2022天津市高考英语一轮阅读理解专题选练及参考答案2

阅读下面短文，把握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Astudyhasshowedthatthebrainmakesdecisionsabout10secondsbeforeapersonrealizesit.Expertsinvolvedinthestudysaidthatlookingatbrainactivitywhilemakingadecision,theycouldpredictthechoicesthesubjectswouldmake,beforetheyrealizedthattheyhadmadeadecision.LeadresearcherJohn-DylanHaynes,aneuroscientist(神经学家)attheMaxPlanckInstituteforHumanCognitiveandBrainSciencesinLeipzig,saidthatthenewfindingscalledintoquestionsfor“consciousness”ofdecisionsthatpeoplemake,andmightevenchallengeideasastohow“free”peoplearetomakeadecisionataparticularmoment.“Wethinkourdecisionsareconscious,butthesedatashowthatconsciousnessisjustthetipoftheiceberg,”Naturemagazinequoted(引用)himassaying.Thinkingtheresults“quitedramatic”,FrankTongofVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Duringthestudy,thebrainsof14volunteerswereimagedastheyperformedadecision-makingtask.Thesubjectshadtwobuttonsbeforethem,eachtobeoperatedbyadifferenthand,whichtheycouldpresswhentheyfelttheurgeto.Theyweresimultaneously(同时地)shownastreamofletters,whichappearedonascreenathalf-secondintervals(间隔).Thevolunteershadtorememberwhichletterwasshowingwhentheydecidedtopresstheirbutton.Uponanalysisofthedata,theresearchersrealizedthattheearliestsignaltheycouldcatchstartedsevensecondsbeforethevolunteersreportedhavingmadetheirdecision.Giventhedelayofafewsecondsintheimaging,theyreckoned(估量)thatthebrainactivitycouldhavebegunabouttensecondsbeforetheconsciousdecision.Theresearchersshowedthatthesignalswerepickedupfromaregion(区域)calledthefrontopolarcortex(脑额极皮层),whichislocatedatthefrontofthebrain,immediatelybehindtheforehead.Whilewritingabouttheobservationsmadeduringtheresearchinhisstudyreport,Haynessaidthatthefrontopolarcortexmightbethebrainregionwheredecisionsarestarted.Healsoshowedthatthenextstepintheresearchwouldbetospeedupthedataanalysissoastoenablehisteamtopredictpeople’schoicesastheirbrainswouldmakethem.1.Thepassagetellsusthat______.A.weareawareofourwholeprocessofdecision-makingB.peopledon’tmakedecisionsuntiltheyrealizeitC.expertshavenowaytotellwhatdecisiononewillmakeD.thedecision-makingprocessstartsbeforeitismade2.Theunderlinedword“subjects”inPara.2probablyrefersto______.A.thetopicoftheexperts’researchpaperB.thescientificsubjectsthattheexpertswerestudyingC.thethingsthatexpertsdon’tknowclearlyD.thevolunteersthattheexpertsworkedonfortheirresearch3.Theunderlinedsentence“consciousnessisjustthetipoftheiceberg”inPara.4meansthat______.A.ourdecision-makingisconsciousB.thedatacontainsalotofinformationbesidesconsciousnessC.consciousnessisthemajorpartofthedataD.10secondsis“alifetime”intermsofbrainactivity4.Thefinalpurposeoftheresearch______.A.isnotstatedclearlyinthepassageB.isnotacknowledgedbyexpertsC.istoshowwheredecision-makingstartsD.istoanalyzethedatapickedup5.Thepassageimpliesthat______.A.theresearchhasbeencompletedB.theresearchwasconductedbytwoexpertsC.thedecision-makingprocesslastsonlyabout10secondsD.wemaypredictwhatdecisionspeoplewillmakeinthefuture【参考答案】1—4、DDBA阅读理解。 YaoMinglandedintheU．S．inthesummerof2002,7-feet,6-inchesworthoffancyfootwork（花式步伐）,armedwithasoftshootingtouch．HewasthetopplayerselectedbytheHoustonRockets,whosenewactivitiesplacewouldsoonbepromotedbyToyota．TheJapanesecarmakerhadjustopenedanewplantinChina,andthecompanyexpectsthatYaofanswouldsoonbecomeCorollafans． FormanyAmericans,YaowastheirunderstandingtotheChineseeconomicengine．Hewasagovernmentproject,broughtupfromayoungageinordertoshowthenewChinatotheworld．Chinafulfilleditspromise;sincethoseunforgettabledaysof2002,throughtheBeijingOlympicsandbeyond,thecountryhasstayedonitspathtowardssuperpowerfigure．Yao,sadly,fellshort． AccordingtoanearlyreportfromYahoo!Sports,whichwasconfirmedbyseveralothernewsorganizations,Yaoisgoingtoretire．Hejustcouldn’tconquertheinjuries．AbrokenboneinhisleftfootabsencedYaoafterjustfivegameslastseason．Abrokenfootforcedhimtomissallofthe2009-2010season．Infact,duetofootandkneeinjuries,Yaoplayedinmorethan55gamesjustonceoverthepastsixseasons． PriortoYao,playersover74"wereusuallyone-skillperson．ManuteBol,at77",blockedshotsand,duringonestretch,actedasashamedthree-pointer．ShawnBradley,76",hadskills,butwasfartoogentletobeastar．Yao,however,coulddoitall．Athistop,in2006-2007,heaveraged25pointspergame．Histurnaroundjumperwasunstoppable．Hispost-passeswereusuallyonthemoney．（Ithelpswhenyoucanseeovereveryone．）Yao,whoplayedinjusteightseasons,finishedhiscareeraveraging19．0points,and9．2rebounds,pergame．HisRocketsneveradvancedfurtherthanthesecondroundoftheplayoffs（季后赛）． Whateveron-courtmilestonesYao'sbodyneverallowedhimtoachieve,hemorethanmadeupforoffthecourt．Yaowassomuchmorethanabasketballplayer．TotheChinesepublicwhoadmiredhim,hewasasymbolofhishomecountry'spossibility．YaocarriedtheChineseflagattheOlympicopeningceremonies,soakingintheloveofhiscountry．61．Toyota'spurposeofsupportingYaoisto_______． A．letYaomingmakemoney． B．advertisetheircarswidely． C．organizetheirbasketballteam． D．letYaomingdrivetheircarstogames．62．WhendidChinakeeponitsdevelopmenttosomelargecountries? A．Since2000． B．In2006． C．In2007． D．In2010．63．WhatcanIknowinthefourthparagraph? A．ManuteBolhasintegratedskills． B．Yaominghasintegratedskills． C．ShawnBradleyhasintegratedskills． D．ShawnBradleyactedasashamedthree–pointer.64．Whatcanweinferfromthefifthparagraph? A．Yaomingdidn'tachieveanylifegoals． B．Yaomingisonlyagoodbasketballplayer． C．PeopleseethestrengthofChinafromYao． D．Yaomingalwaysholdsflagsinthegame．65．Whichoneofthefollowingstatingordersisright?a．TheJapanesecarmakersupportedYaoming．b．Yaomissedmanygamesduetofootandkneeinjuries,．c．YaoheldtheChineseflagattheOlympicopening．d．YaoMingwenttotheU．S．forthefirsttime． A．c,a,b,dB．d,b,c,a C．c,b,d,a D．d,a,c,b【参考答案】BABCDPassageTwelve(ReligionandRationality)

Yetthedifferenceintomeandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.Religionsaremany,reasonone.Religionconsistsofconsciousideas,hopes,enthusiasms,andobjectsofworship;itoperatesbygraceandflourishesbyprayer.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,notcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.Religionbringssomeorderintolifebyweightingitwithnewmaterials.Reasonaddstothenaturalmaterialsonlytheperfectorderwhichitintroducesintothem.Rationalityisnothingbutaform,anidealconstitutionwhichexperiencemaymoreorlessembody.Religionisapartofexperienceitself,amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthefoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.Religionalsohasaninstinctiveandblindsideandbubblesupinallmannerofchancepracticesandintuitions;soon,however,itfeelsitswaytowardtheheartofthings,andfromwhateverquarteritmaycome,veersinthedirectionoftheultimate.

Nevertheless,wemustconfessthatthisreligiouspursuitoftheLifeofReasonhasbeensingularlyabortive.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselves,toexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.Theirchiefanxietyhasbeentoofferimaginaryremediesformortalills,someofwhichareincurableessentially,whileothersmighthavebeenreallycuredbywell-directedeffort.TheGreedoracles,forinstance,pretendedtohealoutnaturalignorance,whichhasitsappropriatethoughdifficultcure,whiletheChristianvisionofheavenpretendedtobeanantidotetoournaturaldeath—theinevitablecorrelateofbirthandofachangingandconditionedexistence.Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.Toconfuseintelligenceanddislocatesentimentbygratuitousfictionsisashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness.Natureissoonavenged.Anunhealthyexaltationandaone-sidedmoralityhavetobefollowedbyregrettablereactions.Whenthesecome.Therealrewardsoflifemayseemvaintoarelaxedvitality,andtheverynameofvirtuemayirritateyoungspiritsuntrainedinandnaturalexcellence.Thusreligiontoooftendebauchesthemoralityitcomestosanctionandimpedesthescienceitoughttofulfill.

