,wasteresources,andcansometimeslead2.___________problems.

However,inthenot-too-distantfuture,wewill3.___________(live)insmarthomesthatwilllockthedoorforuswhenweareawayandremembertoswitchofftheTVwhenweforget.

Youwillnolongerhavetothinkaboutturning4.___________(switch)onandoffyourself.Yourhomewillalsolearnyour5.___________(day)routineandpreferences,soeverythingwillbereadyforyouwhenyougethomeeachevening.Yourlightswillcomeon6.___________instantyouenterthedooralongwithyourfavouritemusicorTVprogrammes,andyouwillfindyourdinneralready7.___________(prepare)foryou.Inaddition,yoursmarthomewillbemonitoringyourhealthforyoueveryday.Ifyoustarttohavesleeporweightproblems,itwillsendawarningtoyourphone.Itwillalsogiveyousuggestionsona8.___________(health)dietand9.___________tosleepbetter.Smarttoiletswillbekeepingconstanttrackofyourhealthaswell.Theycanwarnyouearlyonifthereissomething10.___________(normal)orifyouhaveacriticalillness,suchascancer,andpotentiallysaveyourlife.Smarthomeswillbeabletopreventseriousdamagefromaccidents.Nevertheless,itwilltakesomeyearsbeforemostnewhomesbegintousethisnewtechnology.IV.阅读理解AAsdoctorsperformedsurgeryonDagmarTurner’sbrain,thesoundofaviolinfilledtheoperatingroom.Themusiccamefromthepatientontheoperatingtable.Inavideofromthesurgery,theviolinistwasmovingherbow(琴弓)upanddownassurgeonsworkedtoremoveherbraintumor(肿瘤).TheKing’sCollegeHospitalsurgeonswokeherupinthemiddleoftheoperationinordertoensuretheydidnotdamagepartsofthebrainnecessaryforplayingtheviolinandkeepherhand’sfunctionsintact.Turner,53,learnedthatshehadaslow-growingtumor.Laterdoctorsfoundthatithadbecomemoreaggressiveandtheviolinistdecidedtohavesurgerytoremoveit.“WeknewhowimportanttheviolinistoTurner,soitwasvitalthatwepreservedfunctioninthedelicateareasofherbrainthatallowedhertoplay,”KeyoumarsAshkan,adoctoratKing’sCollegeHospital,saidinapressrelease.BeforeTurner’soperation,Ashkanandhiscolleaguesspenttwohourscarefullymappingherbraintoidentifyareasthatwereactivewhensheplayedtheviolinandthosecontrollinglanguageandmovement.Wakingherupduringsurgerythenalloweddoctorstomonitorwhetherthosepartsweresufferingdamage.BradMahon,anexpertatCarnegieMellonUniversity,saidthebasicfeaturesofan“awakecraniotomy”—thetypeofbrainsurgerywherepatientsareawakeinordertoavoiddamagetocriticalbrainareas—haveremainedlargelyunchangedfordecades.Buthesaidthatdoctorsarenowabletomapthepatient’sbrainactivityingreatdetailbeforethesurgery,usinganimagingtechniquecalledfunctionalMRI.Thatmeanssurgeonsarecomingintotheoperatingroomwithfarmoreinformationaboutaspecificpatient’sbrain.Thatkindofinformationhelpsdoctorstailorteststoapatient’sparticularneeds.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intact”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Strong. B.Sound.C.Talented. D.Influential.2.WhydidAshkanandhiscolleaguesmapTurner’sbrainbeforeoperation?A.Tokeepherbrainmoreactivewhensheplayedtheviolin.B.Tomonitorwhetherherbrainhadsuffereddamageseverely.C.Torecognizetheareasrelatedtomusicandmovementprecisely.D.Toremovethetumorwhilekeepingallfunctionofherbrain.3.WhatcanweknowaccordingtoBradMahon?A.Doctorsareusinganimagingtechniquetomonitorthesurgery.B.Patientsareasleeptoprotectcriticalbrainareasinasurgery.C.Apatient’slanguageabilitycouldn’tbepreservedbefore.D.Surgeonscanpersonalizeapatient’soperationbymappinghisbrain.