2016-全国职称英语等级考试历年真题详解及考前押题试卷-卫生类A级

全国职称英语等级考试名师押题卷

（卫生类A级）

第1部分：词汇选项（第1〜15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接

近的选项。

1.Listeningtoalightmusichelpsalleviatethedistressingsymptomsofanxiety.

A.raiseB.lessenC.leadtoD.strengthen

2.Theherbalremedywasonceconsideredtobegreatlyeffectiveforinfests'stingsbyold-timers.

A.ingredientB.cureC.operationD.pill

3.Localresidentsneededhospitaltreatmentafterinhalingfumesfromthefire.

A.breathinginB.swallowingC.sippingD.guzzling

4.Intheworldasawhole,abouttenpercentofallpregnanciesareterminated.

A.abolishedB.completedC.endedD.tormented

5.Adiplomainpsychiatricnursingisdefinitelynecessaryforapersonwhowantstobea

clinicalpsychologist.

A.researchB.trainingC.courseD.certificate

6.Achemistcanseparateamedicineintoitscomponents.

A.mixturesB.compoundsC.ingredientsD.types

7.Mostoftheoccupantshaveevacuatedfromtheareabeforethefirebrokeout.

A.originatedB.removedC.reachedD.trapped

8.SomeOlympicathleteswereexpelledfbrdrug-taking.

A.dismissedB.sentencedC.punishedD.criticized

9.Consoleyourselfwiththethoughtthatyouhavetriedyourbest.

A.improveB.calmC.encourageD.comfort

10.Ahospitalspokesmansaidshehadsufferedafatalheartattack.

A.dangerousB.deadlyC.threateningD.serious

11.Hehasthisirritatinghabitofconstantlyscratchinghisnose.

A.pleasantB.satisfyingC.annoyingD.uneducated

12.Thebuildingdoesnotconformtosafetyregulations.

A.violateB.actagainstC.abidebyD.stick

13.Thepatientaftertheoperationwalkedwithapronouncedlimp.

A.definiteB.lightC.severeD.unstable

14.Herassistantwasaccusedoftheftandfraudbythepolice.

A.indictedB.chargedwithC.criticizedforD.blamedfor

1-

15.Thecharterproclaimedthatallstateswouldhavetheirowngovernment.

A.approvedB.explainedC.admittedD.declared

第2部分：阅读判断（第16〜22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提

供的是正确信息，请选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有

提及，请选择Co

PollutioncouldbeaFactorinAutism（自闭症）

Pollutioncouldbeafactorinautism,researchershavefound.Theysaychildrenwithautism

spectrumdisorder（ASD）（自闭症谱系障碍）weremorelikelytohavebeenexposedtohigher

levelsofcertainairtoxics（有毒气体）duringtheirmothers'pregnanciesandthefirsttwoyearsof

lifecompared.Thefindcouldhelpexplaintheriseincases.

TheinvestigationofchildreninsouthwesternPennsylvaniawillbepresentedtodayatthe

AmericanAssociationforAerosolResearchannualmeetinginOrlando."Autismspectrumdisorders

areamajorpublichealthproblem,andtheirprevalencehasincreaseddramatically,wsaidEvelyn

TalbottofPittPublicHealth,wholedtheresearch.n"Despiteitsserioussocialimpact,thecausesof

autismarepoorlyunderstood.n"Veryfewstudiesofautismhaveincludedenvironmentalexposures

whiletakingintoaccountotherpersonalandbehavioralriskfactors.“Ouranalysisisanadditionto

thesmallbutgrowingbodyofresearchthatconsidersairtoxicsasoneoftheriskfactorsforASD.”

Dr.Talbottandhercolleaguesperformedapopulation-basedstudyoffamilieswithandwithout

ASDlivinginsixsouthwesternPennsylvaniacounties.Theresearchersfoundlinksbetween

increasedlevelsofchromium（铭）andstyrene（苯乙烯）andchildhoodautismspectrumdisorder,a

conditionthataffectsonein68children.

