【2021春走向高考】高三英语一轮(人教版)复习练习：选修6-Unit-4

第一部分选修六Unit4Ⅰ.阅读理解(2022·皖南八校其次次联考)Wesometimesthinkglobalwarmingorclimatechangeisaproblemveryfarawayfromourlives,andthatonlythegovernmentneedstoworryaboutit.Butit'shardlypossibletocompletelystayoutofit—scientistsarenow95percentsurethathumanshavebeenthe“dominantcause”ofglobalwarmingtrendssincethe1950s.OneoftheconclusionsofareportreleasedonSept27bytheUnitedNationssaysthathumanactivitieshavecausedglobaltemperaturestoriseby0.89℃between1901and2022.Thatmightnotseemlikealot,butthetruthisthatamajorpartofthatheathasbeenabsorbedintotheoceans,whichisnotsurprisinggiventhattheycovertwothirdsofEarth'ssurface.Also,waterhasamuchgreatercapacity(容量)toabsorbheatthantheairdoes,accordingtoTheWhilemanygreenhousegasesoccurnaturallyandareneededtokeeptheEarthwarmenoughtosupportlife,humans'useoffossilfuelsisthemainsourceofexcess(多余的)greenhousegases.AccordingtoCNN,bydrivingcars,usingelectricityproducedbyburningcoalandoilorheatingourhomeswithcoalornaturalgas,wereleasealargeamountofgreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere.Yourbodycanbarelyfeeladifferenceof0.89℃，buttheEarth'secosystemsaresosensitivethatevensmallchangescandisturbthem.Itoftenstartswiththesmallestcreaturesatthebottomofthefoodchain,eventuallyaffectingbiggeranimals,manyofwhichcouldendupbecomingGlobalwarmingisalsolinkedtoanincreaseinextremeweather.Alargeramountofcarbondioxidetrapsmoreenergyinsidetheatmosphere.Thischangesthepatternsofstormsandrainfallinmanyregionsandcanleadtodroughtsandfloods.Worsestill,meltingseaiceinwarmeroceansiscausingsealevelstoriseataspeedofmorethanthreemillimetersperyear,accordingtoTheGuardian,whichalsoincreasestheriskofflooding.“Thereportshouldserveasanotherwake­upcallthatouractivitiestodayhaveaprofoundimpactonsociety,notonlyforus,butformanygenerationstocome，”FrenchMichelJarraud,secretary­generaloftheWorldMeteorologicalOrganization,saidatanewsconference.文章大意：全球变暖不是只有政府才关怀的事，它与我们每个人都息息相关。1．Theunderlinedword“dominant”inthefirstparagraphmeans“________”．A．common B．indirectC．secondary D．leading答案：D猜想词义题。画线词所在句意：现在科学家可以95%确定人类是20世纪50年月以来全球变暖的主要缘由。所以画线词意为“主要的”。2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．GreenhousegaseshavebeenproventoharmmerelytheEarth.B．Thereislittlewecandotopreventglobalwarming.C．Globalwarmingcanincreasethechancesofdroughtsandfloods.D．Thehugenessofoceansmakesthembetterabsorbersofheatthantheair.答案：C细节理解题。由第五段第三句话“Thischangesthepatternsofstormsandrainfallinmanyregionsandcanleadtodroughtsandfloods.”可知，C项正确。3．Theriseinglobaltemperaturesbetween1901and2022______.A．ismoreharmfultosmallercreaturesthanbiggeronesB．isnotseriousbecausemostoftheextraheathasbeenabsorbedbytheoceansC．hasmadetheEarth'secosystemsmoresensitivetochangesD．islikelytocausemanyspeciestobecomeextinct答案：D细节理解题。由第四段最终一句话“Itoftenstartswiththesmallestcreaturesatthebottomofthefoodchain,eventuallyaffectingbiggeranimals,manyofwhichcouldendupbecomingextinct.”可知，D项正确。4．WhatisMichelJarraud'sattitudetowardthereportreleasedbytheUN?A．Negative. B．Supportive.C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested.答案：B推理推断题。