【冲刺2021】2021届高三英语总复习(高考模拟专版)汇编：B单元-完形填空(B4说明文)

B4说明文【英语卷·2022届安徽省合肥市高三其次次教学质量检测】其次节：（2022·合肥其次次质检）完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)B4阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Awaveofrecentresearchhaspointedtotherisksofoverpraisingachild.Anditseemsthathowtodrawalinebetweentoolittlepraiseandtoomuchhasbecomeahigh-pressure_36_actforparents.Self-esteem(自尊) servesasakindoftooltomeasurehowmuchchildrenfeelvaluedandacceptedby37.Thissensitivitytoothers'38developsbecauseofhumans'needforsocialacceptance,whichisconsideredtobe39tosurvival.Asearlyasage8,children'sself-esteemtendstoriseandfallinresponsetofeedbacksabout40peersseethemaslikableorattractive.41,itcanalsobebeneficialforkidstofeelbadaboutthemselvesoccasionally,iftheybehaveinselfish,meanorhurtfulwaysthatmight42theirabilitytomaintainrelationshipsorholdajobinthefuture.Inthepast,manyparentsandeducatorsbelievedthathighself-esteem43happinessandsuccess,andkidscouldgainself-esteemsimplybygetting44andawardsfromtheirparents,teachersandpeoplearound.Butrecentlyresearchershavefoundself-esteemdoesn't_45thesedesiredresults.Instead,ifparentspraisetheirkids46,theirself-esteembecomesfocusedonbeingverysmartandbeingthebestandbeingperfect.Buildingtoomuchself-esteemofthechildrencannotgoasplanned,makingthemfeel47lateronwhentheyhitsetbacks(挫折).Accordingtosomeexperts,itcanactuallybegoodforkidstohave48self-esteem,atleastonceinawhile.Andpraisecanbe49ifitdisregardstheworldoutsidethehome.Childrenwhohavea50understandingofhowtheyareseenbyotherstendtogetrecoveredmorereadily51disappointment,depressionorthelike.Thebestpathisa52road,helpingchildrendevelopapositivebut53viewofthemselvesinrelationtoothersbypraisingthemforthe54theyinvestandbehaviorstheyareabletosustain,like"It's55thatyou'reworkingsohardonyourhomework."36.A.balancing B.crashing C.forcing D.embarrassing37.A.themselves B.parents C.others D.teachers38.A.views B.envies C.favors D.blames39.A.irrelevant B.similar C.important D.sensitive40.A.when B.whether C.how D.where41.A.Indeed B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.However42.A.improve B.damage C.change D.develop43.A.promised B.delayed C.purchased D.ruined44.A.support B.help C.challenge D.praise45.A.settledown B.workout C.giveaway D.bringabout46.A.rarely B.carefully C.constantly D.casually47.A.worse B.stronger C.better D.madder48.A.high B.much C.low D.little49.A.powerful B.harmful C.grateful D.stressful50.A.practical B.limited C.basic D.perfect51.A.with B.to C.about D.from52.A.straight B.smooth C.middle D.rough53.A.general B.realistic C.different D.negative54.A.talent B.time C.money D.effort55.A.necessary B.awesome C.worthless D.awful【文章解读】该不该夸孩子，把握好分寸很重要。过度的表扬使孩子在遇到挫折时，不能很快恢复。对孩子的评价要乐观，但也要客观。36.【学问点】动词辨析【答案解析】AA.balancing 平衡B.crashing 撞击C.forcing强迫D.embarrassing尴尬近来一些争辩指出了过分表扬孩子可能带来的种种风险。不过，对于家长而言，要在夸奖得太少与太多之间划清界限，这难度不亚于顶着巨大的压力走高空绳索。

选A37.【学问点】代词【答案解析】CA.themselves 他们自己B.parents 父母亲C.others 其他人D.Teachers老师从下文Thissensitivitytoothers可知选C38.【学问点】名词辨析【答案解析】AA.Views观点B.Envies嫉妒C.favors 恩惠D.blames责怪这种对他人观点的敏感度是由于人类需要社会的接纳而进化而来39.【学问点】形容词辨析【答案解析】CA.Irrelevant不相关的B.similar相像的C.important 重要的D.sensitive敏感的这被认为对生存很重要。40.【学问点】连词辨析【答案解析】BA.When当...时候B.whether 是否C.How怎样D.where哪儿早在八岁这个年龄，孩子的自我认知就会随着同伴是否认为他们可爱或是有魅力这样的反馈而增加或降低。