Whatisthesecretofthisineptitude?Whydoesreligion,soneartorationalityinitspurpose,fallsoshortofitinitsresults?Theansweriseasy;religionpursuesrationalitythroughtheimagination.Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremouldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallfood.Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.Hencethedepthandimportanceofreligionbecomesintelligiblenolessthanitscontradictionsandpracticaldisasters.Itsobjectisthesameasthatofreason,butitsmethodistoproceedbyintuitionandbyuncheckedpoeticalconceits.

1.

Asusedinthepassage,theauthorwoulddefine“wisdom”as

[A].thepursuitofrationalitythroughimagination.

.anunemotionalsearchforthetruth.

[C].apurposefulandunbiasedquestforwhatisbest.

[D].ashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness

2.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

[A].Religionseeksthetruththroughimagination,reason,initssearch,utilizestheemotions.

.Religionhasprovedanineffectivetoolinsolvingman’sproblems.

[C].Scienceseeksapiecemealsolutiontoman’squestions.

[D].Thefunctionsofphilosophyandreasonarethesame.

3.

Accordingtotheauthor,sciencediffersfromreligioninthat

[A].itisunawareofultimategoals.

.itisunimaginative.

[C].itsfindingsareexactandfinal.

[D].itresemblessocietyandart.

4.

Theauthorstatesthatreligiondiffersfromrationalityinthat

[A].itreliesonintuitionratherthanreasoning.

.itisnotconcernedwiththeultimatejustificationofitsinstinctiveaims.

[C].ithasdisappointedmankind.

[D].ithasinspiredmankind.

5.

Accordingtotheauthor,thepursuitofreligionhasprovedtobe

[A].imaginative.

.aproviderofhopeforthefuture.

[C].ahighlyintellectualactivity

[D].ineffectual.

Vocabulary

1.

grace

赏赐，慈祥，感化，感思祷告

2.

chide

责怪

3.

sentiment

情感

4.

inviolate

不受侵害的，纯洁的

5.

intent

意义，含义

6.

piecemeal

一件件，渐渐的，零碎的

7.

bubbleup

起泡，沸腾，兴奋

8.

veer

转变方向，转向

9.

abortive

夭折的，失败的，中断的，流产的。

10.

pale

范围，界限

11.

draught

要求

12.

oracle

神谕宣誓，预言，圣言

13.

antidote

解毒药，矫正方法

14.

correlate

相互关系

15.

dislocate

使离开原来位置，打乱正常秩序

16.

gratuitous

无偿的，没有理由的。

17.

debauch

使失落，放荡

18.

sanction

支持，鼓舞，认可

19.

impede

阻碍，制止

20.

ineptitude

不恰当，无能，愚蠢

21.

insinuate

示意

22.

remould

重塑，重铸

23.

aspiration

抱负，壮志

24.

arrogate

没来由反把……归于（to）

25.

literal

朴实的，字面的

26.

intelligible

可以理解的。

27.

conceit

幻想，奇想

难句译注

1.

Yetthedifferenceintomeandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.

[参考译文]

可是音调和语言的差异必定很快的给我们深刻的印象，就象哲学所说的那样：那种差异应提乡我们，即使宗教的功能和理性的功能恰好相符的话，其功能也是通过不同的器官在两种不同的状况下完成的。

2.

Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.

[参考译文]

另一方面，理性学问一种原则或者是潜在的秩序，我们的确可以在此基础上存在于我们心中，没有种种变化，或任何压力。

3.

Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,notcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.

[参考译文]

不论我们是否遵循理性，它不会极力或责怪我们，除了以事物的原来面目和比例揭示各种事物而自然而然的激起我们的感情，它并不需要我们付出任何感情。

4.

Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthefoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.

[参考译文]

宗教在其意义上，比社会，科学，艺术更自觉，更直接的追求“理性生活”，由于这些东西（社会，科学，艺术）临时而又零星的接近和填补抱负的生活，无视目的，也不管其本能的目标是否最终证明正确。

5.

oneandall

各个都，全部

6.

Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselves,toexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedfor