第20讲-七选五(选修第一册)(原卷版)

第20讲七选五1．了解七选五的解题方法与技巧。2．进行七选五真题训练。七选五试题给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。七选五和传统题型完型填空有些类似，虽然完型填空题考查的是词汇层面，七选五考查的是句子层面，但是它们的考查方式是一样的，只要考生选择的答案能够使行文连贯，符合英文的语法以及习惯表达就行，因此，这两类题型在做题方法上有共同之处。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。解题技巧：1.通过设题位置判断（1）段首设空一般找能概括该段中心意思的选项。（2）段尾设空一般找能总结归纳该段的选项。段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表：挖空位置逻辑关系具体解读段首题主旨句常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。承上启下句此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。段中题例证关系前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等。转折关系若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有：but,however,yet,while/though/although,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless(然而),still,incontrast/comparison,bycomparison等。因果关系表示因果关系的标志词语有：so,therefore,thus,consequently(结果),asaresult(of),so/such...that...,sothat...等。递进关系若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,likewise,similarly,what'smore,what'sworse,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...but...,notonly...butalso等。并列关系表示并列关系的标志词语有：and,first(ly),second(ly);first,then/next;tobeginwith,some...others...;foronething,foranotherthing;then/next,finally/last等。段尾题总结句用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。承上启下句此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。2.通过标点符号判断当设空处后为逗号且逗号后面的句子结构完整时，可判断该空应为状语从句。3.根据语境线索判断语境线索主要指反映上下文关系的衔接手段，如篇章结构、词语重现、逻辑、连接、指代、同构等。（1）“词语重现”不仅指词语的简单出现，而且指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。（2）“逻辑”指事物之间存在的必然的关系，包括时间先后关系、空间位置关系、因果关系、归纳总结关系、总分关系等。（3）“指代”是指用代词代替前文提到过的人物、事件、物品等，如it，he，she，they等。（4）“同构”是指上下文使用同一结构或类似的句子。（2023春·广东湛江·高二统考阶段练习）Manypeopleimaginethatshadeinagardenisaproblem.ButIbelievewiththerightattitude,inspiration,andideas,eventheshadiestgardencanbecomeabeautifulandabundantspace.Herearemytips:Growingfoodinshade____1____.If,however,yourgardenismoredeeplyshaded,youmaystruggletogrowtraditionalvegetables.Butthisdoesnotmeanthatyoucannotgrowfoodatall.Infact,therearemoreeatableplantsthatgrowwellinshadethanyoumightimagine.____2____Notallshadeareasarethesame.Anditisimportanttounderstandthelevelandtypeofshadethatyouaredealingwithtomaketherightchoicesinyourgarden.Ashadegardencanhavearangeofadvantages.Itmaybemuchcooler.Anditmayfeelmoreprivateandpeacefulthanaveryopenspace.____3____.MakingshadegardenbeautifulAswellasgrowingfoodinashadegarden,youcanalsomakeitabeautifulspace,whichcanattractawiderangeofbeneficialwildlifethroughouttheyear.____4____.Andtrytochoosearangeoffloweringplantstoattractpollinatorsandbeneficialinsectsthroughouttheyear,andtoprovidevisualappealoverasmuchoftheyearaspossible.____5____.Butbycreatingtherightlayoutandchoosingtherightplants,shadecanbecomeanopportunity,ratherthanadisadvantage.A．UnderstandingshadeB．ChoosingdifferentshadesC．FoodgrownintheshadetastesequallydeliciousD．DesigningashadegardendoesrequiresomecarefulthoughtE．Youjusthavetoselectplantsofvariouscolors,shapesandformsF．Inlightshade,youarestillabletogrowarangeofcommonvegetablecropsG．Treesorotherstructureswhichcastshadecanoffersomeprivacyinyourgarden（2023春·辽宁·高二校联考期中）Everyonewantsaneverlastingrelationshipbutthereareonlyahandfulofpeoplethatarewillingtoputintheworkforit.