选B41.【学问点】副词【答案解析】DA.Indeed 的确B.Otherwise 否则C.Therefore 因此D.However然而然而，让孩子间或感觉不好也是有好处的。表示转折，选D42.【学问点】动词辨析【答案解析】BA.improve提高B.damage破坏C.change转变D.develop进展假如孩子的行为表现出自私、自大或是会损害到他人──这样的行为有可能影响到他们将来与他人相处或是保住自己工作的力气。43.【学问点】动词辨析【答案解析】AA.promised许诺；答应B.delayed推迟C.purchased 购买D.ruined毁掉过去，很多家长和训练者信任，较高的自我认可度将会带来幸福感与成功。选A44.【学问点】动词辨析【答案解析】DA.support 支持B.help挂念C.challenge 挑战D.praise赞扬，而若要孩子实现高度的自我认可，做法很简洁，只要赐予他们大量的嘉奖和赞美即可。选D45.【学问点】动词短语辨析【答案解析】DA.settledown定居下来；安静下来B.workout 结果是：计算出 C.giveaway泄露；赠送D.bringabout引起；导致；带来不过争辩者们后来发觉，自我认可并不会带来这些结果。选D46.【学问点】副词辨析【答案解析】CA.rarely罕见地B.carefully 自喜地；当心地C.constantly不断地D.casually任凭地假如父母经常表扬孩子，他们的自尊就专注于聪慧、最好的、最完善的。选C47.【学问点】形容词辨析【答案解析】AA.worse更糟B.stronger更强C.better更好D.madder更疯狂让孩子的自我意识过于膨胀反而有可能引起相反的作用，使他们在将来患病挫折时更加懊丧。选A48.【学问点】形容词辨析【答案解析】CA.high高B.much多C.low低D.little少据一些专家说，让孩子保持较低的自尊可能对孩子是好事情。选C49.【学问点】形容词辨析【答案解析】BA.powerful 强大的B.harmful 有害的C.grateful 感谢的D.stressful有压力的表扬可能是有害的，由于它忽视了外面的世界。选B50.【学问点】形容词辨析【答案解析】AA.practical 实际的；有用的；事实上B.limited有限的C.basic基本的D.perfect完善的孩子若能对于他人对自己的看法有一个现实的理解往往能从无望、郁闷中恢复的更快。选A51.【学问点】固定搭配【答案解析】Dgetrecoverfrom从.....中恢复选D52.【学问点】形容词辨析【答案解析】CA.straight直的B.smooth光滑的C.middle中间的D.rough粗糙的最好的一条路是中间路线，选C53.【学问点】形容词辨析【答案解析】BA.general普遍的；全面的；一般性的 B.realistic现实的C.different不同的D.negative消极的；负面的挂念孩子培育出一个乐观、但现实的、与他人相关的自我认知观点。

