2022长沙市岳麓区高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习(10)及答案

阅读理解。ArecentstudyofancientandmodernelephantshascomeupwiththeunexpectedconclusionthattheAfricanelephantisdividedintotwodistinct(不同的)species.ThediscoverywasmadebyresearchersatYorkandHarvardUniversitieswhentheywereexaminingthegeneticrelationshipbetweentheancientwoollymammothandmastodontomodernelephants—theAsianelephant,Africanforestelephant,andAfricansavannaelephant.OncetheyobtainedDNAsequences(序列)fromtwofossils(化石),mammothsandmastodons,theteamcomparedthemwithDNAfrommodernelephants.TheyfoundtotheiramazementthatmodernforestandsavannaelephantsareasdistinctfromeachotherasAsianelephantsandmammoths.ThescientistsuseddetailedgeneticanalysistoprovethattheAfricansavannaelephantandtheAfricanforestelephanthavebeendistinctspeciesforseveralmillionyears.ThedivergenceofthetwospeciestookplacearoundthetimeofthedivergenceofAsianelephantsandwoollymammoths.Thisresultamazedallthescientists.Therehaslongbeendebateinthescientificcommunitythatthetwomightbeseparatespecies,butthisisthemostconvincingscientificevidencesofarthattheyareindeeddifferentspecies.Previously,manynaturalistsbelievedthatAfricansavannaelephantsandAfricanforestelephantsweretwopopulationsofthesamespecies,despitetheelephants'significantsizedifferences.Thesavannaelephanthasanaverageshoulderheightof3.5metreswhiletheforestelephanthasanaverageshoulderheightof2.5metres.Thesavannaelephantweighsbetweensixandseventons,roughlydoubletheweightoftheforestelephant.Butthefactthattheylooksodifferentdoesnotnecessarilymeantheyaredifferentspecies.HowevertheprooflayintheanalysisoftheDNA.AlfredRoca,assistantprofessorintheDepartmentofAnimalSciencesattheUniversityof本文叙述了一项新的科学发觉：通过对非洲森林大象和非洲草原大象DNA的鉴定，科学家们得出结论：它们是两种不同的物种。我们要疼惜这些珍稀动物。1．Oneofthefossilsstudiedbytheresearchersisthatof________A．theAsianelephant B．theforestelephantC．thesavannaelephant D．themastodonelephant答案：D。细节理解题。由第3段第一句话“...twofossils，mammothsandmastodons...”可知D项正确。2．Theunderlinedword“divergence”inParagraph4means“________”．A．evolution B．exhibitionC．separation D．examination答案：C。词义猜想题。科学家门始终在证明非洲森林大象和非洲草原大象是两种不同的物种，他们之间的分歧使科学家们大为惊异。3．Theresearchers'conclusionwasbasedonastudyoftheAfricanelephant's________.A．DNA B．heightC．weight D．population答案：A。细节理解题。由倒数其次段最终一句话“HowevertheprooflayintheanalysisoftheDNA”可知。4．WhatareAlfredRoca'swordsmainlyabout?A．TheconservationofAfricanelephants.B．ThepurposeofstudyingAfricanelephants.C．ThewaytodivideAfricanelephantsintotwounits.D．ThereasonforthedistinctionofAfricanelephants.答案：A。推理推断题。由文章最终一段“...forconservationpurposes”可知A项正确。5．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Naturalists'BeliefsaboutElephantsB．AmazingExperimentsaboutElephantsC．AnUnexpectedFindingaboutElephantsD．ALongScientificDebateaboutElephants答案：C。主旨大意题。全文叙述了关于非洲大象的一项意外的发觉。【阅读理解】故事类OneofmywonderfulmemoriesisaboutaChristmasgift.Unlikeothergifts,itcamewithoutwrap(包装)．OnSeptember11th,1958,MumgavebirthtoRichard.Aftershebroughthimhomefromhospital,sheputhiminmylap,saying,“Ipromisedyouagift,andhereitis.”Whatanhonor!Iturnedfouramonthearlierandnoneofmyfriendshadsuchababydolloftheirown.Iplayedwithitdayandnight.Isangtoit.Itolditstories.ItolditoverandoverhowmuchIlovedit!Onemorning,however,Ifounditsbedempty.Mydollwasgone!Icriedforit.Mumweptandtoldmethatthepoorlittlethinghadbeensenttoahospital.Ithadafever.Forseveraldays,IheardMumandDadwhisperingsuchwordsas“hopeless”，“pitiful”，and“dying”，whichsoundedominous.Christmaswascoming.