广东省深圳市罗湖区高三2023-2024学年上学期1月期末英语试题

广东省深圳市罗湖区高三2023-2024学年上学期1月期末英语试题姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五总分评分一、第一部分阅读，第一节阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读理解Thefamousmagazine,Runner'sWorld,haschosensomeofthebest,mostdifficultandenjoyableUKraces.TopoftheWolds10KChallengeThis10-kmcountrysidetrackinYorkshireisallfununtilyoutaketheleftturnatNunburnholme.Atthispoint,youenteraseriousuphillpart,butthankfullytheuphillpartonlylastsforaround1.5km.You'llhaveaboutakilometretoenjoytheviewsbeforethewaytakesyoudownhillagain,andbacktowhereyoustartedinWarter—acutelittlevillage.Scurry2BridgesRunThis161-kmrelayraceisdividedinto16parts,soyoueachrun4separateparts.Overthecourseofthisday-longadventure,you'lleachrunaboutmarathondistancewhiletheworkerswilldrivearoundforpick-upsanddrop-offsatrelayexchangepointsbetweenthestartinDundeeandthefinishinEdinburgh.ScafellSkyRaceHere'satrailrun(越野跑)thatisnotsuitableforbeginners.Withatotalof3,500mofascent(上坡路),thisisunquestionablyoneofthehardesteventsaround.Goodthingisthattheviewsarebeautiful,andthatthere'shotfoodandabottleofapplejuicewaitingforyouintheend.Offa'sDyke15Thetraditional15-miledistancebeginsattheClockTowerinHay-on-WyeandincludesafewhardclimbsbeforefinishinginKington.Thisyearthehardeventhasaddedachallenging10kmaroundKington.1．WhatdoweknowaboutScurry2BridgesRun?A．Itisa161-milerelayrace.B．Ithasanuphillpartabout16km.C．Itrequiresrunnerstorunanddrive.D．Itisarelayracemadeupof16parts.2．Whichracebestsuitsracerswhowanttoenjoyfoodattheendofarace?A．TopoftheWolds10KChallenge.B．Scurry2BridgesRun.C．ScafellSkyRace.D．Offa'sDyke15.3．Whatdothefourraceshaveincommon?A．Theyareheldinthecountryside.B．Theyaretoughbutexcitingraces.C．Theyaskrunnerstotakepartalone.D．Theycanprovidetherunnerswithfood.阅读理解Dr.ElsaOlivettihasalwaysbeeninterestedinhowmaterialssciencecanchangethewaywestoreenergy.WhenshestartedherworkatMIT,shewasexcitedaboutdiscoveringthesecretsofsustainablebatteryproduction.Duringherresearch,hermainfocuswasonaspecialkindofbattery,calledsolid-statebatteries,andamaterialnamedLLZO.Shediscoveredabigchallenge:findingandgettingaspecialmaterialcalledtantalum,whichisnoteasytofindbutnecessaryfortheproductionofLLZO.Thisinspiredhertolookatthewholeprocessofmakingbatteriesbeyondthelaboratory,fromgettingthematerialstoproducingthefinalproduct.Dr.Olivettiandherteamlookedintohowthesematerialsaremined,processed,andturnedintobatteries.Theyfoundthatifwewanttousemoreelectriccarsinthefuture,weneedtogetmuchbetteratproducinganddeliveringmaterialsliketantalum.Then,Dr.Olivettiaimstofigureoutacreativesolutiontothechallenge.Sheworkedwithindustryleaderstodevelopsustainableminingpracticesandcalledonpolicychangestosupportabettersupplychain,whichproveseffective.Dr.Olivettistressesthatherworkisnotmeanttoreplacetraditionalmethods.Instead,it'smeanttohelpmakethebatteryproductionbetterbylookingbroadlyatthethingsthatcouldmakeenergystorageefficient.Lookingahead,Dr.Olivettiremainscommittedtoimprovingsustainableenergystorage.Shewantstomaketheproductionprocesslesswastefulandmorecost-effective,creatingafuturewhereenergystorageisnotonlygoodbutalsokindtoourplanet.Reflectingonherwork,Dr.Olivettioftensaysthatwhatshedoesismorethanjustscience."Eachstepwetaketowardsmoreefficientandenvironmentally-friendlybatterytechnologyisasteptowardsabetterworld,"stressingtheimportanceofcuriosityandperseveranceinthepursuitofscientificexploration.4．WhatwasDr.Olivetti'sinterestinherworkatMIT?A．Makingelectriccarscheaper.B．Makingbatteriesmoresustainable.C．