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.MusicianjoinedinherownbrainsurgeryB.MappingabrainisrealizedaftersurgeryC.TheviolinistsuffersfromabraintumorD.DoctorsperformsurgeryonabrainBResearcherscontinuetoshowthepowerbehindoursenseofsmell.Recentstudieshavefound,amongotherthings,thatthesmelloffoodslikepizzacancauseuncontrollableangerindriversonroads.Thereviewexplainsthatsmellisuniqueinitseffectsonthebrain.AccordingtoConradKing,“thesenseofsmellgoesthroughthelogicalpartofthebrainandactsonthesystemsconcernedwithfeelings.Thisiswhythesmellofbakingbreadcandestroythebestintentionsofadieter.”Smell,whichdictates(决定)theunbelievablecomplexityoffoodtastes,hasalwaysbeentheleastunderstoodofoursenses.Ournosesareabletodetectupto10,000distinctsmells.Ourabilitytosmellandtastethisextremelylargerangeofsmellsiscontrolledbysomethinglike1,000genes,whichmakeupanamazing3%ofthehumangenome.ResearchersRichardAxelandLindaBuckweretogetherawardedaNobelPrizein2004fortheirground-breakingresearchonthenatureofthisextraordinarysense.Thesetwoscientistswerethefirsttodescribethefamilyof1,000olfactory(嗅觉的)genesandtoexplainhowourolfactorysystemworks.Accordingtoonestudyintheresearchreview,smellingfreshpizzaoreventhepackagingoffastfoodscanbeenoughtomakedriversfeelimpatientwithotherroadusers.Theyarethenmorelikelytospeedandexperienceuncontrollableangeronroads.Themostreasonableexplanationisthatthesecanallmakedriversfeelhungry,andthereforedesperatetosatisfytheirappetites.Incontrast,thesmellsofpeppermintandcinnamon(肉桂)wereshowntoimproveconcentrationlevelsaswellasreducedrivers’impatience.Similarly,thesmellsoflemonandcoffeeappearedtopromoteclearthinkingandmentalfocus.However,thewaygenesregulatesmelldiffersfrompersontoperson.TheIsraelresearcherssaytheirstudyshowsthatnearlyeveryhumanbeingshowsadifferentpatternofactiveandinactivesmell-detectingreceptors.5.WhatdidRichardAxelandLindaBuckfindout?A.Thetypeoffoodsmells.B.Thelogicalpartofhumanbrain.C.Thenatureofhumanolfactorysystem.D.Therelationshipbetweenfoodandfeelings.6.Whichofthefollowingcanhelppeopleconcentrate?A.Bread. B.Fastfood.C.Pizza. D.Coffee.7.Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Somepeoplecanrecognizeupto50smells.B.Everypersonhasadifferentpatternofgenes.C.Differentpeoplearesensitivetodifferentsmells.D.Therearestillsomeolfactorygenestobefoundout.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Logicandbehavior.B.Smellanditsinfluence.C.Senseabilityandfoodtastes.D.Olfactorygenesanditssystem.V.完形填空Haveyoueverbeencaughtindifficulties?Rememberthatself-confidenceis1thanaknife.Youcanuseittofightachallenge.Readtheshortstorybelowto2thepowerofself-confidence.

