04-2023高考一轮复习新课标I卷真题长难句精析一点通

专题04新课标全国I卷长难句真题精析一点通+重点词汇+变式拔高练+真题巩固练一真题分析(2022新课标全国I卷)

Classactivitieswillvaryfromday

to

day,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortests

drawn

directlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass,lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.

【分析】主句是由but连接的两个并列句Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass/lecture/discussion，but后的并列句中包含drawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotes过去分词短语作后置定语修饰shortin-classwritingsortests，so引导结果状语从句。【句意】课堂活动每天都会有所不同，但学生必须准备好完成简短的课堂写作或测试，这些测试直接来自于指定的阅读材料或上节课/讨论的笔记，所以在课堂上认真做笔记是很重要的。【词汇】assignv.指派任务；给予previousadj.之前的；早先的adv.previously（高考复现2021浙江卷)Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationfromanotheranimal'scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.尽管之前的研究表明，猿类和猴子可以从其他动物的叫声中理解复杂的信息，但这些动物似乎并没有故意使用它们的声音来交流信息。(2022新课标全国I卷)AdditionallyfromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupwork

tobecompleted

inclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.【分析】本句为主从复合句。主句Iwillassigngroupwork,非谓语短语tobecompleted

inclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome充当后置定语,Additionally为副词作状语,bothofwhich引导非限制性定语从句。【句意】此外，我将不时地分配小组工作在课堂上完成或短期作业在家完成，这两者都将被评分。【词汇】additionallyadv.此外adj.additional关联词：besides,what’smore（高考复现北京卷)Interestingly,thistrendisn'tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam'sperformance.有趣的是，这种趋势在棒球中并不明显，在棒球中，额外的个人天赋会不断提高球队的表现。(2022新课标全国I卷)It’sjaw--droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway--from“ugly”(butquiteenable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishes.【分析】本句是主从复合句。It充当形式主语，真正的主语是howmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway，主系表结构。rejectedbygrocers为过去分词短语用作后置定语，修饰名词vegetables。【句意】令人瞠目结舌的是，有多少完美的食物被扔掉了----从“丑陋”（但还可以吃）的蔬菜被食品商拒绝，到大量没吃完的菜被扔进餐馆的垃圾桶。【词汇】drop(dropped,dropped)v.投，丢；躺倒；剔除，除名；停止，放弃；急剧下降；（使）掉落；减少，降低n.滴，少量；下降；落差；交付dropin顺便走访adropofsomething一口，一滴（高考复现2020新课标I卷）GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.伽利略从比萨斜塔上扔下不同重量的物体，并计算它们的下落时间。他要实现的不仅是他的勃勃雄心。(2022新课标全国I卷)

Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshows

that

diet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalfthe

world’s

languages.【分析】本句的主句为

Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshows

that。第一个that引导宾语从句，宾语从句的谓语为ledto，在宾语从句中有一个that引导的定语从句。修饰先行词speechsounds。【句意】一项为期五年的突破性研究表明，由于饮食改变，人类咬合发生了变化，从而产生了一些新的语音。这些语音目前存在于世界上一半的语言中。【词汇】leadtov.导致,通往关联词：resultin(2022新课标全国I卷)It'sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway-from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.【分析】It是形式主语，真正的主语是how引导的从句;破折号后的内容是对前面内容的补充说明;rejectedbygrocers及thrownintorestaurantgarbagecans为后置定语，分别修饰vegetables和dishes。【句意】虽能食用但因“长相难看”就被杂货店主丢弃的蔬菜，大量未食用就被扔进餐厅垃圾桶的菜肴，这些非常不错的食物就这样被扔掉，简直令人吃惊。。【词汇】throwaway(过去式，过去分词threw,thrown)扔掉；摒弃；浪费，错过（机会）关联词：throwlighton阐明；照亮；使......显得清楚；throwopen开放；突然打开withinastone’sthrow短距离；一箭之遥；就在附近throwat投向；向......投去throwinto使......（突然）陷入某一状态；扔进throwaparty举行宴会；开舞会（高考复现新课标II卷）ModelPaigeMorgansays,"Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork."模特佩奇·摩根说：“给人们一个没有罪恶感的选择，那就是他们可以穿着那些衣服，而不会被人泼油漆。我认为这会是一件大事，至少在纽约这里。”rejectv.拒绝，否决；摒弃，不接受；排异，排斥（移植器官）；关联词：rejectionn.拒绝（高考复现2021浙江卷）Mostofwhichwecanrejectrightaway,peoplewhodon'thavetherightexperience,qualifications,thatkindofthing.大部分我们都可以马上拒绝，那些没有合适的经验和资格的人，诸如此类的。(2021新课标全国I卷)Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.【分析】本句是主从复合句。主句theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Although是连词，引导让步状语从句，regardingemotionalintelligencerunfar...为介词短语充当后置定语，修饰名词beliefs。What引导名词性从句，本句中充当介词of的介词宾语，what在从句中做support的宾语。【句意】尽管关于情商的普遍观点远超出了研究能够支持的合理范围，但大众化的总体效果是利大于弊的。【词汇】beliefn.信念，信仰,相信，看法写作高分表达：beyondbelief难以置信Hissuccesswasbeyondbeliefsincehiscompetitorwassoexperienced.他的成功令人难以置信，因为他的对手非常有经验。Thereisacommon/wide/popularbeliefthat...人们普遍认为......Thereisacommonbeliefthattechnologyhaschangedpeople’slifeinmanyaspects.人们普遍认为科技在很多方面改变了人们的生活。regardingprep.关于，至于With/inregardtosth.关于某事；对于某事Inthis/thatregard在这方面；关于此Regardsb/sth.assb./sth.把......认为/看做......Thesituationregardinglifeinsurancetakesonadifferentlook.有关人身保险的情况则呈现出不同的面貌。(2021新课标全国I卷)Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.

【分析】本句是主从复合句。主干部分Returningtoabookcanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.分词短语做主语：Returningtoabook定语从句：you’vereadmanytimes（省略that）,修饰先行词book。【句意】回到一本你读了很多遍的书，感觉就像和一个老朋友喝酒一样。(新课标I卷)Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdsintheworld.【分析】本句在“Itbe+过去分词+that从句”结构；从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句；3billionpassengerpigeons和anumberequal…是同位关系。此外，还有一个现在分词短语“making…”作结果状语。【句意】据统计，当旅鸽数量达到最多时，曾超过了30亿只，这个数量相当于美国鸟类总数的24%-40%，使旅鸽成为世界上数量最为庞大的鸟类。【词汇】calculatev.计算；估算；估计；预料abundantadj.大量的，丰富的，充足的Birdsareabundantinthetallvegetation.高大的植被中有着大量的鸟类。二语法填空变式拔高练1._____________(addition)fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupwork

tobecompleted

inclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothof_____________willbegraded.2.Class___________willvaryfromday

to

day,butstudentsmustbeready___________(complete)shortin-classwritingsortests

drawn

directlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass,lecture/discussion,so___________isimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.

3.It’sjaw--droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfood_____________(throw)away--from“ugly”(butquiteenable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolarge_____________(amount)ofuneatendishes.4.Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshows

that

diet-relatedchangesinhumanbite____________(lead)tonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalfthe

world’s

languages.5.It'sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfood___________(throw)away-from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolarge___________(amount)ofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.6.Althoughpopularbeliefs___________(regard)emotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeen___________(benefit)thanharmful.7.____________（return）toabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinks____________anoldfriend.8.It____________(calculate)thatwhenitspopulationreachedits____________(high)point,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,____________(make)itperhapsthemostabundantbirdsintheworld.答案：1.Additionally,which2.activities,tocomplete,it3.isthrown,amounts4.ledisthrown,amounts6.regarding,morebeneficial7.Returning,with8.wascalculated,highest,making三真题巩固练Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorieburningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfectotherstudents.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________Animalsthatdon'thavecleanandunfrozenwatermaydrinkdirtywateroutside,whichmaycontainsomethingunhealthyforthem.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________Oneofthosebadlife'sexperiencesforShelleyhappenedthreeyearsagowhenherbrotherBradwaskilledinadrunkdrivingaccident.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________Sinceitwashotinthestudio,itcameasasurprisetoustoseeoneoftheactorsputonaheavyovercoatandstartwalkingalongthepath.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________ItwasonlyafterhehadreadthepapersthatMr.Grossrealizedthetaskbeforehimwasextremelydifficulttocomplete.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill（蒸馏器）isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________Ontheotherhand,agrowthmindsetbelievesthatnotalentisentirelyheaven-sentandthateffortandlearningmakeeverythingpossible.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________Studentsarebeingdaredtodrawapicture,writeanarticle,takeaphotoorwriteapoemthatshowswhattheyarecuriousabout.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________Anytrainingyoudotobecomemoreeffectiveatpublicspeakingshouldalwaysfocusonthepositiveaspectsofwhatyoualreadydowell.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________Mostbusinessesseektomakeaprofit（利润）—thatis,theyaimtoachieveincomethatismorethanthecostsofoperatingthebusiness.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper—alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan'tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'tevenexistifitweren'tforcasualconversation.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________WhatI'mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandtheyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译：____________________________________________________________________________________1.【分析】本句的主干是youwillbegettingbenefits。句首If引导条件状语从句；thecalorieburning是动名词短语，修饰benefits；介词短语forthewholeday,notinyoursleep做时间状语。【翻译】如果你在早上锻炼，那么你将得到的好处是：卡路里一整天都在燃烧，而不只是在你睡觉时燃烧。2.【分析】本句的主干是Hispresencemeantthat，其中that引导宾语从句，做meant的宾语。在that引导的宾语从句中，whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词assistant。【翻译】他的出现意味着我在课堂上有一个意想不到的助教，他的创造力会感染其他学生。3.【分析】本句的主干是Animalsmaydrinkdirtywateroutside。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词animals；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词dirtywater。【翻译】找不到干净和解冻的水的动物可能会在外面喝脏水，这些脏水中可能含有对它们有害的物质。4.【分析】本句的主干是Oneofthosebadlife'sexperienceshappenedthreeyearsago。when引导时间状语从句；介词短语inadrunkdrivingaccident做地点状语。【翻译】谢利的一次糟糕的生活经历发生在三年前，当时她的哥哥布拉德在一次酒驾事故中丧生。5.【分析】由于演播室里很热，看到其中一个演员穿上厚厚的大衣开始沿着小路走，我们感到很惊讶。【翻译】本句的主干是itcameasasurprisetoustoseeoneoftheactorsputonaheavyovercoatandstartwalkingalongthepath。since在这里引导原因状语从句；主句中的it做形式主语，真正的主语是不定式tosee...alongthepath。6.【分析】直到读完文件之后，格罗斯先生才意识到眼前的任务非常难完成。【翻译】本句是一个“Itis...that...”强调句型，要注意构成强调句的it本身没有词义，强调的部分是状语从句onlyafterhehadreadthepapers，强调句型中的that不可省略。realize后面的thetaskbeforehimwasextremelydifficulttocomplete是一个省略了that的宾语从句。7.【分析】本句的主干是guideswillentertainyou，其中entertain表示“使快乐；使有兴趣”。介词短语with...andparks做方式状语，其中with表示“用”；句末的Presidents,Congress,memorials和parks用and连接，构成并列结构。【翻译】知识渊博的导游会为你带来关于总统、国会、纪念碑和公园的最有趣的故事。8.【分析】本句的主干是Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstillisoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwater。句中where引导定语从句，修饰先行词areas。【翻译】在水资源不易获得的地区，自制太阳能蒸馏器是获得饮用水的最佳途径之一。9.【分析】本句的主干是agrowthmindsetbelievesthat...andthat...。句中两个that分别引导一个宾语从句，通过并列连词and构成并列的宾语从句，做believes的宾语。【翻译】另一方面，成长的思维模式认为没有