“Don'texpectanypresentsthisyear，”Dadsaid,pointingatthesocksIhunginthelivingroom.“Ifyourbabybrotherlives,that'llbeChristmasenough.”Ashespoke,hiseyesfilledwithtears.I'dneverseenhimcrybefore.ThephonerangearlyonChristmasmorning.Dadjumpedoutofbedtoanswerit.FrommybedroomIheardhimsay,“What?He'sallright？”Hehungupandshoutedupstairs.“ThehospitalsaidwecanbringRichardhome！”“ThankGod！”IheardMumcry.Fromtheupstairswindow,Iwatchedmyparentsrushouttothecar.Ihadneverseenthemsohappy.AndIwasalsofullofjoy.Whatawonderfulday!Mybabydollwouldbehome.Irandownstairs.Mysocksstillhungthereflat.ButIknewtheywerenotempty;theywerefilledwithlove!1WhathappenedtotheauthoronSeptember11th,1958?A.Hegotababybrother.B.HegotaChristmasgift.C.Hebecamefouryearsold.D.Hereceivedadoll.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ominous”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Impossible.B.Boring.C.Difficult.D.Fearful.3.WhichwordcanbestdescribethefeelingofthefatherwhenChristmaswascoming?A.Excitement.B.Happiness.C.Sadness.D.Disappointment.4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.AsadChristmasday.B.Lifewithalovelybaby.C.AspecialChristmasgift.D.Memoriesofahappyfamily.【要点综述】“我”四岁时母亲给了“我”一件特殊的圣诞礼物：人娃娃——我可爱的弟弟Richard。但后来Richard发高烧差点夭折，经医院抢救得生，这使我更加珍爱我的“人娃娃”。1.A细节理解题。虽然表面上是有了一个娃娃，但事实上是有了亲弟弟。2.D词义猜想题。从该句前半部分中的“hopeless”，“pitiful”，and“dying”可知该词意思是“令人可怕的”。虽然其他三个词均表示消极含义，但只有fearful表示“我”可怕“弟弟”离“我”而去。3.C推理推断题。从第四段最终两句Ashespoke,hiseyesfilledwithtears.I’dneverseenhimcrybefore.可知父亲感到格外难过。4.C主旨大意题。第一段一开头便定义我的弟弟Richard是一件特殊的圣诞礼物。虽然弟弟Richard差点离我们而去，但后来还是得以平安回家，因此圣诞节并不凄惨。B和D选项外延过大，此段材料只是截取生活中的一个片段，并非整个和Richard一起生活的全部。阅读理解。ManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheautomobile(汽车).ButHenryForddidnotstarttobuildhisfirstcaruntil1896.ThatwaselevenyearsaftertwoGermansdevelopedtheworld'sfirstautomobile.ManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheproductionlinethatmovedacar'spartstotheworker,insteadofmakingtheworkermovetotheparts.Thatisnottrue,either.ManyfactoryownersusedmethodsofthiskindbeforeFord.WhatHenryForddidwastouseotherpeople'sideasandmakethembetter.Andhemadethewholefactoryamovingproductionline.Intheearlydaysoftheautomobile,almosteverycarmakerracedhiscars.Itwasthebestwayofgainingpublicnotice.HenryForddecidedtobuildaracingcar.Ford'smostfamousracewashisfirstone.Itwasalsothelastraceinwhichhedrovethecarhimself.Theracewasin1901,atafieldnearDetroit.Allofthemostfamouscarshadentered,butonlytwowereleft:theWintonandFord's.TheWintonwasfamousforitsspeed.Mostpeoplethoughttheracewasoverbeforeitbegan.TheWintontookanearlylead.Buthalfwaythroughtherace,itbegantolosepower.Fordstartedtogain.Andneartheendoftherace,hetookthelead.FordwontheraceanddefeatedtheWinton.Hisnameappearedinnewspapersandhebecamewell-knownallovertheUnitedStates.Withinweeksoftherace,HenryFordformedanewautomobilecompany.Inthe1903,adoctorinDetroitboughtthefirstcarfromthecompany.ThatsalewasthebeginningofHenryFord'sdream.Fordsaid:"Iwillbuildamotorcarforthegreatmassofpeople.Itwillbelargeenoughforthefamily,butsmallenoughforonepersontooperateandcarefor.Itwillbebuiltofthebestmaterials.Itwillbebuiltbythebestmentobeemployed.Anditwillbebuiltwiththesimplestplansthatmodemengineeringcanproduce.Itwillbesolowinpricethatnomanmakinggoodmoneywillbeunabletoownone."TheModelTwasacarofthatkind.Itonlycost$850.Itwasasimplemachinethatdriverscoulddependon.DoctorsboughttheModelT.Sodidfarmers.Evencriminals.Theyconsidereditthefastestandsurestformoftransportation.AmericanslovedtheModelT.Theywrotestoriesandsongsaboutit.ThousandsofModelT'swerebuiltinthefirstfewyears.