Amanwastryingtofindhisway3adarkcavewithalightofhopefromalantern(灯笼).Finally,hecouldseesomesunlightinthecave,whichmadehim4.Butashedrewcloser,hewas5toseeabigrockstandingbeforehim.

Hepushedtherock,butitstoodtherefirmlywithout6evenalittle.Hetriedagain,butitpreventedhimfrom7theplace.Themanfeltasifbeingswallowedbyawhalethatwaswaitingtoenjoyhissupper.Hesat8thebigrockinthemouthofthedarkcavelookingbackonhisadventure.Hehadovercomemanydifficultiesand9hewouldovercomethisone,too.

Sohesaidtohimselfwithconfidence,“Iwill10here.”Heencouragedhimselfanditaddedtohispowerandgavehimmore11inpushingthehugerock.

Therockmovedalittle,whichencouragedhimtowork12.Thankstoallhisefforts,slowlytherockmadewayforhim.Hewalkedalongthebrightandevergreenpathbeforehim-with13.

Weallmaymeetdifficultiesinourlife.Somepeopledon’tbelievetheycanovercomethemandchooseto14,butsomechoosetofacethemwithconfidence.Thosewhogiveupwill15succeed.Onlythosewhofacedifficultieswithconfidencewillfindtheirwaysandsucceedinlifeintheend.

1.A.nearer B.fasterC.larger D.sharper2.A.consider B.regainC.understand D.ask3.A.on B.through C.below D.before4.A.smile B.think C.move D.cry5.A.pleased B.surprisedC.sad D.excited6.A.breaking B.refusingC.disappearing D.moving7.A.leaving B.enjoyingC.destroying D.checking8.A.intheheartof B.atthefootofC.inthemiddleof D.ontherightof9.A.doubted B.explainedC.worried D.believed10.A.showup B.lookaroundC.getoutof D.makeuseof11.A.time B.energy C.space D.advice12.A.harder B.longer C.wider D.deeper13.A.courage B.fearC.experience D.pride14.A.lookup B.giveupC.catchup D.cheerup15.A.usually B.alwaysC.sometimes D.neverVI.读后续写阅读下面的材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Whenatornadotoucheddowninasmalltownnearby,manyfamilieswereleftcompletelydestroyed.Afterwardallthelocalnewspaperscarriedmanyhuman-intereststoriesfeaturingsomeofthefamilieswhosufferedthehardest.OneSunday,aparticularpictureespeciallytouchedme.Ayoungwomanstoodinfrontofanentirelyshatteredmobilehome,adepressedexpressiontwistingherfeatures.Ayoungboy,sevenoreightyearsold,definitelyinlowspirits,stoodatherside,eyesdowncast.Clutching(紧握)atherskirtwasatinygirlwhostaredintothecamera,eyeswidewithconfusionandfear.Thearticlethatwentwiththepicturegavetheclothingsizesofeachfamilymember.Withgrowinginterest,Inoticedthattheirsizescloselymatchedours.Thiswouldbeagoodopportunitytoteachmychildrentohelpthoselessfortunatethanthemselves.Itapedthepictureoftheyoungfamilytoourrefrigerator,explainingtheirdifficultytomyseven-year-oldtwins,BradandBrett,andtothree-year-oldMeghan.“Wehavesomuch.Andthesepoorpeoplenowhavenothing,”Isaid.“We’llsharewhatwehavewiththem,thustheywillsmileagain.”Ibroughtthreelargeboxesdownfromtheroomupstairsandplacedthemonthelivingroomfloor.Meghanwatchedseriously,astheboysandIfilledoneoftheboxeswithcannedgoodsandfoods.WhileIsortedthroughourclothes,Iencouragedtheboystogothroughtheirtoysanddonatesomeoftheirlessfavoritethings.Meghanwatchedquietlyastheboyspiledupdiscardedtoysandgames.“I’llhelpyoufindsomethingforthelittlegirlwhenI’mdonewiththis,”Isaid.TheboysplacedthetoystheyhadchosentodonateintooneoftheboxeswhileIfilledthethirdboxwithclothes.MeghanwalkedupwithLucy,herworn,faded,much-lovedragdollhuggedtightlytoherchest.Shepausedinfrontoftheboxthatheldthetoys,pressedherroundlittlefaceintoLucy’sflat,painted-on-face,gaveherafinalkiss,thenlaidhergentlyonthetopofothertoys.“Oh,honey,”Isaid.“Youdon’thavetogiveLucy.Youlovehersomuch.”Meghannoddedseriously,eyesglisteningwithheld-backtears.“Lucymakesmehappy,Mommy.Maybeshe’llmakethatotherlittlegirlhappy,too.”注意:续写词数应为150左右。Theboys,open-mouthed,hadwatchedtheirbabysisterplaceherfavoritedollinthebox.Takingthecuefrommylittleones,Iremovedmyoldjacketfromtheboxofclothes.参考答案Ⅰ.1.Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget,butItrytopersuadethemtokeep(keep)smiling.

2.Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.3.Inlookingintothestoriesofbiologicaldiscovery,Ialsobegantofindsomethingelse,acollectionofscientists,usuallybrilliant,occasionallyhalf-mad,whomadethediscoveries.4.Whiletheyoungergenerationsprefertocommunicate(communicate)visually,forthoseusedtoworkingwithtraditionaltoolslikeemail,itmayfeellikealearningcurve(曲线).

5.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined(combine)—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Ⅱ.1.IfyouwanttomasterEnglish,youshouldmakeEnglishstudyapartofyourdailyroutine.

2.WeshallbelandinginParisinsixteenminutes.

3.Hehasnoideaofhowtoanswerthisquestion.

4.Ontheonehand,heisanableman,butontheotherhandhedemandstoomuchofpeople.

5.Theanswerseemstobethatwehaveaneedtostay/keepintouchwithfriendsandfamily.

Ⅲ.Haveyoueverforgotten1.tolock(lock)thedoorofyourhouse?Or,haveyoueverforgottentoswitchofftheTVorcomputer?Thesekindsofthingshappentousallthetime,wasteresources,andcansometimeslead2.toproblems.

However,inthenot-too-distantfuture,wewill3.beliving(live)insmarthomesthatwilllockthedoorforuswhenweareawayandremembertoswitchofftheTVwhenweforget.

Youwillnolongerhavetothinkaboutturning4.switches(switch)onandoffyourself.Yourhomewillalsolearnyour5.daily(day)routineandpreferences,soeverythingwillbereadyforyouwhenyougethomeeachevening.Yourlightswillcomeon6.theinstantyouenterthedooralongwithyourfavouritemusicorTVprogrammes,andyouwillfindyourdinneralready7.prepared(prepare)foryou.Inaddition,yoursmarthomewillbemonitoringyourhealthforyoueveryday.Ifyoustarttohavesleeporweightproblems,itwillsendawarningtoyourphone.Itwillalsogiveyousuggestionsona8.healthier(health)dietand9.howtosleepbetter.Smarttoiletswillbekeepingconstanttrackofyourhealthaswell.Theycanwarnyouearlyonifthereissomething10.abnormal(normal)orifyouhaveacriticalillness,suchascancer,andpotentiallysaveyourlife.Smarthomeswillbeabletopreventseriousdamagefromaccidents.Nevertheless,itwilltakesomeyearsbeforemostnewhomesbegintousethisnewtechnology.IV.A【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了医生在给DagmarTurner的大脑动手术过程中,唤醒她的大脑,让她在接受手术的过程中,能够同时演奏小提琴的奇妙场景。1.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据该句TheKing’sCollegeHospitalsurgeonswokeherupinthemiddleoftheoperationinordertoensuretheydidnotdamagepartsofthebrainnecessaryforplayingtheviolinandkeepherhand’sfunctionsintact.所提供的语境“国王学院医院的外科医生在手术过程中叫醒了她,以确保他们不会损害拉小提琴所必需的大脑部分,同时保证她的手的功能完好。”可知,这里的intact与sound意思相符,相当于ingoodcondition,意思是“健康的,健全的”。2.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段BeforeTurner’soperation,Ashkanandhiscolleaguesspenttwohourscarefullymappingherbraintoidentifyareasthatwereactivewhensheplayedtheviolinandthosecontrollinglanguageandmovement可知,在特纳手术之前,Ashkan和他的同事花了两个小时仔细绘制她的大脑图,以识别她拉小提琴时活跃的区域以及控制语言和运动的区域。3.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段Buthesaidthatdoctorsare...particularneeds.可以推出“外科医生可以通过(核磁共振)成像个性化病人的手术”。故选D。4.【解析】选A。主旨大义题。本文主要讲述了医生在给DagmarTurner的大脑动手术过程中,唤醒她的大脑,让她在接受手术的过程中,能够同时演奏小提琴的奇妙场景。也就是让她参与了自己的手术。故选A。B【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文,主要论述了气味和它的影响。5.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据题干中所提到的两位科学家“RichardAxelandLindaBuck”,迅速定位文章的第三段关键句ResearchersRichardAxelandLindaBuckweretogetherawardedaNobelPrizein2004fortheirground-breakingresearchonthenatureofthis