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2022年大学英语考试真题卷九
(本卷共分为1大题50小题.作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。)
单位:姓名:考号:
题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分
分值
得分
一、单项选择题(共50题,每题2分。每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意)
1.Everyonewantstobehealthyandhappy.(62),iIInessoraccidents
mayoccurwithoutany(63).Frequentlythepersonwhois(64)can
becaredforathomeifthereissomeone(65)oflookingafterhimunder
thedoctor*s(66).Sometimesarrangementscanbe(67)fora
visitingnursetogivethenecessary(68)onceaday,oroftener,if
necessary.Theresponsibleoneinthehome(69)onwiththerestof
thecareduringthe(70)betweenthenurses'visits.Therapid
diagnosisandimmediatetreatment(71)thespotofanaccidentor
suddeniIIness,(72)awaitingthearrivalofdoctors,iscalledthe
firstaidandquite(73)fromthehomenursing.WheniIInessdoes
come,thewholefamiIyis(74).Manyadjustmentshavetohemade(75)
thefamilyroutineneedn1tbe(76)completely.Oftenitcanhe
rearrangedwithhomedutiessimplifiedtosavetimeandenergy,thus
reducing(77)onthefamily.The(78)responsibiIityforgiving
nursingcareisusually79byoneperson,frequentlythemother.
(80),inorderthatshemayhavesomemuchneededrest,or(81)she
herselfisill,othermembersofthefamilyshouIdlearnhowtohelpwhen
sicknessoccurs.
A.maintained
B.ignored
C.neglected
D.disturbed
2.Everyonewantstobehealthyandhappy.(62),iIInessoraccidents
mayoccurwithoutany(63).Frequentlythepersonwhois(64)can
becaredforathomeifthereissomeone(65)ofIookingafterhimunder
thedoctor's(66)Sometimesarrangementscanbe(67)fora
visitingnursetogivethenecessary(68)onceaday,oroftener,if
necessary.Theresponsibleoneinthehome(69)onwiththerestof
thecareduringthe(70)betweenthenurses*visits.Therapid
diagnosisandimmediatetreatment(71)thespotofanaccidentor
suddeniIIness,(72)awaitingthearrivalofdoctors,iscalledthe
firstaidandquite(73)fromthehomenursing.Wheni11nessdoes
come,thewholefamiIyis(74).Manyadjustmentshavetohemade(75)
thefamilyroutineneedn,tbe(76)completely.Oftenitcanhe
rearrangedwithhomedutiessimpIifiedtosavetimeandenergy,thus
reducing(77)onthefamily.The(78)responsibiIityforgiving
nursingcareisusually79byoneperson,frequentlythemother.
(80),inorderthatshemayhavesomemuchneededrest,or(81)she
herselfisill,othermembersofthefamilyshouIdlearnhowtohelpwhen
sicknessoccurs.
A.strain
B.trouble
C.worry
D.pain
3.Everyonewantstobehealthyandhappy.(62),iIInessoraccidents
mayoccurwithoutany(63).FrequentIythepersonwhois(64)can
becaredforathomeifthereissomeone(65)ofIookingafterhimunder
thedoctor's(66).Sometimesarrangementscanbe(67)fora
visitingnursetogivethenecessary(68)onceaday,oroftener,if
necessary.Theresponsibleoneinthehome(69)onwiththerestof
thecareduringthe(70)betweenthenurses'visits.Therapid
diagnosisandimmediatetreatment(71)thespotofanaccidentor
suddeniIIness,(72)awaitingthearrivalofdoctors,iscalledthe
firstaidandquite(73)fromthehomenursing.Wheni11nessdoes
come,thewholefamilyis(74).Manyadjustmentshavetohemade(75)
thefamilyroutineneednJtbe(76)compIeteIy.Oftenitcanhe
rearrangedwithhomedutiessimplifiedtosavetimeandenergy,thus
reducing(77)onthefamily.The(78)responsibiIityforgiving
nursingcareisusually79byoneperson,frequentlythemother.
(80),inorderthatshemayhavesomemuchneededrest,or(81)she
herselfisill,othermembersofthefamilyshouIdlearnhowtohelpwhen
sicknessoccurs.
