2021重庆市高考英语(三月)阅读类课外训练【11】及答案

2021重庆市高考英语（三月）阅读类课外训练【11】及答案阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Leadershipisthemostsignificantwordintoday’scompetitivebusinessenvironmentbecauseitdirectsthemanagerofabusinesstofocusinwardontheirpersonalabilitiesandstyle.Expertsonleadershipwillquicklypointoutthat“howthingsgetdone”influencesthesuccessoftheoutcomesandindicatesarightwayandawrongwaytodothings.Whenanotedleaderontheartofmanagement,PeterDrucker,coinedthephrase“Managementisdoingthingsright;leadershipisdoingtherightthings”,hewasseekingtoclarifythedistinctionsheassociateswiththeterms.

WhenStephenCovey,founderanddirectoroftheLeadershipInstitute,exploredleadershipstylesinthepastdecade,hefocusedonthehabitsofagreatnumberofhighlyeffectiveindividuals.HisSevenHabitsofHighlyEffectivePeoplebecameapopularbestsellerveryquickly.Hisideasforcedareexaminationoftheearlyleadershipexample,whichcenteredonthefeaturethatwasfoundinthecharacterethic(道德准则)andthepersonalityethic.Theformerethicsuggestedsuccesswasfoundedonmodesty,loyalty,courage,patienceandsoon.Thepersonalityethicsuggesteditwasone’sattitude,notbehavior,thatinspiredsuccess,andthisethicwasfoundedonabeliefofpositivementalattitude.Incontrasttoeachoftheseideas,Coveyadvocatesthatleadersneedtounderstanduniversalprinciplesofeffectiveness,andhehighlightshowvitalitisforleaderstofirstpersonallymanagethemselvesiftheyaretoenjoyanyhopeofoutstandingsuccessintheirworkenvironments.Toachieveadesiredvisionforyourbusiness,itisessentialthatyouhaveapersonalvisionofwhereyouareheadedandwhatyouvalue.Businessleadershipmeansthatmanagersneedto“putfirstthingsfirst,”whichimpliesthatbeforeleadingothers,youneedtobeclearonyourownvalues,abilities,andstrengthsandbeseenastrustworthy.1.WhatdoesPeterDrucker’sphraseinfer?A.Leadersshouldbegoodatmakingrightdecisions.B.Leadersshouldbegoodatdoingthingsright.C.Leadersshouldbegoodatignoringthedistinctionsheassociateswiththeterms.D.Leadersshouldbeskilledinpredictingfuture.2.Underwhatconditionarepeoplelikelytosucceed,intermsofwhatthepersonalityethicsuggests?A.Whenpeoplehavelittledetermination,theywillbesuccessful.B.Whenpeoplehavegoodbehaviour,theywillgainsuccess.C.Ifpeoplehavepositivementalattitude,theyarelikelytosucceed.D.Ifpeoplehavenegativementalattitude,theyarecertaintosucceed.3.Howcanleadersenjoyoutstandingsuccessintheirworkenvironments,accordingtoStephenCovey?A.Firstlytheyhavetothinkhighlyofthemselves.B.Theyaresupposedtobenefitthemselves.C.Theycannotadjustthemselves.D.Firstpersonallytheymustmanagethemselves.4.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“vision”?A.Brightfuture.B.Goodbeginning.C.Goodscenery.D.Prettybackground.5.Tobegoodleaders,whatmustmanagerspaycloseattentionto?A.Theymustpaycloseattentiontouniversalprinciplesofeffectiveness.B.Theymustpaycloseattentiontotheirownvalues,abilitiesandstrengths.C.Theymustpaycloseattentiontomodesty.D.Theymustbeconcernedaboutcourageandpatience.【参考答案】1—5、ACDAB阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。