2022天津市高考英语一轮阅读理解专题选练及参考答案3

阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。Haveyougotsomepaper,apairofscissorsand,aboveall,adesiretodecorateyourhouse?Then,wehavetheperfectholidayartworkforyou:MakeStarWarssnowflakes(雪花).Rememberedasacherishedformofworkinclassroomsbeforetheholidays,papersnowflakeshavedrawnmanypeople'sattentionagain.Thedesigner,AnthonyHerrera,justrecentlyreleasedhis2021collection."TheStarWarssnowflakedesignsbeganasjustdoingdesignsofcharactersthatIandmydaughterwantedtomakethreeyearsago,"Herreratoldusinanemail."ThesecondyearIintroducedvehicles,andthisyearIdecidedtopushfurtherbydesigningbattlescenes."Sometimes,hefeelsabitboredwithhisjob.Witheachyear,thedesignshavegotmoredetailedandvarious,buttheprocessofcreatingthemremainedthesame:sketchingfiguresonpaperwithapenciluntilasymmetrical(对称）patterncomesout,thenscanningthedesignsandcutthemwithscissors.However,hesayshehasplentyofideasfornewflakesnextyear,sonotwowilleverbethesame.HopefullywithStarWars:EpisodeVIIcomingin2021he'llhaveevenmoreworkinthefuture.CheckoutyourfavoritefinishedversionsofHerrera’sflakes(fromboth2021andpreviousyears)anddownloadthepicturesbeneaththemandthengetdowntocreatingyourownwork.Awarning:Mostdesignsaren'tforthecasualflake-maker,sopatienceyoumusthave.1.Makingpapersnowflakesdrawsmanypeople'sattentionprobablybecause______.A.itisatraditionalformofdecoration B.itisacourseofartworkinschoolC.itisawayofkillingtimeinholiday D.itisdesignedbyAnthonyHerrera2.Fromthetext,weknowthatHerrera______.A.canmakesnowflakeswithhisdaughter'shelpB.mademorecomplicateddesignsbefore2021C.introducedpapervehiclesin2011D.willmakeagreatvarietyofdetailedpaperflakes3.Herreraisfedupwiththejobsometimesbecause______A.hehastodesigndetailedanddifferentpatternsB.hehastofollowthefixedprocessofpapercuttingC.hespendsmuchtimedesigning,scanningandcuttingD.hehasfewideasforwhatthenextdesignswillbelike4.Bywritingthelastparagraph,theauthortriesto______.A.offerusmoreinformationaboutHerrera’spapercuttingB.tellushowtodownloadpictureofsnowflakesC.instructpeopletobearealcreativeartistD.remindusofbeingpatientwithHerrera’sdesigns【参考答案】1—4、ADBC 【河北省唐山一中】BMr.PeterJohnson,agedtwenty-three,battledforhalfanhourtoescapefromhistrappedcaryesterdaywhenitlandedupsidedowninthreefeetofwater.Mr.Johnsontooktheonlyescaperoute—throughtheboot(行李箱).Mr.Johnson’scarhadfinishedupinaditch(沟渠)atRomneyMarsin,Kentafterskiddingoniceandhittingabank.“Fortunately,thewaterbegantocomeinonlyslowly,”Mr.Johnsonsaid.“Icouldn’tforcethedoorsbecausetheywerejammedagainstthewallsoftheditchanddarednotopenthewindowsbecauseIknewwaterwouldcomefloodingin.”Mr.Johnson,asweetsalesmanofSittingHome,Laterhesaid,“Itwasreallyahalfpennythatsavedmylife.ItwastheonlycoinIhadinmypocketandIusedittounscrewthebackseattogetintotheboot.Ihammereddesperatelywithahammertryingtomakesomeonehear,butnohelpcame.”Ittooktenminutestounscrewtheseat,andafurtherfiveminutestoclearthesweetsamplesfromtheboot.ThenMr.Johnsonfoundawrench(扳子)andbegantoworkonthebootlock.Fifteenminutespassedby.“ItwastheonlychanceIhad.Finallyitgave,butassoonasImovedthebootlid,thewaterandmudpouredin.Iforcedtheliddownintothemudandscrambledclearasthecarfilledup.”Hishandsandarmscutandbruised(擦伤),Mr.JohnsongottoBeckettFarmnearby,wherehewaslookedafterbythefarmer’swife,Mrs.LucyBates.Huddledinablanket,hesaid,“Thatthirtyminutesseemedlikehours.”Onlythetipsofthecarwheelswerevisible,policesaidlastnight.Thevehiclehadsunkintotwofeetofmudatthebottomoftheditch.60.Whatisthebesttitleforthisnewspaperarticle?A.TheStoryofMr.Johnson,ASweetSalesmanB.CarBootCanServeAsTheBestEscapeRouteC.DriverEscapesThroughCarBootD.TheDriverSurvivedATerribleCarAccident61.WhichofthefollowingobjectsisthemostimportanttoMr.Johnson?A.Thehammer. B.Thecoin.C.Thescrew. D.Thehorn.62.“Finallyitgave”(Paragraph5)meansthat________.A.LuckilythedoorwastornawayintheendB.AtlastthewrenchwentbrokenC.ThelockcameopenafterallhiseffortsD.Thechancewaslostatthelastminute63.Itmaybeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.theditchwasalongaquietcountryroadB.theaccidenthappenedonaclearwarmdayC.thepolicehelpedMr.JohnsongetoutoftheditchD.Mr.Johnsonhadatenderwifeandwaswellattended【参考答案】60—63CBCAPassageSixteen(CrimeinComputer)