A.technical
B.overall
C.minor
D.reasonable
4.Everyonewantstobehealthyandhappy.(62),iIInessoraccidents
mayoccurwithoutany(63).Frequentlythepersonwhois(64)can
becaredforathomeifthereissomeone(65)ofIookingafterhimunder
thedoctor's(66)Sometimesarrangementscanbe(67)fora
visitingnursetogivethenecessary(68)onceaday,oroftener,if
necessary.Theresponsibleoneinthehome(69)onwiththerestof
thecareduringthe(70)betweenthenurses'visits.Therapid
diagnosisandimmediatetreatment(71)thespotofanaccidentor
suddeniIIness,(72)awaitingthearrivalofdoctors,iscalledthe
firstaidandquite(73)fromthehomenursing.WheniIInessdoes
come,thewholefamilyis(74).Manyadjustmentshavetohemade(75)
thefamilyroutineneedn'tbe(76)compIeteIy.Oftenitcanhe
rearrangedwithhomedutiessimpIifiedtosavetimeandenergy,thus
reducing(77)onthefamily.The(78)responsibiIityforgiving
nursingcareisusually79byoneperson,frequentlythemother.
(80),inorderthatshemayhavesomemuchneededrest,or(81)she
herselfisill,othermembersofthefamilyshouIdlearnhowtohelpwhen
sicknessoccurs.
A.consumed
B.retained
C.assumed
D.obtained
5.Everyonewantstobehealthyandhappy.(62),iIInessoraccidents
mayoccurwithoutany(63).Frequentlythepersonwhois(64)can
becaredforathomeifthereissomeone(65)ofIookingafterhimunder
thedoctor1s(66).Sometimesarrangementscanbe(67)fora
visitingnursetogivethenecessary(68)onceaday,oroftener,if
necessary.Theresponsibleoneinthehome(69)onwiththerestof
thecareduringthe(70)betweenthenurses'visits.Therapid
diagnosisandimmediatetreatment(71)thespotofanaccidentor
suddeniIIness,(72)awaitingthearrivalofdoctors,iscalledthe
firstaidandquite(73)fromthehomenursing.Wheni11nessdoes
come,thewholefamiIyis(74).Manyadjustmentshavetohemade(75)
thefamilyroutineneedn*tbe(76)compIeteIy.Oftenitcanhe
rearrangedwithhomedutiessimplifiedtosavetimeandenergy,thus
reducing(77)onthefamily.The(78)responsibiIityforgiving
nursingcareisusuaIly79byoneperson,frequentlythemother.
(80),inorderthatshemayhavesomemuchneededrest,or(81)she
herselfisill,othermembersofthefamilyshouIdlearnhowtohelpwhen
sicknessoccurs.
A.Consequently
B.Moreover
C.Unexpectedly
D.However
6.Everyonewantstobehealthyandhappy.(62),iIInessoraccidents
mayoccurwithoutany(63).Frequentlythepersonwhois(64)can
becaredforathomeifthereissomeone(65)ofIookingafterhimunder
thedoctor1s(66).Sometimesarrangementscanbe(67)fora
visitingnursetogivethenecessary(68)onceaday,oroftener,if
necessary.Theresponsibleoneinthehome(69)onwiththerestof
thecareduringthe(70)betweenthenurses*visits.Therapid
diagnosisandimmediatetreatment(71)thespotofanaccidentor
suddeniIIness,(72)awaitingthearrivalofdoctors,iscalledthe
firstaidandquite(73)fromthehomenursing.Wheni11nessdoes
come,thewholefamilyis(74).Manyadjustmentshavetohemade(75)
thefamilyroutineneedn1tbe(76)compIeteIy.Oftenitcanhe
rearrangedwithhomedutiessimplifiedtosavetimeandenergy,thus
reducing(77)onthefamily.The(78)responsibiIityforgiving
nursingcareisusually79byoneperson,frequentlythemother.
(80),inorderthatshemayhavesomemuchneededrest,or(81)she
herselfisill,othermembersofthefamilyshouldIearnhowtohelpwhen
sicknessoccurs.
A.infact
B.incase
C.asaresult
D.onthecontrary
7.