____6____Let’sdiscusshowyoucanstrengthenit!Today,youwillseealotofmarriagesandrelationshipsbeingended,whyisthat?Peoplewhousedtoloveeachothersodeeplyhavenowcutoffallsortsofcommunicationandevenblockedeachotherfromanywhere.____7____Noonedeservestogothroughthissortofagonywhichiswhywemustenhanceourcommunicationskillsinanykindofrelationship.Inanykindofrelationship,ittakesawhiletobuildandpromotetrust,thatmuchisnatural.____8____Itistruethattrustcannotbebuiltinadaywhichiswhywemuststriveforit.Wehavetobefullyhonestandopenwitheachothersothatwewillbeabletofullytrusteachother.Learntoconfideinyourpartnerandmakethemtrustyou.Everyrelationshipmaycontainloveandcarebutthereisrarelyanyrespectforeachother,andthisleadstoafalloutbetweenthepartners.Itisimperativethatwecommunicatewitheachotheraboutourneedsandwants,thiswillmakeusrespectoneanother.Seemingly,therecouldbeonethingthatisn’trudeordisrespectfulbutwillbeveryhurtfultotheotherperson.____9____Thiswillnourishyourrelationship.____10____However,onceyouareinarelationshipwithsomeone,youhavetorelyonthem.Relyinguponandsupportingeachotherisavitalpartofanyrelationship.Partnerscouldairtheirminds,sharetheirconcernsandemotionswithoutanykindoffear.Communicateabouteverythingwithyourpartner,andseehowthingsgetbetter.A．Itincreasestherespectforeachother.B．Weknowthatbeingindependentandstrongisgreat.C．Communicationisthekeytoalong-lastingrelationship.D．Nocommunicationleadstonorelationshipandviceverse.E．Communicatewitheachotherbutalsorespectthefeelingsoftheotherperson.F．Allofthisresultsinexcruciating(折磨人的)painthatevenexceedsphysicalpain.G．However,trustcannotbebuiltbetweentwopartnersifthereisalackofeffectivecommunication.（2023春·浙江宁波·高二效实中学校考期中）Tearscanruinmake-up,bringconversationtoastop,andgiveyouarunnynose.____11____However,cryingisafactoflife,andtearsareveryuseful.Evenwhenyou’renotcrying,youreyesproducetears.Thesecreateafilm(薄膜)overtheeye’ssurface.Thisfilmcontainsasubstancethatprotectsyoureyesagainstinfection.Tearsreducestress,butwetendtofightthemforallsortsofreasons.“____12____They’reafraidthatoncetheylosecontrol,they’llnevergetitback,”explainspsychologistDorothyRowe.Almostanyemotion—goodorbad,happyorsad—cancausetears.____13____Tearshelpyouwhenyoufeelyouarereadytoexplodebecauseofverystrongfeelings.Itmayexplainwhypeoplewhoareafraidtocryoftensuffermoreheartattacksthanpeoplewhocrymorefreely.Whensomepeoplebecomeverystressed,however,theycan’tcry.Theymaybefeelingshock,anger,fearorgrief,buttheycontroltheemotion.“Everyonehastheneedtocry,”sayspsychotherapist(精神治疗医师)VeraDiamond.____14____Theypracticecryingsothattheycangetusedtoexpressingemotion.____15____It’sgoodtoholdbacktearsduringatensebusinessdiscussion.“Butonceyouaresafelybehindcloseddoors,don’tjustcry,”Diamondsays.Shesuggeststhatyouactoutthewholesituationagainandbeasnoisyandangryasyoulike.Itwillhelpyoufeelbetter.“And,”sheadds,“onceyourtearshavereleasedthestress,youcanbegintothinkoflogicalwaystodealwiththeproblem.”Tearsareasignofourabilitytofeel.Youshouldneverbeafraidtocry.A．Peopleworryaboutshowingtheiremotions.B．Themoreyoucry,thehealthieryouwillbecome.C．Cryingisawaythatwereleasebuilt-upemotions.D．Sometimespatientsparticipateincryingexercises.E．Theycanleaveyouembarrassedandwithoutenergy.F．