Newandbizarrecrimeshavecomeintobeingwiththeadventofcomputertechnology.Organizedcrimetohasbeendirectlyinvolved;thenewtechnologyoffersitunlimitedopportunities,suchasdatacrimes,theftofservices,property-relatedcrimes,industrialsabotage,politicallyrelatedsabotage,vandalism,crimesagainsttheindividualandfinanciallyrelatedcrimes…

Theftofdata,ordatacrime,hasattractedtheinterestoforganizedcriminalsyndicates.Thisisusuallythetheftorcopyingofvaluablecomputergrogram.Aninternationalmarketalreadyexistsforcomputerizeddata,andspecializedfencesaresaidtobeplayingakeyroleinthisrapidlyexpandingcriminalmarket.Buyersforstolenprogramsmayrangefromafirm’scompetitorstoforeignnations.

Acompetitorsabotagesacompany’scomputersystemtodestroyorcripplethefirm’soperationalability,thusneutralizingitscompetitivecapabilityeitherintheprivateorthegovernmentsector.Thiscomputersabotagemayalsobetiedtoanattemptbyaffluentinvestorstoacquirethevictimfirm.Withthegrowingreliancebyfirmsoncomputersfortheirrecordkeepinganddailyoperations,sabotageoftheircomputerscanresultininternalhavoc,afterwhichthegroupinterestedinacquiringthefirmcaneasilybuyitatasubstantiallylowerprice.Criminalgroupscouldalsoresorttosabotageifthecompanyisacompetitorofabusinessownedorcontrolledbyorganizedcrime.

Politicallymotivatedsabotageisontheincrease;politicalextremistgroupshavesproutedoneverycontinent.Sophisticatedcomputertechnologyarmsthesegroupswithawesomepowersandopenstechnologicallyadvancednationstotheirattack.Severalattemptshavealreadybeenmadetodestroycomputerfacilityatanairforcebase.Auniversitycomputerfacilityinvolvedinnationaldefenceworksufferedmorethan$2millionindamagesasaresultofabombing.

Computervulnerabilityhasbeenamplydocumented.Onecongressionalstudyconcludedthatneithergovernmentnorprivatecomputersystemsareadequatelyprotectedagainstsabotage.Organizedcriminalsyndicateshaveshowntheirwillingnesstoworkwithpoliticallymotivatedgroups.Investigatorshaveuncoveredevidenceofcooperationbetweencriminalgroupsandforeigngovernmentsinnarcotics.Criminalgroupshavetakenattemptsinassassinatingpoliticalleaders….Computersareusedinhospitallife-supportsystem,inlaboratories,andinmajorsurgery.Criminalscouldeasilyturnthesecomputersintotoolsofdevastation.Bysabotagingthecomputerofalife-supportsystem,criminalscouldkillanindividualaseasilyastheyhadusedagun.Bymanipulatingacomputer,theycouldguideawesometoolsofterroragainstlargeurbancenters.Citiesandnationscouldbecomehostages.Homicidecouldtakeanowform.Thecomputermaybecomethehitmanofthetwentiethcentury.