KingdaKa,thetallestrollercoaster（过山车）onEarth,dropsitspassengersalife-flashing418feet.FerrariWorld'sFormulaRossa,thefastest,takesriders'breathawayatspeedsofupto150mph.BRCImaginationArts,aSouthernCaliforniadesignfirm,hasproposedsomethingentirelynew:aridethatcreatesthesensationofzerogravityforuptoeightsecondsatatime.BRCdrewitsconceptfromthe"VomitComet,"theplaneNASAusestotrainastronauts.Itsproposedtheme-parkridewouldtravelupandthenback,similartotheexisting"Superman:EscapefromKrypton"coasteratSixFlagsMagicMountaininCalifornia.ButunlikeSupermanandotheropen-carcoasters,thevomit-cometridewouldbefullyenclosed.Riderswouldenjoytheillusionoffloatingwithinastablechamber.Tocreatethatillusion,aspecialmotorsystemwouldspeedcoastersupthetrackwithgreatprecision（精确度）.Asthecoasterapproachedatopspeedofmorethan100mph,itwouldsuddenlyandeversoslightlyslowdown—justenoughtothrowthepassengersupfromtheirseatsandthenquicklyadjustitsspeedtoflyinformationwithandaroundthepassengers.Asthecoasterreachedthetopofthetrackandbegantodropbackdown,thecomputersystemwouldcontinuetomatchitsspeedtothatofthefallingpassengers,extendingthesensationofweightlessnessforseveraladditionalseconds,andfinallyrapidlyslowdowntoastopbackatthebasestation.Rollercoasterstypicallycostnomorethan$30million,butthezero-gravityridewouldcost$50millionormore,toalargeextentbecausetheprecision-responsepropulsionsystem（推动系统）issocomplex.Butifsomeoneweretowriteachecktoday,Rogerssays,hiscompanycouldbesendingridersonweightlessjourneysbytheendof2022.1.WhatmakesBRC'scoasterdifferent?A.It'sthetallestrollercoasterintheStates.B.It'sthefastestrollercoasteronEarth.C.Itcanbringasensationofzerogravitytoitsriders.D.ItisaNASAproduct.2.WhywouldpeopleinBRC'scoasterhaveanillusionoffloatinginthechamber?A.Becauseit'sdesignedwiththeinspirationofSuperman.B.Becauseaspecialfunctioningmotorsystemisappliedtoit.C.Becausethecoastercanapproachatopspeedofmorethan100mph.D.Becausethecoasterwouldcost$20millionmorethannormalones.3.Atwhatpointcouldariderbegintofeelweightless?A.Whenthecoasterreduceditsspeedimmediatelyafteritreacheditstopspeed.B.Whenthecoasterbegantoincreaseitsspeed.C.Whenthecoasterreduceditsspeedtoastopbackatthebasestation.D.Whenthecoasterreachedthetopofthetrack.4.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.BRCisafamousdesignfirm.B.YoufeellikeasupermanwhenridingBRCcoaster.C.BRC'sbudgetcan'tmaketheprojectcompleteuntil2022.D.KingdaKaandFerrariWorld'sFormulaRossawillclosedownsoon.【参考答案】1—4、CBAC完型填空。阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从以下题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Friendsareveryimportantinoureverydaylife.Everyone1__friends.Weallliketofeelclosetosomeone.__2__isnicetohaveafriendtotalk,laugh,anddothingswith.3,sometimesweneedtobealone.Wedon’talwayswantpeople4.Butwewouldfeellonelyifwe__5__hadafriend.Notwopeopleare6.Friends7don’tgetonwell.Thatdoesn’tmeanthattheynolongerlikeeachother.Mostofthetimetheywillmakeup(言归于好)andbecome8again.Sometimesfriendsmoveaway.Thenwefeelvery9.Wemissthemverymuch,butwecan10themandwritetothem.Andwecan__11newfriends.Itisencouragingtofindouthowmuchwelikenewpeoplewhenwegettoknowthem.There’smoregoodnewsforpeoplewhohavefriends.Theylive__12__thanpeoplewhodon’t.Why?Friendscanmakeusfeelhappy.__13__happyhelpsyoustaywell.Oritcouldbejustdonethatsomeonecares.Ifsomeonecaresaboutyou,youtake14careof15.名师点评本文叙述了伴侣在人一生中扮演着重要角色。和伴侣一起谈天说地，一起做事，不仅使我们远离孤独     ，增加生活情趣，而且也使我们的身心更加健康。(C)1. A.loves B.hates C.needs D.becomes【解析】C。依据上文，friendsareveryimportant.可以知道每个人都需要伴侣,故选needs。(A)2. A.It B.He C.There D.Someone【解析】A。这里应用it做形式主语，代替后面真正的主语，即tohaveafriend。(D)3.A.Hardly B.NearlyC.Suddenly D.Certainly【解析】D。一方面我们需要和伴侣在一起，另一方面我们也需要独处，依据句意，应当选certainly。(D)4.A.alone B.away C.allover D.around【解析】D。依据上一句weneedtobealone，可以知道我们有时也不期望四周始终有人相伴，故选around。(B)5.A.ever B.never C.just D.really【解析】B。依据句意，没有伴侣的状况下会感到孤独。故选never。(C)6.A.friendly B.kind C.justthesame D.quitedifferent【解析】C。依据句意，世界上没有两个人是相同的，故选justthesame。(B)7A.always B.