Incertainsituation,suchasatwork,tearsarenotappropriate.G．Manypeoplegetuncomfortablewhenotherscryinfrontofthem.（2023春·辽宁鞍山·高二鞍山一中校考期中）Ilovetravelling.OneofmyfondestmemoriesoftraveliswhenIspentafewdaysbackpackinginBucharest,Romania.Anunexpectedactofkindnessfromastrangertrulymademefeelmoved._____16_____ThefirstdayIarrivedinBucharestIhadtotakethebusfromthetrainstationtomyaccommodation.IboardedthebusandfoundoutthatnoneofmycardsworkedandIwasn’tabletobuyaticket._____17_____AlthoughIexplainedthatitwasn’tmyintentionandIhadjustarrivedfromBrasov,theystilldidn’tbelievemeandfinedmefornothavingaticket.Afterdoingsomeresearchonline,IfoundthatmostbusesinBucharestdonotacceptcashoranyformofpaymentonboard.Youhavetopurchaseacardatcertainplacesinthecity,topitupwithmoney,andthenpayonboard._____18_____Youcanusewirelesspaytopurchaseaticket.IwasdelightedafterfindingoutsuchgoodnewsasIdidnotwantanotherfine._____19_____AfterIgotonthebus,IfoundtheticketmachinetobethesameastheoneIhadmetwithonmyfirstdayinBucharest.Itriedinvaineverymethod,includingwirelesspay,ApplePayandcash._____20_____Atthatmoment,akindmiddle-agedmanstandingnexttomehandedmeacard.Iunderstoodthatitwasacardforthebus.Themanpaidformybusride.A．Istartedtopanic.B．Fewthingsseemedtowork.C．Itisstillvividinmymindnow.D．OneplaceIwillneverforgetisRomania.E．Worsestill,Iwasstoppedbypolicemenonthebus.F．However,thebusesconnectingtotheairportsaremoremodern.G．Fastforwardtomylastday,IplannedtotakethebustoBucharestAirport.（2023春·江苏南京·高二校联考期中）Establishinghealthyboundarieswithyourselfwillhelpyoustaywithinyourrangeofcontrolandprioritizewhatmattersmost.Herearesometips.BehonestwithyourselfBehindeveryfancypurchaseisadesireforstatusandrecognition.Yousecretlywanttobenoticedforwearinganewwatchorcarryingadesignerpurse.____21____Sobeforetakingactiontowardsanyattempt,suchasmakinganexpensivepurchaseorpursuingajobpromotion,askyourself,“WhoamIdoingthisfor?”____22____However,ifyouarepursuingsomethingwiththehopesofattractingattention,thenyouneedtosaynotoyourself.Honoryourlimits____23____Tryingtopleaseeveryonemakesyouvulnerable(脆弱的).Thetruthisyouhavelimitedenergyandtime.Itisimportantthatyouarewisewithyourresources.TheimportanceofhonoringyourlimitsishighlightedbytheGreekmythologicalstory.Thestoryisareminderthatpushingyourselftoohardfortoolongultimatelycomesatacost.StopcomparingyourselftoothersPeoplewillengageinbehaviorsthattriggeryou.ItmightbetemptingtoenteranundeclaredcompetitionwiththeJoneses.Thisapproachdoesnotworkbecausethereisalwayssomeoneouttherewhohasmoreofwhatyoudesire.Stopcomparingyourselftoothers.____24____Focusonlivingameaningfullifethatisconsistentwithyourvaluesandgoals.____25____Youarelikelyyourworstcritic.Yousecretlysaythingstoyourselfthatyouwouldneverhavethehearttotellothers.Remembertohaverealisticexpectationsofyourself.Whenyousetgoals,considerwhetheryouhavesetthestandardatareasonablelevel.Ifthegoalisunrealistic,thenyouhavetosaynoandadjustyourexpectations.A．Befairtoyourself.B．Staytruetoyourself.C．Youcan’tbeeverythingforeveryone.D．Therealityisthatyouarenotbeingrecognized.E．Whatsomeoneisdoingwiththeirlifehasnothingtodowithyou.F．Ifapursuitwilltrulyimprovethequalityofyourlife,thengoforit.G．