“Thisstudybringsusastepclosertowardunderstandingwhyautismaffectssomanyfamilies

inthePittsburghregionandnationwide—andreinforcesinsoberingdetailthatairqualitymatters,

saidGrantOliphant,presidentofTheHeinzEndowments."Ouraspirationsfortrulybecomingthe

mostlivablecitycannotberealizedifourchildrenshealthisthreatenedbydangerouslevelsofair

toxics.w

Autismspectrumdisordersarearangeofconditionscharacterizedbvsocialdeficits（社交困

难）andcommunicationdifficultiesthattypicallybecomeapparentearlyinchildhood.Reported

casesofASDhaverisennearlyeight-fbldinthelasttwodecades.Whilepreviousstudieshave

showntheincreasetobepartiallyduetochangesindiagnostic（诊断的）practicesandgreater

publicawarenessofautism,thisdoesnotfullyexplaintheincreasedprevalence.

Bothgeneticandenvironmentalfactorsarebelievedtobepartiallyresponsible."Ourresults

addtothegrowingbodyofevidencelinkingenvironmentalexposures（接触），suchasairpollution,

toASD,“saidDr.Talbott."Thenextstepwillbeconfirmingourfindingswithstudiesthatmeasure

thespecificexposuretoairpollutantsatanindividualleveltoverifytheseEPA（Environmental

ProtectionAgency）modeledestimates.w

-2-

16.Thefindthatpollutioncouldbeafactorinautism（自闭症）couldhelpexplainthe

dramaticincreaseincases.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17.Studiesofautismhaveincludedotherpersonalandbehavioralriskfactors,aswellas

environmentalexposures.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18.EvelynTalbottstatedthattheiranalysisservesasanadditiontoinsufficientresearchesof

autismastheyhadtakenwaterpollutantsasoneoftheriskfactorsfbrASD.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19.Dr.TalbottandhercolleagueslaunchedapopulationSbasedresearchofschools.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20.It,sratherdifficultfbrouraspirationfbrtrulybecomingthemostlivablecitytoberealized

ifourchildren'shealthisindangerofairpollutions.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21.Autismspectrumdisorderscanbedetectedinchildhoodaschildrenwithautismmayappear

communicationdifficulties.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22.AccordingtoDr.Talbott,environmental,ratherthangeneticfactorsarebelievedtobe

partiallyresponsible.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23〜30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1〜4

段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个

最佳选项。

FireAnts

1FiresAntsareaggressive,willdefensivelyattackanythingthatdisturbsthem,andcansting

repeatedly.Thefireantbitesitsvictimbysecuringitselftotheskinwithitsmandibles（下颗），

causingpain,then,usingitsheadasapivot,theantswingsitsabdomen（腹部腹腔）inanarc,

repeatedlystingingthevictimwithanabdominalstinger（腹刺）.Upto40percentofthepeoplewho

liveininfested（害虫出没的：群居的）urbanareasmaybestungeachyear,andmorethan30deaths

havebeenattributedtotheseinsectbites.

2Thefireantstingusuallyproducesimmediatepainandared,swollenarea,which

disappearswithin45minutes.Ablister（水泡）thenforms,rupturing（破裂）in30to70hours,and

theareaoftenbecomesinfected.Insomecases,ared,swollen（肿胀），itchy（发痒的）patch

developsinsteadofablister.Althoughthestingsarenotusuallylifethreatening,theyareeasily

infectedandmayleavepermanentscars.

3Somepeoplebecomesensitivetofireantstingsandshouldseektheadviceofanallergist

-3-

（专科医师）.Anaphylaxis（过敏反应）（alife-threateningallergicreaction）occursinaboutoneto

twopercentofthepeoplestungbyfireants.Therefore,ifastingleadstoshortnessofbreath,

tightnessandswelling（膨胀）inthethroat,tightnessinthechest,increasedpulserate,swellingof

thetongueandmouth,dizziness,ornausea,thepersonshouldbetakentoahospitalemergency

departmentimmediately.Somepeoplemaylapseintoacoma（休克）—formevenonesting.

4Firstaidforfireantstingsincludesplacinganicecubeoverthestingtoreducethepainand

toslowadsorptionofthevenom.Atopicalsteroidcream（类固爵药音）canhelpcombatlocal

swellinganditching.Anantihistamine（抗组织胺药）maypreventsomelocalsymptomsifgiven

early,butitworkstooslowlytocounteractalife-threateningallergicreaction.Peoplewhoare

allergictostingsshouldalwayscarryakitwithantihistaminetabletsandapre-loadedsyringeof

epinephrine（肾上腺素）.