选B54.【学问点】名词辨析【答案解析】DA.talent才能 B.time时间C.money 金钱D.effort努力通过努力获得表扬。选D55.【学问点】形容词辨析【答案解析】BA.necessary必要的B.awesome 可怕的；表示敬畏的；了不起的；精彩的C.worthless 无价值的D.awful可怕的你的功课这么努力，这太棒了。【英语卷（解析）·2022届湖北省襄阳五中、钟祥一中、夷陵中学三校高三五月联考（202205）】B4阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Whatarethebasicelementsofgoodmanners?Certainlyastrongsenseofjusticeisone;courtesy(谦恭)isoften31morethanahighlydevelopedsenseof32play.Afriendofmineoncetoldmeaboutatimewhenhewasdrivingalonganarrow,unpavedmountainroad.33wasanothercarthatproducedcloudsof34,anditwasalongwaytothenearest35highway.Suddenly,atawiderplace,thecarahead36offtheroad.37thatitsownermighthaveenginetrouble,myfriendstoppedandaskedifanythingwaswrong.“38,”saidtheotherdriver,“butyou’vebornemydustthisfar,I’ll39withyourstherestoftheway.”Anotherelementofcourtesyisempathy(善解人意),a40thatenablesapersontoseeintothemindorheartofsomeoneelse,tounderstandthepainor41thereandtodosomethingto42it.Amandinningwithhisgirlfriendinarestaurantwastryingtoopenthecapofabeerbottle,buthecouldn’tdoitbecauseofbadlyinjured43.Heaskedayoungbusboytohelphim.Theboytookthebottle,turnedhisbackmomentarilyandloosenedthecapwithoutdifficulty.Thenhe44itagain.Turningbacktotheman,he45tomakegreateffortstoopenthebottlewithoutsuccess.Finally,hetookitintothekitchenandreturnedshortly,sayingthathehad46toloosenit—butonlywithaspecialtool.47anotherelementofpolitenessistheabilitytotreatallpeople48,inspiteofallstatusorimportance.49whenyouhavedoubtsaboutsomepeople,actasiftheyareworthyofyourbestmanners.Youmayalsobe50tofindoutwhattheyreallyare.31.A.nothing B.anything C.something D.nobody32.A.fair B.consistent C.significant D.positive33.A.Behind B.Ahead C.After D.Beside34.A.dust B.smoke C.gas D.pollution35.A.blocked B.used C.paved D.repaired36.A.took B.pulled C.drove D.flew37.A.Hoping B.Seeing C.Recognizing D.Thinking38.A.Yes B.Sure C.No D.Ok39.A.doaway B.catchup C.putup D.goon40.A.tool B.thought C.behavior D.quality41.A.unhappiness B.pleasure C.feeling D.attitude42.A.maximize B.expand C.minimize D.contract43.A.legs B.arms C.fingers D.mouth44.A.loosened B.tried C.capped D.tightened45.A.seemed B.pretended C.managed D.tried46.A.offered B.tried C.managed D.failed47.A.As B.But C.So D.Still48.A.alike B.separately C.warmly D.nicely49.A.Ever B.Specially C.Especially D.Even50.A.astonished B.frightened C.disappointed D.depressed【答案】31.Anothingmorethan相当于only，“只不过”之意。故选A。32.A上文Certainlyastrongsenseofjusticeisone毁灭了justice,这里需要填一个它的同义词A.fair公正的B.consistent全都的C.significant有意义的，重大的D.positive乐观的,故选A。33.B另一辆车应并在前面，从后面的thecarahead可以找到答案。Before不能用作副词，表示空间关系。故选B。34.A前一辆车扬起了很多灰尘。本段末有提示。故选A。35.C作者伴侣的车现在正开在灰尘滚滚的没有铺柏油的山路上，所以可以推想，要开到最近的铺好了柏油的大路上还有一段很长的距离。paved与前面的unpaved对应，比较符合语境。故选李C。36.Btakeoff飞机起飞，pulloff驶向路边，driveoff驾车离开，flyoff飞出；前面那辆车驶向路边，故选B。故选B。37.D这里描述了作者伴侣当时的想法(内心的一种猜想)，故用Thinking。他认为那部汽车的发动机出了毛病。故选D。38.C从后面的But可以推断，汽车并没有什么毛病。故选C。39.C在余下的路程中，另一辆车的司机要求作者伴侣的车开在前面，而他自己的车开在后面，忍受吃灰之苦。putupwith是“忍受”之意符合语境。而doawaywith(废除)，catchupwith(赶上)，goonwith(连续)与句意不合。故选C。40.Dempthy是个人所具有的品质和力气，而不是工具(tool)想法(thought)或一种行为(behavior)，故选D。41.Aor示意，填空处应选用pain的近义词，作同位语，而只有unhappiness符合这个要求。故选A。