()1.WhatdoweknowaboutHenryFordfromParagraph1?A.Hemadegooduseofideasfromothers.B.Heproducedthefirstcarintheworld.C.Heknewhowtoimproveautoparts.D.Heinventedtheproductionline.【答案】：A【解析】：细节题。由文章WhatHenryForddidwastouseotherpeople'sideasandmakethembetter.可选A。()2.WhydidHenryFordtakepartinthe1901carrace?A.Toshowoffhisdrivingskills.B.Todrawpublicattention.C.Tolearnaboutnewtechnology.D.Toraisemoneyforhisnewcompany.【答案】：B【解析】：细节题。由文章第3段TheWintonwasfamousforitsspeed.Mostpeoplethoughttheracewasoverbeforeitbegan.可得出B。()3.“Thatsale”inParagraph4refersto.A.thesellingofFordcarsatreducedpricesB.thesaleofModelTtothemassofpeopleC.thesellingofacartoaDetroitdoctorD.thesalestargetfortheFordCompany【答案】：C【解析】：猜想词义，有上文Inthe1903,adoctorinDetroitboughtthefirstcarfromthecompany.可知。()4.WhatwasHenryFord'sdreamaccordingtothetext?A.Producingcarsforaveragecustomers.B.Buildingracingcarsofsimpledesign.C.Designingmorecarmodels.D.Startingmorecompanies.【答案】：A 【解析】：细节题，由Iwillbuildamotorcarforthegreatmassofpeople可选A。完形填空。阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳答案。Itwasthenightbeforethecompositionwasdue.AsIlookedatthelistoftopics(题目),“TheArtofEatingSpaghetti(意大利面条)”caughtmyeye.Theword“spaghetti”broughtbackthe1ofaneveningatUncleAlien’sinBelleville2allofuswereseatedaroundthetableandAuntPat3spaghettiforsupper.Spaghettiwasanexotic(外来的)treatin4days.NeverhadIeatenspaghetti,and5ofthegrown-upshadenoughexperiencetobe6it.Whatlaughing7wehadaboutthe8respectablemethodformovingspaghettifromplatetomouth.9,Iwantedtowriteaboutthat,butIwantedto10itdownsimplyformyown11,notforMr.Fleagle,mycompositionteacher.12,Iwouldwritesomethingelse.WhenIfinisheditthenightwashalfgoneandtherewasno13lefttowriteapropercompositionforMr.Fleagle.Therewasnochoicenextmorningbutto14mywork.TwodayspassedbeforeMr.Fleaglereturnedthe15papers.Hesaid,”Now,class,Iwanttoreadyouacomposition,“TheArtofEatingSpaghetti.”Mywords!Hewasreadingmywordsout16tothewholeclass.17laughed,thenthewholeclasswaslaughingwithopen-heartedenjoyment.Ididmybestnottoshow18,butwhatIwasfeelingwaspurehappiness,19mywordshadthepowertomakepeople20.()1.A.memoryB.thoughtC.knowledgeD.experience答案:A()2.A.whenB.whereC.sinceD.after答案:A()3.A.cookedB.servedC.gotD.made答案:B()4.A.theirB.pastC.lastD.those答案:D()5.A.noneB.oneC.someD.neither答案:A()6.A.carefulaboutB.goodatC.fondofD.interestedin答案:B()7.A.speechesB.lessonsC.sayingsD.arguments答案:D()8.A.nearlyB.naturallyC.officiallyD.socially答案:D()9.A.EspeciallyB.ProbablyC.SuddenlyD.Fortunately答案:C()10.A.settleB.putC.takeD.let答案:B()11.A.workB.storyC.luckD.joy答案:D()12.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.AsforhimD.Exceptforthat答案:C()13.A.timeB.excuseC.wayD.idea答案:A()14.A.giveupB.continueC.handinD.delay答案:C()15.A.writtenB.gradedC.collectedD.calmly答案:B()16.A.loudB.fastC.publiclyD.calmly答案:A()17.A.PeopleB.NobodyC.SomebodyD.I答案:C()18.A.shockB.wonderC.worryD.pleasure答案:D()19.A.ifB.forC.whileD.although答案:B()20.A.excitedB.satisfiedC.thinkD.laugh答案:D1.提示:此处是指作者想起了从前的一件事，memory在此处的意思是“回忆、留在记忆中的人或事”。题干中的bringback的意思为“使……回忆起”