{{BJJTEXTA{{/B}}
ItwasaIittIeafter5a.m.inmyhomewhenJerzyDudek,thePolish
goaIkeeperofLiverpoolFootbaIIClub,savedapenaltyfromAndriy
Shevcbenko,aUkrainianplayingforACMiIan.Thesaveendedthemost
excitingsportingeventyouwi11eversee,securedforLiverpoolthetop
Europeansoccerchampionshipforthefirsttimein21years,anda11owed
metobreathe.Withinseconds,mywifehadcalledfromLondon,andthe
e-mailsstartedtofloodin-thefirstfromTIME*sBaghdadbureau,
othersfromSydney,London,WashingtonandNewYork.InmyfumbIed
excitement,Imisdialedmybrother*sphonenumberthreetimes.Then
StevenGerrard,Liverpool*scaptain,Iiftedthetrophy,andbehindthe
CantonesechatteroftheTVcommentatorsIcouldjustmakeout40,000
LiverpudIianvoicessingingtheirclub1santhem,You*11NeverWaIkAIone.
Andthat*swhenIstartedtocry.
Apartfromthebig,obviousthings-love,death,chiIdren-most
ofthereaIIywaIlopingemotionaIhighsandIowsofmyIifehaveinvoIved
watchingLiverpool.Therewastheecstasyofbeinginthecrowdwhenthe
clubwontheEuropeanchampionshipin1978,andthehorrorofsettIing
downinmyofficefora1985Europeanchampionshipgame——onlytowatch
JuventusfansgetcrushedtodeathwhensomeLiverpoolsupportersrioted.
Throughlongexperience,myfamilyhascometoknowthattheirchances
ofhavingavaguelypleasanthusbandandfatheronanygivenSundaydepend
largelyonhowLiverpoolfaredthepreviousday.Butwhatonearthmakes
this-Iet'sadmitit-prettyunsophisticateddevotiontothefortunes
ofmenI,venevermetanddon1treallywanttosopowerful
Fandom-theobsessionalidentificationwithasportsteam-is
universal.Thegreatestbookeveronthepsychologyofbeingafan,Nick
Hornby*sFeverPitch,waswrittenaboutaLondonsoccerteambuteasily
translatedintoafiImabouttheBostonRedSox.ParticularlyintheU.
S.,itseemspossibletobeafanofateamthat*sbasedfarfromwhere
youhaveeverIived,butIsuspecttheoriginsofmyobsessionaremore
common.Ididn'thavemuchchoiceinthematter.Bothmyparentswere
bornintinyrowhousesastone*sthrowfromLiverpool'sstadium.My
fathertookmetomyfirstgameasasmalIchiId,andfromthemoment
IsawwhatwasbehindthefamiIiarbrickwaIIs-a11thosepeopIe!That
walIofnoise!Theforbidden,dangeroussmelIsofcigarettesandbeer!
Iwashooked.
WefansIiketodescribeourpassioninreIigiousterms,asifthe
placesourheroesplayaresecularcathedrals.It'seasytoseewhy.
Whenyoutruly,deepIyloveasportsteam,yougiveyourselfupto
somethingbiggerthanyourself,notjustbecauseyourindividualityis
renderedinsignificantinthemassofthecrowd,butbecausebeingafan
involvesfaith.Nomatterwhatitscurrentformmaybe,yourteamisworthy
ofblinddevotion-orwiIIsoonredeemitseIf.BeliefisalI.AsBrookIyn
Dodgersfanssaidinthe1950s:wait1tiInextyear.
Butasyougetolder,itbecomeshardertobeIieve.Yes,theDodgers
wontheWorIdSeriesin1955;buttheyarentevercomingbackfromLos
AngeIes.Lossoffaithcansetin.That,however,iswhenyouappreciate
thedeeperbenefitsofbeingafan.Forme,'followingonesoccerteam
hasbeentheconnectivetissueofmylife.IleftLiverpooltogoto
co11egeandhaveneverhadthesIightestdesiretoIivethereagain,but
wanderingaroundtheworldrIivinginsevendifferentcitiesinthree
continents,mypassionwasthethingthatgavemeasenseofwhat"home"
meant.Beingafanbecameafixedpoint,whereverIIived;itwas-it
is-oneofthetwoorthreethingsthatIthinkofasmakingme,well,
me.
Butfandomdoesmore,thandefeatdistanceandgeography.Itactsas
atimemachine.ThereisonlyonethingthatIhavedoneconsistentIy
fornearly50years,andthatissupportLiverpool.Tobeafanisa
blessing,foritconnectsyouasnothingelsecantochiIdhood,andto
everythingandeveryonethatmarkedyourIifebetweenyourtimeasachiId
andthepresent.SowhenIsatinHongKongatdawnlastweekwatching
thegameonTV,Ididn1thavetotrytomanufacturethetiny,
inconsequentialstrandsthatmakeupaIife.TheyweretherealIaround
me.TeaatmyGrandma*safteragame;afavoriteuncIewhodiedtooyoung;
bemusedgirifriendswhodidn'tgetit(Imarriedtheonewhodid);the
21stbirthdaycakethatmymothericedinLiverpool'scolors;mytiny
daughtersintheirfirstclubshirts;thebestfriendswithwhomI'
velonglosttouch.WhatdoesbeingafanmeanItmeansyou'IInever
walkalone.
Thepassagewasprobablywrittenin.
A.1978
B.1985
C.1999
D.2006
8.{{BHTEXTB{{/B}}
Isn'titamazinghowoneperson,sharingoneidea,attherighttime
andpIacecanchangethecourseofyourIife'shistoryThisiscertainly
whathappenedinmyIife.WhenIwas14,IwashitchhikingfromHouston,
Texas,throughElPasoonmywaytoCalifornia.Iwasfollowingmydream,
journeyingwiththesun.IwasahighschooIdropoutwithlearning
disabiIitiesandwassetonsurfingthebiggestwavesintheworld,first
inCaliforniaandtheninHawaii(whereIwouldlaterIive.
UponreachingdowntownElPaso,Imetanoldman,abum,onthestreet
comer.HesawmewaIking,stoppedmeandquestionedmeasIpassedby.
HeaskedmeifIwasrunningawayfromhome,IsupposebecauseIIooked
soyoung.Itoldhim,"Notexactly,sir,"sineemyfatherhadgivenme
aridetothefreewayinHoustonandgivenmehisblessingswhilesaying,
"Itisimportanttofollowyourdreamandwhatisinyourheart,son.”
Thebumthenaskedmeifhecouldbuymeacupofcoffee.Itoldhim,
"No,sir,butasodawouldbegreat."WewaIkedtoacomermaltshopand
satdownonacoupIeofswivelingstooIswhileweenjoyedourdrinks.
Afterconversingforafewminutes,thefriendlybumtoldmetofollow
him,Hetoldmethathehadsomethinggrandtoshowmeandsharewith
me.WewaIkedacoupIeofblocksuntiIwecameuponthedowntownElPaso
PubIicLibrary.
WewaIkedupitsfrontstepsandstoppedatasmalIinformationstand.
HerethebumspoketoasmiIingodIlady,andaskedherifshewouldbe
kindenoughtowatchmythingsforamomentwhileheandIenteredthe
Iibrary.Ileftmybelongingswiththisgrandmotherlyfigureandentered
intothismagnificentha11ofIearning.
Thebumfirstledmetoatableandaskedmetositdownandwaitfor
amomentwhileheIookedforsomethingspeciaIamongsttheshelves.A
fewmomentslater,hereturnedwithacoupleofoldbooksunderhisarms
andsetthemonthetable.Hethensatdownbesidemeandspoke.Hestarted
withafewstatementsthatwereveryspecialandthatchangedmyIife.
Hesaid,"TherearetwothingsthatIwanttoteachyou,youngman,and
theyarethese:"numberoneistoneverjudgeabookbyitscover,for
acovercanfoolyou."Hefollowedwith,"IbetyouthinkI*mabum,
don,tyou,youngman"
Isaid,"WeiI,uh,yes,Iguessso,sir."
“Well,youngman,I'vegotaIittlesurpriseforyou.Iamoneof
theweaIthiestmenintheworId.IhaveprobabIyeverythinganymancouId
everwant.IoriginallycomefromtheNortheastandhavea11thethings
thatmoneycanbuy.Butayearago,mywifepassedaway,blesshersoul,
andsincethenIhavebeendeeplyreflectinguponIife.Irealizedthere
werecertainthingsIhadnotyetexperiencedinIife,oneofwhichwas
whatitwouIdbeIiketoIiveIikeabumonthestreets.Imadeacommitmerit
tomyseIftodoexactIythatforoneyear.Forthepastyear,Ihavebeen
goingfromcitytocitydoingjustthat.So,yousee,don'teverjudge
abookbyitscover,foracovercanfoolyou.”
nNumbertwoistolearnhowtoread,myboy,forthereisonlyone
thingthatpeopIecan'ttakeawayfromyou,andthatisyourwisdom."
Atthatmoment,hereachedforward,grabbedmyrighthandinhisandput
themuponthebookshe'dpuIIedfromthesheIves.Theywerethewritings
ofPlatoandAristotIe-immortaIclassicsfromancienttimes.
ThebumthenledmebackpastthesmiIingoldwomanneartheentrance,
downthestepsandbackonthestreetsnearwherewefirstmet.Hisparting
requestwasformetoneverforgetwhathetaughtme.
Wecaninferfromthepassagethatat14,theauthor.
A.didnotdowellinhisstudy
B.didnotlikehismother
C.plannedtoliveinCaliforniaallhislife
D.didnotlikehislifeinHuston
9.(IB)}TEXTC{{/B}}
Ittakesawhile,asyouwalkaroundthestreetsofNantes,acity
ofhaftami11ionpeopIeonthebanksoftheLoireRiver,torealizejust
whatitisthatisodd.Thenyougetit:thereareemptyparkingslots,
whichishighlyunusualinbigFrenchtowns.
TwodecadesofefforttomakeIifemoreIivabIebydissuadingpeopIe
fromdrivingintotownNasmadeNantesabeaconforotherEuropeancities
seekingtoshakedependenceontheautomobiIe.
TheeffectswereclearrecentIyduringMobiIityWeek,acampaign
sponsoredbytheEuropeanUnionthatpromptedmorethan1,000townsacross
theContinenttotestwaysofmakingtheirstreets,ifnotcarfree,at
leastmanageable."ThatisanawfuIIydifficultproblem,“acknowledges
JoelCrawford,anauthorandleaderofthe"carfree"movementpicking
upadherentsalIoverEurope."Youcan*ttakecarsoutofcitiesuntiI
thereissomesortofalternativeinpIace.Buttherearealotofforces
pointinginthedirectionofamajorreductionincaruse,Iiketherise
infuelprices,andconcernsaboutgIobaIwarming."
Lastweek,procIaimingthesIogan'*InTown,WithoutmyCar!"hundreds
ofcitiescIosedoffwholechunksoftheircenterstoalIbutessential
traffic.NantescIosedjustafewstreets,preferringtofocuson
alternativestodrivingsoastopromote"CleverCommuting",thetheme
ofthisyear'sEUcampaign.VolunteerspedaIedrickshawsalongthe
cobbIedstreets,chargingpassengers$1.20anhour;bikeswereavaiIable
forfree;andcityworkersencouragedchiIdrentowalktoschooIalong
routessupervisedbyadultsactingasPiedPipersandpickingupkids
atarrangedstops.
Thecenterpieceisastate-of-the-arttramwayprovidingserviceto
muchofthetown,andanetworkoffree,multistoryparkinglotsto
encouragecommutersto"park,andride".ReneVincendo,aretired
hospitalworkerwaitingatonesuchparkingIotforhiswifetoreturn
fromthecitycenter,issold,"Togointotown,thisisbrilliant,"he
says.MInevertakemycarinnow."
Itisnotcheap,though.Beyondtheconstructioncosts,CityHalI
subsidizesfarestothetuneof60mi11ioneuros($72mi11ion)ayear,
makingpassengerspayonly40percentofoperatingcosts.
ThatistheonlywaytodrawpeopIeontotramsandbuses,saysdeRugy,
sinceNantes,IikemanyEuropeancities,isexpanding,andcommutersfind
themselveswithever-longerdistancestotravel.Thedanger,hewarns,
isthat"thefurtheryougodowntherouteOfcardependence,theharder
itistoreturn,becausesomanyshops,schooIsandotherservicesare
builtbeyondthereachofanyfinanciallyfeasiblepubIic-transport
network."This,addsdeRugy,meansthat"transportpolicyisonlyhalf
theanswer.Urbanplannersandtransportauthoritieshavetoworkhand
inhandtoensurethatservicesareprovidedclosetotransportIinks.*'
Thecarrot-and-stickapproachthatNanteshastaken-cuttingback
onparkinginthetowncenterandmakingitexpensive,whileimproving
pubIictransport-hasnotreducedthenumberofcarsontheroad.But.
ithas"putabrakeontheincreasewewouldhaveseenotherwise"and
thatotherEuropeancitieshaveseen,saysDominiqueGodineau,headof
thecity,s"mobiIitydepartment".
WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecityofNantes
A.NantesiswiththebesttrafficconditioninFrance.
B.Nantesusedtobecrowdedwithcars.
C.ThegovernmentofNantesisthefirsttodissuadepeoplefromdriving
intotown.
D.ThegovernmentofNantessucceedsinraisingpeopleyslivingstandard.
10.{{BJJTEXTD({/BJJ
Theneedforasatisfactoryeducationismoreimportantthanever
before.Nowadays,withoutaquaIificationfromareputableschoolor
university,theoddsoflandingthatplumjobadvertisedinthepaper
areconsiderablyshortened.Moreover,one*spresentIeveIofeducation
couldfa11weIIshortoffuturecareerrequirements.
Itisnosecretthatcompelitionisthedrivingforcebehindtheneed
toobtainincreasinglyhigherquaIifications.Inthemajorityofcases,
theurgetoupgradeisnoIongertheresultofaninsatiablethirstfor
knowledge.Thepressureiscomingfromwithintheworkplacetocompete
withevermorequaIifiedjobapplicants,andinmanyoccupationsonemust
nowbattIewithcolleaguesinthereshuffleforthepositiononealready
holds.
Strivingtobecomebettereducatedishardlyanewconcept.Wealthy
parentshavealwaysbeenwi11ingtospendthevastamountsofextramoney
necessarytosendtheirchiIdrentoschooIswithaperceivededucationaI
edge.Workingadultshavelongattendednightschoolsandrefresher
courses.CompelitionforempIoymenthasbeenaroundsincethecurseof
workingforaIivingbegan.Isthepresentsituationsoverydifferent
tothatofthepast
Thedifferencenowisthatthepushisuniversalandfromwithoutas
weIIaswithin.AstudentatsecondaryschooIreceivinglowgradesis
nolongeraseasilyacceptedbyhisorherpeersaswasoncethecase.
Similarly,intheworkplace,unlessempIoyeesareengagedinpart-time
study,theymaybefrowneduponbytheiremployersandpeersandhave
difficultyevenstandingsti11.Infact,inthesecases,theexpectation
isforcareerstogobackwardsandearningcapacitytotakeanappreciable
nosedive.
Atfirstglance,thesituationwouIdseemtobelaudabIe——apositive
responsetotheexhortationbyaformerPrimeMinister,BobHawke,for
AustraIiatobecometheMcIevercountry".Yetthereseriousramifications
accordingtoatleastoneeducationaIpsychologist.DrBrendanGatsby
hascausedsomecontroversyinacademiccirolesbysuggestingthatabias
towardswhathetermspaperexcellencemightcausemoreproblemsthan
itissupposedtosolve.Gatsbyraisesanumberofissuesthataffect
theindividualaswe11associetyingeneral.
Firstly,hebeIievestheextraworkloadinvoIvedisresultingin
abnormallyhighstressIeveIsinbothstudentsatsecondaryschooIand
adultsstudyingafterworkinghours.SecondIytski11swhichmightbemore
relevanttotheundertakingofasought-afterjobarebeingoverlooked
byemployersinterviewingcandidateswithoutquaIificationsonpaper.
Thesetwoareasofconcernfortheindividualarecausingphysicaland
emotionaIstressrespectively.
Gatsbyalsoarguesthatthereareattitudinalchangeswithinsociety
totheexaltedroleeducationnowplaysindetermininghowthespoiIs
ofworkingIifearedistributed.IndividuaIsofalIagesarebeingdriven
bysociaIpressurestoachieveacademicsuccesssolelyformonetary
considerationsinsteadofforthejoyofenlightenment.Thereisthe
dangerthatsomeuniversitiesarebecomingdegreefactorieswithan
attendantdropinstandards.Furthermore,oureducationsystemmaybe
rewardingdoggednessabovecreativity-theverythingAustralianshave
beenencouragedtoavoid.ButthemostundesirabIeeffectofthisacademic
paperchase,Gatsbysays,isthedisadvantage"userpays"higher
educationconfersonthepoor,whoinvariablyloseouttothemore
financiallyfavored.
NaturaIly,althoughthereisagreementthatIearningcancausestress.
Gatsby'scommentsregardinguniversitystandardshavebeenroundly
criticizedasalarmistbymost
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