Thecomputeropensvastareasofcrimetoorganizedcriminalgroups,bothnationalandinternational.Itcallsonthemtopooltheirresourcesandincreasetheircooperativeefforts,becausemanyofthesecrimesaretoocomplexforonegrouptohandle,especiallythoserequitingavastnetworkoffences.Althoughcriminalshaveadaptedtocomputertechnology,lawenforcementhasnot.Manystillthinkintermsoftraditionalcriminology.

1.

Howmanykindsofcrimesarementionedinthepassage?

[A].

7.

.

8.

[C].

9.

[D].

10

2.

Whatisthepurposeofacompetitortosabotageacompany’scomputer?

[A].Hispurposeistodestroyorweakenthefirm’soperationalability.

.Hispurposeistoweakenfirm’scompetitivecapabilityandgetit.

[C].Hispurposeistobuytherival’scompanyatarelativelylowprice.

[D].Hispurposeistostealimportantdata.

3.

Whichofthefollowingcanbelabeledasapoliticallymotivatedsabotageofacomputersystem?

[A].Sabotageofauniversitycomputer.

.Sabotageofahospitalcomputer.

[C].Sabotageofcomputeratasecrettrainingbase.

[D].Sabotageofafactorycomputer.

4.

Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Homicidecouldtakeanewform”?

[A].Thereisnoneedtouseaguninkillingaperson.

.Criminalscankillwhoevertheywantbyacomputer.

[C].Thecomputercanreplaceanyweapons.

[D].Thefunctionofacomputerisjustlikeagun.

Vocabulary

1.

bizarre

惊异的

2.

vandalism

破坏，有意破坏文化，艺术的行为

3.

cripple

使瘫痪，减弱

4.

fence

贼市，脏品买卖处

5.

neutralize

使成为无效

6.

affluent

富有的

7.

recordkeeping

记录存贮

8.

havoc

浩劫，大破坏

9.

resortto

求助于，借助于

10.

motivate

作为……的动机，激发

11.

extremist

过激分子，极端主义分子

12.

sprout

萌发快速进展

13.

awesome

令人惊惧的，引起敬畏的

14.

vulnerability

易受攻击，脆弱

15.

devastation

劫持，破坏

16.

hospitallife-supportsystem医院的生命维持系统

17.

hitman

职业凶手（杀手）

18.

pool

集中（资金）合办，入股

19.

criminology

犯罪学，刑事学

难句译注

1.

Organizedcrimetohasbeendirectlyinvolved;thenewtechnologyoffersitunlimitedopportunities,suchasdatacrimes,theftofservices,property-relatedcrimes,industrialsabotage,politicallyrelatedsabotage,vandalism,crimesagainsttheindividualandfinanciallyrelatedcrimes…

[结构简析]句子很长，都是简洁句，中间有分号隔开，后面是举例。

[参考译文]有组织犯罪团伙也直接参与：计算机新技术较为犯罪供应了无限的机会，如数据信息犯罪，偷窃服务项目，跟财产有关的犯罪，工业破坏，跟政治有关的破坏，破坏文化艺术，对个人和财经方面的罪行等等。

2.

Aninternationalmarketalreadyexistsforcomputerizeddata,andspecializedfencesaresaidtobeplayingakeyroleinthisrapidlyexpandingcriminalmarket.

[结构简析]并列句，and作对比连接词用。

[参考译文]一个计算机信息的国际市场已经存在，而特地从事脏品交易的市场据说在快速扩展的犯罪市场中起着关键的作用。

3.

Acompetitorsabotagesacompany’scomputersystemtodestroyorcripplethefirm’soperationalability,thusneutralizingitscompetitivecapabilityeitherintheprivateorthegovernmentsector.

[结构简析]主谓宾补结构，后跟thus+从句表示结果。

[参考译文]竞争对手破坏一个公司的计算机系统为的是摧毁或减弱公司的操作运行力气，从而使其丢失在私人或政府部门中的竞争力。

4.

Thecomputerope