23.Paragraph1A.Firstaidforfireantsslings

B.Howfireantsattackvictims

24.Paragraph2C.Whyfireantsstingvictims

D.Thepossiblesymptomsafterstungbyfireants

25.Paragraph3

E.Thedeadlythreatoffireantsstings-anaphylaxis

26.Paragraph4F.Thecommonhabitsoffireants

27.FiresAntsareaggressivebecausetheywilldefensivelyattackanythingthat

28.Insomecases,ared,swollen,itchypatchdevelops

29.Ifastingleadstoshortnessofbreath,tightnessandswelling（膨胀）inthethroat,tightness

inthechest,increasedpulserate,swellingofthetongueandmouth,dizziness,ornausea,.

30.Thesuggestionforpeoplewhoareallergictostingsisthattheyshouldalwayscarry.

A.anicecube,topicalsteroidcream（类固醉药膏）andanantihistamine（抗组织胺药）

B.disturbsthem,andcanstingrepeatedly

C.insteadofanallergicreaction

D.akitwithantihistaminetabletsandapre-loadedsyringeofepinephrine

E.ratherthanablister

F.thepersonshouldbesenttoahospitalemergencydepartmentassoonaspossible

第4部分；阅读理解（第31-45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第•篇ChinaPollution:HowAirDomesMayHelpBeijing

Onmostdays,athickblanketofpoisonoussmoghoversoverBeijing.Butoneday,Chinats

capitalcouldbedottedwithdomesfilledwithcleanair.

Orproject,aLondon-basedarchitectureanddesignfirm,hasdevisedtheBubblesproject,a

—4—

designthatenvisionsmassive,balloon-likestructuresfilledwithcleanair.Thevegetationinsidethe

parkwouldproducecleanairfbrthoselivinginsidethebuildingsontheperimeter（边缘）ofthe

bubbles,whilealsoprovidingasmog-freespacefbrresidentstospendtimeinthefauxoutdoors.

RajatSodhi,directorofOrprojectIndia,spentayearandahalfdevelopingtheideawiththe

firm'sBeijingteam."Theseedofthisprojectwastherealizationthatindevelopingcountries,

especiallymajorcitiesinIndiaandChina,theairqualityhascrossedunacceptablelimits.wMr.

Sodhiexplains."Youreallycan'tstepoutandbeoutdoors.Youjustmovefromoneair-conditioned

spacetoanolher.”

Thegroupdecidedtodesignthelargedomes（圆屋顶）usingpatternsfoundinnature."Ifyou

lookatthestructureofabutterflywingorthatofaleaf,ithasadensepatternthatallowsthe

structuretobefairlystableandfairlylargebutusingverylittlematerial,"Mr.Sodhisays.

TheskinoftherooftopbubbleswouldbecreatedfromETFE（四氟乙烯），anextremely

durable,lightweightmaterialthatwillnotdecomposeovertime.Eachbubblewouldbefilledwith

gas,allowingittofloat.Theentirestructurewouldbeshapedandanchoredwithsteelsupports.

TheprojecthasreceivedmixedreactionssinceitwasfirstreleasedinJanuary.Butcriticsargue

thattheconceptsmacksofdefeatism.WhybothertoridtheairofpollutionincitieslikeBeijingif

bubblesofcleanairareavailable?Otherssaytheplanissimplyunrealisticand,atbest,wouldleadto

twoclassesofcitizensinpollutedareas.Presumablyonlyawealthyfewwouldgainaccesstothe

bubble,leavingtheunluckymajoritytrappedinsmog.

RajatSodhibelievesthereactioncomesfromthosewhowanttosolveenvironmentalproblems,

thoughhesaysthatisn'thisgoal.He*sanarchitectwhocreateslivingspaces,hecontends.The

Bubblesprojectcouldworkinavarietyoflocationswherepeoplearebarredfromenjoyinggreen,

openspacesfbrmuchoftheyear.

31.AbouttheBubblesproject,whichofthefollowingdescriptionscannotberevealedbasedon

theinformationinthispassage?

A.TheBubblesprojectiscreatedbyOrproject,aLondon-basedarchitectureanddesignfirm.

B.TheBubblesprojectisshapedasaballoonandfilledwithcleanair.

C.Iftheresidentsinsidetheparkwanttospendtimeinthefauxoutdoors,theywillhaveto

sufferfromthesmog.

D.Peoplelivingthebubblesinhalefreshairproducedbyvegetationinsidethepark.

32.Toputitspecifically,whocreatedanddevelopedtheideaoftheBubbles?

A.RajatSodhi,directorofOrprojectIndia.

B.RajatSodhi,directorofOrprojectIndiawiththefirm,sBeijingteam.

C.Thefirm*sBeijingteam.

D.OrprojectIndiawiththefirm'sBeijingteam.

33.ThewordudecomposeMinParagraph5probablyrefersto.

A.decayorrot

B.disappearorvanish

C.propagateorbreed

-5-

D.volatilize

34.Onthetopicofrooftopofthebubbles,whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

A.Theentirestructurewouldbeshapedandfixedwithsteelsupports.

B.TheskinoftherooftopbubbleswouldbecreatedfromETFE.

C.Therooftopofbubblesismadeofextremelydurable,lightweightmaterial.

D.Eachbubblewouldbefilledwithwatervapor.

35.AHthefollowingstatementsserveasobjectivereactionstotheprojectsinceitwasfirst

releasedexcept.

A.theplanissimplyunrealisticanditwouldleadtotwoclassesofcitizensinpollutedareas

B.whybothertoridtheairofpollutionincitieslikeBeijingifbubblesofcleanairare

available

C.theshapeofBubblesprojectisunattractiveasitborrowsthestructureofabutterflywing

orthatofaleaf

D.onlyawealthyfewwouldgainaccesstothebubble,leavingtheunluckymajority

trappedinsmog

第二篇SeveralEbolaQuestionsYou'reWonderingAbout

Wheredoesthename“Ebola”comefrom?

ThevirusisnamedaftertheEbolaRiverinwhatisnowtheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo.

That'swheretheviruswasdiscoveredin1976.

Ifthere'snovaccine（疫苗）orcure,whataredoctorsdoingtotreatEbolapatients?

Fornow,alldoctorscandoistreatthesymptomsandprovidesupportivecarelikemonitoring

heartrate,bloodpressure,andbreathingwhilemakingsurethepatients'fluidsarereplenished（充足

的）.Sometimespatientsaregivenantibiotics（抗生素）totreatotherpossibleinfections.Thehopeis

tosustainthepatientthroughtheinfectionsotheirimmunesystemcaneventuallyclearthevirus.

IhearyoucanonlygetEbolathroughdirectcontactwithaninfectedperson*sbodilyfluids.

Doesthatmeanyouneedtohaveanopenwoundorsomething?

Awound,sure,buttheskincanalsohavemicro-abrasions（细微擦伤）youcan,tsee.

Additionally,theviruscangetintoyourbodythroughyoureyesandmouthifthoseareascomeinto

contactwithsomethingthatcontainsthebodilyfluids（体液）ofaninfectedperson.That'swhy

healthcareworkersaresupposedtokeepthemselvescompletelycoveredwhiletreatingpatients.

CanEbolaspreadthroughsweat?

Yes,theviruscanbepresentinsweat.

Whataboutsex?

Sure,thoughsexwhileinfectedwithEbolaseemsunlikely.InpastEbolaoutbreaks,menwho

survivedthediseaseweretoldtorefrainfromsexorusecondomsforaboutthreemonthsafter

recoverybecausetheviruscanbepresentinsemen.

WhyistherenovaccineordrugforEbola?

Thereareseveralpromisingdrugsandvaccinesindevelopment,butsinceEbolaisless

-6-

common—andresearchaboutitisnotwellfunded—thereisnodrugorvaccinethathasbeen

approvedforuseinhumans.OneexperimentalserumwasusedbythetwoAmericanpatients,but

there*snotenoughforwidespreaduseyet.Manyoftheotherdrugsandvaccineshavenotyetbeen

testedinhumans.TheWHOismeetingnextweektodiscusswhetherexperimentaltreatments

shouldbeusedduringthisoutbreak.

Howdidthevirusstartanyway?

ThenaturalreservoirforEbolaremainsunknown,butresearchershypothesizethatthefirst

infectedinanoutbreaklikelybecomesinfectedthroughcontactwithaninfectedanimal.Batsare

thoughttobeacarrierofthevirus.

36.Wheredoesthename“Ebola”originatefrom?

A.Il'snamedaftertheEbolaRiverinwhatisnowtheGuinea.

B.It'snamedaftertheEbolaRiverinwhatisnowtheSierraLeone.

C.It'snamedaftertheEbolaRiverinwhatisnowtheLiberia.

D.Il'snamedaftertheEbolaRiverinwhatisnowtheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo.

37.WhatmeasureswillnotthedoctorstaketotreatEbolapatients,ifthere1snovaccine?

A.Thedoctorswilltreatthesymptomsandprovidesupportivecarelikemonitoringheartrate,

bloodpressure,andbreathing.

B.ThedoctorswillgivetheEbolapatientsantibiotics（抗生素）totreatotherpossible

infections.

C.Thedoctorsdon'tneedtoguaranteethatthepatients'fluidsarereplenished（充足的）.

D.Thedoctorswilltrytosustainthepatientthroughtheinfectionsotheirimmunesystem

caneventuallyclearthevirus.

38.Accordingtotheanswers,Ebolaviruswouldspreadthroughthefollowingways

except.

A.awound

B.ahugwithcompletelycoveredclothes

C.bodilyfluidsorsweat

D.sex

39.ResearchersfailedindevelopingeffectivevaccinesordrugsfbrEbolabecauseofthe

followingsexcept.

A.ebolaislesscommon-andresearchaboutitisnotwellfunded

B.oneexperimentalserumwasusedbythetwoAmericanpatients,butthere*snotenough

fbrwidespreaduseyet

C.theexperimentofusingvaccinesordrugsinhumansendedinfailure

D.manyoftheotherdrugsandvaccineshavenotyetbeentestedinhumans

40.WhowasthefirstcarrierofEbolavirus?

A.Bats.B.Rats.

C.TheEbolaRiver.D.Doctors.

-7-

第三篇FriendlyDoctorsare"BadforYourHealth"

uFriendlydoctorsare'badfortheirpatients*healthw,researchershavewarnedasanewstudy

revealedtwothirdsofyoungmedicsstruggletobetruthfulwithpatientstheylike.Blurringthelines

betweensocialandprofessionalrelationshipscanimpactonthelevelofcareofferedandprevent

patientsfrombeinghonestaboutimportantsideeffects.

DoctorsshouldrefrainfromaddingpatientsasfriendsonFacebook,theyshouldnothugor

allowpatientstocallthembytheirfirstnames,regulatorshavewarned.Theysaidthosewhobreach

theboundariescouldfacedisciplinaryaction.

Itcomesasasurveyof338oncologistsundertheageof40,publishedinTheLancetOncology,

found59percentsaidtheyfounditdifficulttotellthetruthtothosepatientstheyliked.60%percent

ofrespondentssaidifdoctorsfelttooclosetotheirpatients,itcouldpreventthemfrommaking

objectivedecisionsaboutaperson*scare.

LesleyFallowfield,ofBrightonandSussexMedicalSchool,said:uOncology（肿瘤学）isa

specialtythatcanbeenormouslyrewardingbutisfraughtwithmanychallenges.n"Youngoncologists

havetomasterdealingwithanxiouspatientswhoarefacingalife-threateningdisease;conveyingthe

trueprognosis（预后症）伏）;discussingthecomplexityofmodemtreatments;andexplainingthe

unavailabilityofsomedrugs,theside-effectsoftreatment,andlikelytherapeuticaims.”

Butshesaidforthosedoctorswhohaveenteredtheprofessionintheageofthe“cyberworldw，

aremorelikelytofallvictimtoblurring（难以区分）theprofessionalboundarieswithpatients.She

said:"Thedifficulty,ifyouhugandkisspatients,ifyouallowthemtocallyoubyyourfirstname,is

thatquicklytherelationshipcanbecomeconfusedasasocialoneratherthanaprofessionalone.

Doctorsbecomeconfused,'Ireallylikethisperson,andhowcanIbeartotellthemthatthey're

goingtodie?'Theyfinditmoredifficulttobeobjective.w

ProfessorFallowfieldsaidwhiledoctorscanfindithardertobetruthful,andbreakbadnewsto

patients,blurringtheprofessionallinescanimpactonthepatients*behaviortoo.Shesaidthose

beingtreatedcan“feelintimidatedaboutcomplainingw,orfailtoraiseissuesregardingunpleasant

sideeffectsoftreatment,whichcouldprovevitallyimportant.

Thestudyfoundhalfofdoctorsquestionedhadgivenpatientstheirpersonalmobilenumbers,a

fifthhadacceptedsocialinvitationsfrompatientsand14percenthadacceptedthemasfriendson

Facebook.

AspokesmanfbrtheGeneralMedicalCouncil,whichregulatesdoctors,said:"Theriseinthe

useofsocialmediaalsobringsnewchallengesanddoctorsmustconsidertherisksinvolvedandthe

impactitcouldhaveontherelationshiowiththeirpatients.w

41.Theauthor*spurposeofwritingthisarticleistoadvisedoctors.