Thesamecanbesaidaboutotherpursuitssuchasaccumulatingwealthandstatus.（2023春·重庆·高二重庆一中校考期中）Firstaidisacrucialaspectofhealthcarethatcansignificantlysavesomeone’slifeorpreventfurtherinjuryorillness.Knowingwhentousefirstaidisessentialsothatpropermeasuresaretakenpromptly.____26____InjuriesandAccidentsOneofthemostcommoninstanceswherefirstaidisrequiredisininjuriesandaccidents.___27___Insuchsituations,itisessentialtoprovideimmediatecaretopreventfurtherdamageandensurethattheaffectedindividualreceivestimelymedicalattention.Someoftheinitialstepsinfirstaidforinjuriesincludeapplyingpressuretostopbleeding,immobilizingtheaffectedarea,andadministeringpainreliefmedication.CardiacArrest(心脏停跳)Anothercriticalsituationwherefirstaidcanmakeadifferenceisduringacardiacarrest.Acardiacarrestoccurswhentheheartstopsfunctioning;immediateinterventionisnecessary.____28____Thefirststepinsuchasituationistocallemergencyservicesandstartcardiopulmonaryresuscitation(CPR)untilprofessionalhelparrives.KnowinghowtoperformCPRcanbelife-savinginsuchsituations.ChokingandSuffocation(窒息)Chokingandsuffocationareemergenciesthatcanoccuratanytime,andimmediateinterventionisnecessarytopreventfurthercomplications.Ifsomeoneischoking,itisessentialtoactquickly._29_Similarly,ifsomeoneissuffocatingduetoablockedairway,itisvitaltocleartheobstructionandensurethattheperson’sairwayisopen.Whentousefirstaidcansignificantlysavesomeone’slifeorpreventfurtherinjuryorillness.__30__Callforemergencyservices,andprovideimmediatecareuntilprofessionalhelparrives.Beingpreparedandtrainedinfirstaidcanensurethesafetyandwell-beingofthosearoundus.A．Inanyemergency,itisessentialtoremaincalm.B．Thiscanincludecuts,burns,falls,sprains,andotherunpleasantinjuries.C．Ifsomeonehastakenapoisonoussubstance,callingemergencyservices.D．PerformtheHeimlichmanoeuvretoforceouttheobjectcausingtheobstruction.E．Bleedingandoverdosearemedicalemergenciesthatrequireimmediateattention.F．Thisblogpostwilldiscusswhentousefirstaidandtheimportanceofearlyintervention.G．Bloodcirculation(血液循环)andoxygensupplytovitalorgansshouldberestoredimmediately.（2023春·黑龙江双鸭山·高二双鸭山一中校考期中）Apologizingforamistakemightseemdifficult,butitwillhelpyourepairandimproveyourrelationshipswithothersafterthatoffense(冒犯).Acknowledgetheoffense.Thisisanessentialelementofagoodapology.___31___Apologiesaremostlikelytobewell-receivedifyoushowthatyourecognizewhowasresponsibleandwhowasharmed.Forexample,saying“Imadeamistake”ismoreeffectivethansaying“mistakesweremade”,whichfailstoclarifyresponsibility.___32___Insomecases,it’shelpfultoexplainanoffense,especiallytoexplainthatitwasnotintentionalandthatitwillnothappenagain.Butexplanationsthatarelong-winded,soundlikeexcuses,orblamethevictim(e.g.Youwerereallygettingonmynerves.)tendtohaveanoppositeeffect.Expressregret.___33___Expressingthesefeelingscommunicatesthatyourecognizeandregretthesufferingyoucaused.Becarefulofphraseslike“Thatwasuncharacteristicofme.”___34___Instead,acknowledgeyourdisappointmentinyourselfandyourcommitmenttoimprove.Tellthemhowyou’llchange.Letthemknowhowyou’llchangeandwhatyou’ddotomakethatpossible.Forinstance,ifyou’vebeenlateonceagain,insteadofjustapologizing,sharehowyou’dkeepanearlyalarmtobeontime!___35___A．Provideaproperexplanation.B．Expressyourintentionclearly.C．