Figuringoutwaystominematerials.D．Dealingwithchallengesofproduction.5．WhyistantalumimportantinDr.Olivetti'sresearch?A．Itreducesproductioncosts.B．Ithelpssustainablemining.C．Itisacommonbatterymaterial.D．ItisimportantforLLZOproduction.6．HowdidDr.Olivettidealwiththechallengesinbatteryproduction?A．Shefocusedonlabexperiments.B．Sheworkedwithindustryleaders.C．Shedevelopedanewtypeofelectriccar.D．Shereplacedoldmethodswithmodernones.7．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．TheScienceofBattery.B．TheFutureofElectricCars.C．TheImportanceofTantalum.D．TheWorkonBetterBatteries.阅读理解It'sknownthatreadingisgoodforachild'svocabularyandliteracyskills,teachingthemmathorscienceconceptsandhelpingthemlearnhistory.Apartfromthose,readinghasanotherbenefit.Haveyoureadastoryandfelttearswellupbecauseofacharacter'ssuffering?Ifso,thatisbecauseyouhaveempathy(共鸣)forthecharacter—andempathycanbelearnedthroughvariousfictions."It'samagiceyethatseesintootherpeople'shearts,"explainsauthorCressidaCowell.Researchshowsthathumanbrainsreactdifferentlytostoriesandfacts."Manymoreareasofyourbrainlightupwhenyou'reenjoyingastory,"explainsMirandaMcKearneyfromEmpathyLab,anorganizationthatbuildsempathythroughreading."Yourbrainthinksyouareinthestory…Thismeansyouexperiencethecharacters'thoughtsasiftheyarereal."Empathyhelpsyoutoreadpeople'semotionsandworkoutthebestwaytorespond.Thisskill,calledemotionalintelligence,canmakeiteasiertocommunicateandconnectwithpeople.Researchhasshownthatbuildingempathycanleadtogreaterkindnessandtolerance.OnestudyfoundthatchildrenwhoreadtheHarryPotternovels—whichtellstoriesabouthumansfightingagainsttheevil—werelesslikelytobehaveunfairlytowardspowerlessgroupsincludingrefugees(难民).ThistheoryhasbeenputintopracticebyStMichael'sPrimarySchool.AfterreadingTheBoyattheBackoftheClass—astoryaboutaboywhoisarefugeeescapingfromthewar—studentsinthatschoolwereinspiredtodoa10-milewalkforthenon-profitorganizationRefugeeAction.Theirempathyalsospurredthemtoraise£1,000forpeoplewhowereforcedtoleavetheirhomesbecauseofwar.Readingencourageschildrentoempathisewithothers,whichcouldpotentiallyleadtoseveralbeneficiallearningoutcomes,newresearchsuggests.Forsocietytodevelop,creative,communicativeandempatheticindividualsreallymatter.8．Whydoreaderscryaboutacharacter'sexperience?A．Theyhavemagiceyes.B．Theywanttoshowempathy.C．TheyunderstandhisfeelingsD．Theyhavethesameexperience.9．WhatdoestheauthorshowbyreferringtotheHarryPotternovels?A．Theprocessofbuildingempathy.B．Thebenefitsofdevelopingempathy.C．Thedefinitionofemotionalintelligence.D．Theresultsoftheschool'sactivity.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"spurred"meaninparagraph4?A．Reminded. B．Permitted. C．Persuaded. D．Encouraged.11．Whatmighttheauthoradvisechildrentodo?A．Readtolearnempathy.B．Becomeempathetictoothers.C．Putthemselvesinothers'shoes.D．Readasmanybooksaspossible.阅读理解WhileconductingasurveybyairplaneofnorthernGuatemala,researchersdetectedanancientMayasite."WecannowseetheentirelandscapeoftheMayaregion"inthissectionofGuatemala,saidCarlosMorales-Aguilar,oneoftheresearchersfromtheDepartmentofGeographyandtheEnvironmentattheUniversityofTexas.Thefindingsweretheresultofthesurveyusinglidar(雷达),orlightdetectionandranging,whichhasbeenrevolutionaryforstudyinghistoricsites.Inlidar,lasersaresentoutandthereflectedlightisusedtocreateimageryofalandscape.Thetechnologyisparticularlybeneficialinareaswithlimitedvisibilitysuchastherainforestinmayasite,aslaserscanentertheheavytreecanopy,thethickcoverformedbytheleafyupperbranchesinaforest.Thelidardatashowed"forthefirsttimeanareathatwasintegratedpoliticallyandeconomically,andneverseenbeforeinotherplacesintheWesternHemisphere(西半球),"Carloswroteinthestudy.Usingdatafromthescans,theteamidentifiedmorethan1,000settlementsdottingtheregion.Theywereinterconnectedby100milesofcausewaysthattheMayalikelytraveledonfoot.Theyalsodetectedtheremainsofseverallargeplatformsandpyramids,alongwithcanalsandreservoirsusedforwatercollection.SowhatmadethisregionsoattractivethattheMayawouldwanttosettlethereinthefirstplace?"FortheMayatheMirador-CalakmulKarstBasinwasthe‘GoldilocksZone',"RossEnsleywrote,partnerofCarlos,ageologistfromtheInstituteforGeologicalStudyoftheMayaLowlandsinHouston,Texas."TheMayasettledinthisregionbecauseithadtherightmixofuplandsforsettlementandlowlandsforagriculture."Uplandslieabovethelevelwherefloodingoccurs.Theyprovidedasourceforlimestone,theirprimarybuildingmaterial,anddrylandtoliveon.Thelowlandsaremostlyseasonalswamps(沼泽),whichprovidedspaceforwetlandagricultureaswellasorganic-richsoilforuseinterracedagriculture.ResearchershopelidartechnologywillhelpthemexploresectionsofGuatemalathathaveremainedamysteryforcenturies.12．Whydidtheresearchersuselidarinthesurvey?A．Itdetectsawiderangeoflasers.B．Itpicturesquickandclearimagery.C．Itpasseslightsthroughforestseasily.D．Itimprovesthevisibilityofrainforests.13．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．WhyMayadrewgreatattention.B．HowMayapeoplemadealiving.C．TheresearchprocessaftersurveyingtheMaya.D．ThefindingsthroughobservingtheMayaregion.14．WhatcanweinferabouttheMayapeopleaccordingtoRossEnsley?A．Theytransformedthelandtosurvive.B．Theyweregoodatuplandagriculture.C．Theypreferredtobuildhousesusinglimestone.D．Theymadeasoundchoiceaboutwheretosettle.15．Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ThePerfectHabitatfortheMayaPeopleB．TheSecretsoftheAncientMayaCivilizationC．RevolutionaryUseofLidarRevealsMayaSettlementsD．LidarTechnologyUnlocksNewDiscoveriesofRainforests二、第一部分阅读，第二节任务型阅读(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)任务型阅读Beachisarelaxingplacetocatchwaves,getsomesun,enjoypicnic,spotwildlifeandgoexploring.Herearetipsfromexpertsonhowtobeabetterbeachgoer,sofuturegenerationsofsealoverscangettheirbeachtherapy(疗法)whentheyneedit.UsesafersunblockManysunblocksadvertisethattheyare"reef-friendly",whichhasnofirmdefinitions,andtheirusageisn'tregulatedbygovernmentalbodies.16．.Onlypurchasemineral-basedsunscreenssothatitwon'tdoharmtoreefs.Getinvolved17．Ifyouforgettobringone,findanabandonedbagatthebeach.Itmayseemalittlegesture,butitwillhelpremoverubbish.Byworkingtogetherpeoplecanreallymakeadifference.ThoughtfultoysforkidsIt'sfunforyourlittleonestoplaywithplastictoysinthesand.18．.Theyenduppollutingtheenvironmentandcanbeaccidentallyeatenbyanimals,causingthemseriousharmonevenkillingthem.Packmetalorwoodentoysinstead.ReadthesignsSignsatthebeacharen'toptionalreading.Theytellyouwhereyoucan'tgoandwhatyoucan'tdo,soyoudon'tmesswiththelocalecosystem.19．.Theyarestormbarriersandhometomanyanimals.DestroywhatyoubuildItdoesn'tmatterhowmuchtimeandeffortyourchildrenspentbuildingsandcastlesordiggingtunnels:ifyouareonabeachmarkedasaseaturtlehabitat,fillinthetrenchandknockdownthestructure.Seaturtleshaveheavybodiesandtheycandieiftheyfallintoaholeandgettrapped.20．.A.Soit'sbesttoreadthefineprintcarefullyB.Beach-goersaregenerallyadvisedtostayoffsandhillsC.Thus,tryyourbesttobeaconsiderateeco-friendlytouristD.However,plastictoysbreakeasily,leavingbehindbitsandpiecesE.SandstructuresalsocanpreventthemfromreachingbirthingareasF.Bringareusablebagtocleanupwhileyou'rewalkingtheshorelineG.Haveyourchildrenpickuptrashwithyouwhenwalkingonthebeach三、第二部分语言运用，第一节完形填空(共15小题：每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Everyonecouldusealittlesunshineintheirliferightnow,soaWisconsinfarmer21．