42.CA.maximize使增至最大限度B.expand扩大C.minimize把…减至最低数量[程度]D.contract使收缩；做些事情使苦痛或不幸削减到最小。故选C。43.C拧不开酒瓶盖，说明受伤的部位应当是手指头。故选C。44.D他这时又把旋松的瓶盖拧紧。故选D。45.B他假装费了很大的劲却没有旋开瓶盖。故选B。46.Coffertodo主动做,trytodo努力做（不愿定成功），managetodo设法做成某事（做成功了），failtodo做某事没有成功;只是用了一件特殊的工具，他就打开瓶盖了。故选C。47.Dstillanother固定搭配“另一个”礼貌的另一个要素….故选D。48.Aalike在这里是副词，“相同地”意思。礼貌的另一个要素是公正地对待每一个人，不管他的地位多高，多么重要。故选Ａ。49.D这里要选用程度状语来修饰，且含有转折的意思。故用Even。故选Ｄ。50.AA.astonished惊异，惊异B.frightened使惊吓C.disappointed使无望D.depressed使懊丧；你也会惊异地发觉他们的真面目。故选A。【【全品原创解析纯word版】吉林省九校联合体2022届高三其次次摸底考试英语试题解析】B4阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Doyouknowhowmuchyourchildrensleep?AccordingtotheNationalSleepFoundation,41shouldsleeptwelvetoeighteenhours42ofeverytwenty-four.Withagradual43totwelvetofourteenhoursfortoddlers(初学走路的孩子)onetothree;eleventothirteenhoursfor44threetofive;andtentoelevenhoursforschoolchildren45fivetoten.Butthingsgetreally46atadolescence.Notonlydoteenagersneedmoresleepthan47__---eightandahalftonineandaquarterhoursanight,accordingtothesleepfoundation-butthetimes48whichtheygetsleepyandareabletoawaken49andfeelrestedshiftina50thatdoesnotmatchtothe51timesatmostschools.Sleepstudieshaveshownthatthetypicalteenagerdoesnotfallasleepreadilybefore11p.m.orlater.52manyhavetogetupby6a.m.or53togettoschoolforaclass54startsat7:30or8a.m.Morethanafew55offduringthatclass,andoftenthe56oneaswell.Evenifawake,they'reinnoconditiontolearnmuchofanything.Inonestudy,morethan90percentofteenagers57theysleptlessthanthe58ninehoursanight,and10percentsaidtheysleptlessthansixhours.59_JamesB.Maas,aCornellUniversitypsychologistandLeadingsleepresearcher,hasobserved,mostteenagersare"walkingzombies(僵尸)"60theygetfartoolittlesleep.41.A.childrenB.newbornsC.eldersD.youngsters42.A.fromB.withC.outD.up43.A.reductionB.increaseC.growthD.improvement44.A.teenagersB.studentsC.babiesD.preschoolers45.A.relatedB.separatedC.agedD.varied46.A.demandingB.challengingC.satisfyingD.encouraging47.A.adultsB.toddlersC.babiesD.schoolchildren48.A.inB.onC.atD.for49.A.excitedlyB.earlyC.casuallyD.naturally50.A.formB.meansC.methodD.way51.A.endB.startC.holidayD.examination52.A.SinceB.ForC.YetD.Then53.A.nicerB.earlierC.cleanerD.better54.A.thatB.itsC.whatD.whose55.A.putB.takeC.dozeD.cut56.A.nextB.otherC.lastD.new57.A.examinedB.surveyedC.reportedD.convinced58.A.regulatedB.recommendedC.analyzedD.reported59.A.LikeB.SinceC.AsD.Furthermore60.A.becauseB.whichC.whileD.still【文章解读】文章介绍不同年龄阶段的人需要的睡眠时间不同，特殊指出年轻人的睡眠严峻不足。41.【学问点】名词【答案解析】BA.children儿童，B.newborns新生儿，C.elders老年人，D.youngsters年轻人，从下文的：Withagradual

43

totwelvetofourteenhoursfortoddlers(初学走路的孩子)onetothree;eleventothirteenhoursfor

44

threetofive;可知一开头是说新生儿，选B42.【学问点】介词辨析【答案解析】CA.from来自，B.with和，C.out外面，D.up向上，新生儿在每天的24小时中应当睡12到18小时，outof…在…里面，选C43.【学问点】名词【答案解析】AA.reduction削减，B.increase增加，C.growth增长，D.improvement提高，初学走路的孩子渐渐削减到12-14小时，选A44.【学问点】名词【答案解析】DA.teenagers年轻人，B.students同学，C.babies婴儿，D.preschoolers学龄前儿童，从下文的：schoolchildren

45

fivetoten.可知三到五岁的学龄前儿童是11-13小时，选D45.【学问点】动词辨析【答案解析】CA.related联系，B.separated分别，C.aged年龄，D.varied不同，年龄在5-10岁的同学应当睡10-11小时。Aged做定语修饰schoolchildren，选C46.【学问点】形容词辨析【答案解析】BA.demanding苛