A.tobetruthfulwithpatientstheylike

B.clearlinesbetweensocialandprofessionalrelationships

C.tobefriendlytopatients

D.acceptsocialinvitationsfrompatients

-8-

42.Accordingtotheregulators,doctorscould

A.addpatientsasfriendsonFacebook

B.hugthepatientstheylike

C.allowpatientstocallthembytheirfirstnames

D.callthepatientsbytheirfirstnames

43.BasedonthesurveypublishedinTheLancetOntology,whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

A.Thisresearchinvestigated338oncologistsundertheageof40.

B.59percentsaidtheyfounditdifficulttotellthetruthtothosepatientstheyliked.

C.60%percentofpatientssaidifdoctorsfelttooclosetotheirpatients,itcouldprevent

themfrommakingobjectivedecisionsaboutaperson,scare.

D.60%percentofrespondentssaidthatcloserelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients

couldinfluencetheformerJsobjectivedecisionsaboutaperson*scare.

44.Ontheissueofoncology,LesleyFallowfielddoesn*tsuggestthatyoungoncologists

should.

A.dealwithanxiouspatientsthoughtheyarenotfacingalife-threateningdisease

B.informpatientsofthetrueprognosis（预后症状）

C.discussthecomplexityofmodemtreatments

D.explaintheunavailabilityofsomedrugs,theside-effectsoftreatment,andlikelytherapeutic

aims

45.InthelightofProfessorFallowfield,ifsomedoctorsblurtheprofessionalboundarieswith

patients,whatwouldnothappen?

A.Theywouldfinditmoredifficulttotellthepatientsthattheyaregoingtodie.

B.Patientswouldfeeliteasy（oraiseissuesregardingunpleasantsideeffectsoftreatment.

C.Thosebeingtreatedcanwfeelintimidatedaboutcomplaining.

D.PatientsTbehaviorwouldbeaffectedtoobytheblurringrelationship.

第5部分：补全短文（第46〜50题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分

别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

FreezeYourChickentoAvoidFoodPoisoning

Freezingmeatonceitishomefromthesupennarketcouldkilldeadlybugs.（46）

Campylobacter（弯曲杆菌）bugscancausestomachupsets（肠胃不适），vomiting（呕吐）and

diarrhea（腹泻）.

Familiesshouldfreezeanddefrost（解冻）chickeniftheywanttoavoidfoodpoisoning,a

healthchiefsaid17,November.（47）Around100ofthevictimsdiefromvomiting

andstomachupsets.

Fordecades,retailersandofficialshaveknownthatCampylobacterisrifeonpoultry（家禽）

farmsbuthavefailedtotakeaction.InsteadanofficialatPublicHealthEnglandsuggestsconsumers

-9-

canhelpprotectthemselvesbyfreezingchickenafterpurchaseandthoroughlydefrostingitbefore

cooking.FriedaJorgensensaid:(48)

Thoroughlycookingpoultrymakesitsafebutthediseasestillinfectsahugenumberofpeople,

costingtheBritisheconomyanestimated£9millionayearinhealthcostsandmissedworkhours.

Thefreezingprocessaddsanextralevelofsecurityintheeventofundercookedmeat.Dr

Jorgensenadded:"FreezingdoesbringaboutareductioninthenumberofCampylobacter

cells.w(49)"ReducingthenumberofCampylobactercellsonthechickencanmatter

intermsofthepublichealthrisk/

(50)uIt'sacompletecop-outtotrytoputresponsibilityonconsumerstohaveto

cleanuppoorpracticescausedearlierinthefoodsupplychain/saidRichardLloyd,ofconsumer

group."TheFoodStandardsAgency,retailersandpoultryproducersneedtomakelowering

Campylobacterlevelsamuchgreaterpriority.Thepoultryindustrymustalsocleanupitsactandbe

moreaccountableandtransparent."

A.However,consumergroupssaidretailersshouldtakeresponsibi.ityforthesafetyoftheir

food.

K"ConsumerswillreducetheirexposureofCampylobacteriftheyeatfrozenchickeninstead

offreshchicken.w

C."Webelievethattheycanreducethemby90percentbyundertakingthisfreezingprocess.p

D.Theprocessoffreezingmeatkillsupto90percentofCampylobacter(弯曲杆菌)cells.

E.Freshchickenattractedalargenumber