由最终一段他所说的话“Thereportshouldserveasanotherwake­upcallthatouractivitiestodayhaveaprofoundimpactonsociety,notonlyforus,butformanygenerationstocome”可推知，他认为联合国的报告对我们有提示作用，所以是支持该报告的。Ⅱ.完形填空(2022·南京市、盐城市二模)MarkTwainsaidthat“habitishabit,andnottobeflung(扔)outthewindowbyanyone,butcoaxed(劝诱)downstairsastepatatime.”Thechancesofsuccessfullychangingnegativebehavior__1__whenyoumakegradualchangesthatgiveyoutimeto__2__negativepatternsforpositiveones.Onanygivenday,countlessnumbersofusgetoutofbedand__3__tobegintochangeagivenbehavior“today”.Whetheritbeexercisingmore,drinkingless,managingtime__4__orsomeotherchangeinanegativebehavior,westartoutwithhigh__5__.Inashorttime,however,avastmajorityofpeoplefailandaresoondoing__6__itwastheythoughttheyshouldn'tbedoing.Afterconsiderableresearch,someresearchersbelievethatbehaviorchangesusuallydonot__7__iftheystartwiththechangeitself.__8__，theybelievethatwemust__9__aseriesof“stages”toadequatelyprepareourselvesforthat__10__change.Onceyouhaveanalyzedallthefactorsthat__11__whatyoudo,youmustdecidewhichbehavior­changetechniquewillworkbestforyou.AccordingtothepsychologistAlbertEllis,most__12__problemsandrelatedbehaviorsarisefromirrational(不理性的)statementsthatpeoplemaketo__13__wheneventsintheirlivesaredifferentfromwhattheywouldlikethemtobe.Forexample,supposeafterdoing__14__onanexam,yousaytoyourself，“Ican'tbelieveIfailedthateasyexam.I'msostupid.”Bychangingthisirrational“catastrophic”self­talkintorational,__15__statementsaboutwhatisreallygoingon,youcanincreasethe__16__thatpositivebehaviorswilloccur.Positiveself­talkmightbe__17__asfollows:“Ireallydidn'tstudyenoughfortheexam.Ijustneedtoprepareforthenext__18__.”Suchself­talkwillhelpyoutorecoverquicklyfrom__19__andtakepositivestepstocorrectthesituation.Someothertechniquelikepurposefully__20__orstoppingnegativethoughtsandrefusingtodwellon(沉湎于)negativeimagescanalsospareyouwastedenergy,timeandemotionalresourcesandmoveontopositivechanges.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“我们”自身养成的一些坏习惯不是一朝一夕就能转变的。想成功地改掉这些消极的行为就必需给“我们”一些时间用乐观的行为来替代消极的行为。1．A．decline B．remainC．disappear D．improve答案：D考查动词辨析。依据下文中的“whenyoumakegradualchangesthatgiveyoutimeto__2__negativepatternsforpositiveones”可知，此处是指成功地转变消极行为的可能性会得到改善。improve意为“改善，提高”，符合语境。故选D项。decline意为“下降”；remain意为“照旧，保持”；disappear意为“消逝”，均与语境不符。2．A．substitute B．cancelC．find D．ignore答案：A考查动词辨析。由语境可知，此处指用一些乐观的行为来替代一些消极的行为。固定短语：substitutesth.forsth.意为“用……来替代……”，符合语境。故选A项。cancel意为“取消”；find意为“找到，发觉”；ignore意为“忽视”，均与语境不符。3．A．refuse B．determineC．hesitate D．advocate答案：B考查动词辨析。依据下文中的“...westartoutwithhigh__5__.Inashorttime,however,avastmajorityofpeoplefail...”可知，每天很多人起床之后都下定决心从“今日”开头转变一些行为。determine意为“下决心”，符合语境。故选B项。refuse意为“拒绝”；hesitate意为“迟疑”；advocate意为“提倡”，均与语境不符。4．A．more B．betterC．worse D．less答案：B考查副词辨析。依据上文中的“beexercisingmore，drinkingless”(多熬炼，少喝酒)可知，此处指更好地支配时间。better意为“更好地”，符合语境。故选B项。more意为“更多”；worse意为“更糟糕”；less意为“更少”，均与语境不符。5．A．values B．requirementsC．expectations D．levels答案：C考查名词辨析。依据下文可知，此处指我们带着高的期望值开头。expectation意为“期盼”，符合语境。故选C项。value意为“价值”；requirement意为“要求”；level意为“水平”，均与语境不符。6．A．whichever B．howeverC．wherever D．whatever答案：D考查名词性从句。依据句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“was”的表语，且没有范围限制，所以使用whatever，意为“无论什么”。故选D项。whichever意为“无论哪个(些)”，有范围限制；however意为“无论怎样”；wherever意为“无论哪里”，均与语境不符。