Butmanyapologiesdon’tdothisenough.D．Whenyouhurtsomeone,it’snaturaltofeelshameorregret.E．Atrueapologyisonewhereyoupromiseitwon’tberepeatedagain.F．Thismightshowthatyouaren’ttakingfullownershipforwhathappened.G．Thiswillenableyoutoknowwhatmeansthemosttotheoffendedperson.（2023春·江苏盐城·高二盐城市第一中学校联考期中）Publicspeakingistheactofspeakingtoalargegroupofpeopleinahighlyorganizedmanner.____36____Theabilitytospeakconfidentlyinpublicnotonlywillmakeyoustandoutwhileincollege,butalsowillenableyoutoplayanactiveroleinyourworkplaceinthefuture.Publicspeakingofteninvolvestwomajorstagesofwork.Asforthepreparation,youshouldstartwithanaudienceanalysisanddecideonaspeechtopicandpurpose.____37____Afteryouanalyzeyouraudienceandsetaspeechobjective,youneedtogathermaterialstosupportyouridea.____38____Afteryougatherenoughmaterialsaboutthetopic,youthenneedtoorganizethemclearlyandlogically.____39____Inaspeech,shorterandsimplerwordsandsentencesarepreferredtolongandcomplexonessothatthelisteningaudiencewillunderstandwell.Besides,inordertobringemotionalresponsesintheaudience,variouskindsofrhetoricaldevices(修辞手法)areoftenemployedtoaddpowertothespeechlanguage.Tosuccessfullydeliveraspeech,youneedtodoalotofworkaswell.____40____Maybeyoualsoneedtopreparesomevisual(视觉的)aidssuchasPowerPointtohelpyouraudienceunderstandyouwell.A．Somepeoplethinkthatpublicspeakingcanbetrained.B．Knowingtheartofpublicspeakingisveryimportant.C．Inaddition,youshouldpayattentiontothetopicofyourspeech.D．Thelanguageofaspeechtendstobedifferentfromthatofwriting.E．YoucangatherthesematerialsfromtheInternetoryourpersonalexperience.F．Youneedtomakeeffectiveuseofyourvoicetoconveyyourmessageclearly.G．Themoreyouknowaboutyouraudience,thebetteryouwillpreparethespeech.（2023春·江苏南通·高二海安高级中学校考期中）TheMalaysiannightmarketisbasedonaconceptofopen-airshoppingwherestreelvendors(小贩)takeoveradesignatedstreettosetupstalls(货摊).Thenightmarketistheplacewhereyoucanhangaroundthestalls,enjoythesmelloflocalfoodsandmaybepickupsomeitems.Eachnightmarketcomprisesadifferentcombinationofstalls.____41____Thereisalwayssomethingnewandexcitingtolookforwardtoateachvisit.Thenightmarketsaretypicallyfrom5p.m.till10:30p.m.Youcangetanythingfromnightmarkets,beitgroceries,clothing,goodlocalfood,hotsnacks,householditems,freshproduce,andeventhelateststyles.Byaround6p.m.,themarketisinfullswingasthefirstgroupsofpeoplesweepin.Forthosewhocook,thereisstalluponstallsellingfreshseafood,meatproducts,andalimitlessvarietyofvegetables.____42____.Itisnosecretthatall-nightmarketsshareacommontreasure—tastystreetcuisine.____43____Theever-popularsoybeandrinkandsugarcanejuiceareapermanentfeaturehere.____44____Therefore,itisnotaplaceforthefaint-heartedorthegentle.Tomany,theyarefunandthrillingplacestoexplore.Youcanevenbeaddictedtodiscoveriesoftheantiquekindwhichcanbefoundinsomenightmarkets.Someplacesare24-hourmarkets,whicharelivelieratnightwhentraderssetupnumerousstallssellingunusuallocalfood,exotictropical(热带的)fruits,cheapclothes,second-handgoodsaswellasfreshproduce.Thenightmarketistrulyanexcitingexperienceandafeastfortheeyesonatropicalnightout.Theatmosphereisalmostfestive.____45____.A．Yourcuriositywillbesatisfiedhere.B．Thereissomuchtosee,buyandeat.C．Peoplewouldcomplainab