7．A．succeed B．failC．exist D．fade答案：A考查动词辨析。依据下文可知，文中认为必需要经受一系列的阶段来为最终的转变做好充分预备，因此假如只是转变习惯本身是不会成功的。succeed意为“成功”，符合语境。故选A项。fail意为“失败”；exist意为“存在”；fade意为“凋谢，褪色”，均与语境不符。8．A．Nevertheless B．OtherwiseC．Instead D．Moreover答案：C考查副词辨析。依据上文“转变习惯本身是不会成功的”和下文“我们必需要经受一系列的阶段为最终的转变做好充分预备”可知，此处是确定后者否定前者，instead意为“相反”，符合语境。故选C项。nevertheless意为“然而“；otherwise意为“否则”；moreover意为“而且”，均与语境不符。9．A．lookthrough B．breakthroughC．gothrough D．pullthrough答案：C考查动词短语辨析。我们必需要经受一系列的阶段为最终的转变做好充分预备。gothrough意为“经受，通过”，符合语境。故选C项。lookthrough意为“扫瞄，检查”；breakthrough意为“突破”；pullthrough意为“渡过难关，恢复健康”，均与语境不符。10．A．initial B．temporaryC．instant D．eventual答案：D考查形容词辨析。依据上文可知，假如我们要成功地转变这些坏的习惯，就要为最终的变化做好充分的预备。eventual意为“最终的”，符合语境。故选D项。initial意为“最初的”；temporary意为“临时的”；instant意为“马上的”，均与语境不符。11．A．involve B．influenceC．explain D．adjust答案：B考查动词辨析。句意为：一旦你已经分析出影响你行为的全部因素，你就必需打算出哪些转变行为的技巧会对你最起作用。influence意为“影响”，符合语境。故选B项。involve意为“包括，涉及”；explain意为“解释”；adjust意为“调整，适应”，均与语境不符。12．A．emotional B．physicalC．technical D．professional答案：A考查形容词辨析。依据下文中的“relatedbehaviorsarisefromirrational(不理性的)statements”可知，此处为心情上的问题。emotional意为“心情的”，符合语境。故选A项。physical意为“身体的，物质的”；technical意为“技术的”；professional意为“专业的”，均与语境不符。13．A．all B．othersC．someone D．themselves答案：D考查代词辨析。依据前面的主语“people”以及下文中的“intheirlives”“whattheywouldlike...”和“yousaytoyourself”可知，此处用反身代词themselves。故选D项。14．A．poorly B．carefullyC．completely D．slowly答案：A考查副词辨析。依据下文中的“...yousaytoyourself，‘Ican'tbelieveIfailedthateasyexam.I'msostupid.’”可知，此处指假如自己考试考得很糟糕。poorly意为“差劲地，糟糕地，贫乏地”，符合语境。故选A项。carefully意为“当心地”；completely意为“完全地”；slowly意为“渐渐地”，均与语境不符。15．A．positive B．ridiculousC．negative D．explicit答案：A考查形容词辨析。依据下文中的“thatpositivebehaviorswilloccur”可知，此处应用positive，意为“乐观的”，符合语境。故选A项。ridiculous意为“荒谬的”；negative意为“消极的”；explicit意为“清楚的，清楚的”，均与语境不符。16．A．danger B．awarenessC．amount D．probability答案：D考查名词辨析。依据上文中的“Bychangingthisirrational‘catastrophic’self­talkintorational”可知，你可以提高乐观的行为发生的可能性。probability意为“可能性”，符合语境。故选D项。danger意为“危急”；awareness意为“意识”；amount意为“量”，均与语境不符。17．A．written B．phrasedC．listed D．captioned答案：B考查动词辨析。依据下文引号中的内容可知，此处指乐观的自我谈话的措辞如下……phrase意为“措辞”，符合语境。故选B项。write意为“写”；list意为“列出”；caption意为“给……加上标题”，均与语境不符。18．A．research B．testC．talk D．problem答案：B考查名词辨析。依据上文中的“Ireallydidn'tstudyenoughfortheexam.”可知，这次考试预备不足，下一次考试要好好预备。故选B项。19．A．tiredness B．habitsC．disappointment D．burdens答案：C考查名词辨析。依据上文中的“Ireallydidn'tstudyenoughfortheexam.”可知，此处指这次考试没考好而引起的无望。disappointment意为“无望”，符合语境。故选C项。tiredness意为“疲乏”，habit意为“习惯”；burden意为“负担”，均与语境不符。20．A．recalling B．startingC．blocking D．holding答案：C考查动词辨析。依据下文中的“stoppingnegativethoughtsandrefusingtodwellon(沉湎于)negativeimages”可知，block意为“阻碍”，与句中的“stop”和“refuse”意思相近，符合语境。故选C项。recall意为“回想”；start意为“开头”；hold意为“持有”，均与语境不符。Ⅲ.语法填空(2022·海口市调测)John：I'vebeennoticingrecentlyquitealotofblacksmokecomingoutofthechimneysofthatfactorynearourschool.__1__reallypollutestheairhere.Mary：Yes.ButIheardrecentlythatthe__2__(own)ofthefactoryhavepromisedtotakemeasurestoreducetheirfactory'spollution.John：Ihopetheywillkeeptheirpromise.Mary：Ithinktheywill.I'vebeentoldthat__3__specialmachineissupposedtobefixedbytheendofthisyear.It'ssaidthatthemachinecancleanthedustoutofthesmoke__4__itgoesintotheair.John：That'sgood.Dustisreally__5__(