toplantmorethantwomillionsunflowersinhisfields.ScottThompson'sfamilyhasbeen22．inKenoshaCountyformorethan70years,andthisisthefirstyearthat23．havedecoratedthelandscape.Usually,thepick-your-ownfarm24．strawberriesinsummerandpumpkinsinthefall.Locatedjust10milesfromKenosha,Wisconsin,ThompsonStrawberryFarmis25．peopletoasimplerfamilyoutingwheretheycanpicnicandtakehomeadozensunflowers.Thompsonandhiswifethoughtitwouldbe26．tospreadalittlehappinesstotheir27．.Thompson28．morethan22acresofflowers.Theflowersareplantedinmorethan15fieldstoprovide29．forsocialdistanceandspreadout.Wordofthesunshineoasis(绿洲)hasspread30．throughwordofmouthaspeoplecometoenjoyasmall31．fromreality."Everyoneisso32．"Thompsonsaid."We'vegotallthese33．ontheNET.IfI'moutinthefield,everybodyislike‘Thanksfordoingthis,'(and)‘ThisiswhatIneed.'"Inadditiontosunflowers,Thompsonalsoplantedafieldofwildflowers,andMexicansunflowersthatareknownfor34．butterflies.Thompsonsaidthesunflowerswillbea35．thingatthefarm,evenwithoutapandemic.21．A．used B．learned C．decided D．promised22．A．farming B．planting C．gardening D．decorating23．A．grasses B．trees C．leaves D．flowers24．A．demandsof B．consistsofC．searchesfor D．callsfor25．A．drawing B．taking C．sending D．leading26．A．flexible B．convenient C．ideal D．timely27．A．friends B．relatives C．customers D．neighbors28．A．turnedover B．lookedatC．pickedup D．endedupwith29．A．time B．room C．service D．information30．A．mostly B．hardly C．possibly D．slowly31．A．risk B．break C．advantage D．challenge32．A．patient B．curious C．confident D．happy33．A．explanations B．inspirations C．comments D．attitudes34．A．attracting B．feeding C．catching D．warning35．A．special B．official C．similar D．regular四、第二部分语言运用，第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Xuanpaperisknownasthe"PaperofAges"foritsmanyuniquequalities.ThetermXuanpaperfirstappearedinabookwrittenbyTangDynastyscholarZhangYanyuan,in36．hedescribedXuanpaperas37．idealcarrierforcalligraphyandpainting.ThetraditionalcraftofmakingXuanpaperis38．(extreme)demanding.Sandalwoodbark(檀香树皮),aplantnativetosouthernChina,goesthrough108procedurestogetherwithricestrawoverthecourseofthreeyears39．itcantransformintoabatchoffineXuanpaper.Theentireprocedureissocomplexthateventhemostskilledcraftsmancanonlymaster40．(limit)steps.Theflowofink,bothguidedandresistedbywater,41．(determine)theoutputofChineseart,andXuanpaperoutshinesotherswith42．(it)excellentabilitytogivefullplaytoink.Differentratesofbarktostrawduringthepaper-makingprocesscancreatedifferentpaperbestsuited43．artisticexpressioninfreehandinkpaintingsorcalligraphy.Xuanpaper44．(accompany)thepassionatebrushstrokesoftheChineseartistsforthousandsofyears.Unlikeotherformsofpaper,itisveryresistanttodamagebroughtbytime,whichhasmadeitpossible45．(preserve)manyvaluableworksfromancientChina.Paper-makingisawisdomoftheancientChinese,andXuanpaperisthepeakofpaper-making.五、第三部分写作(共两节,满分40分)46．第一节应用文写作，假定你是李华。外教Hans要求你班同学做一个主题为"Thestoryofaninspiringperson"的小组项目。作为组长,请你给Hans写一封邮件,内容包括：1.项目设想；2.恳请指导。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearHans,IamLiHua,astudentfromclass5.Yours,LiHua47．第二节阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhenMrs.Russellfinishedoneofherlessons,shewasoutofbreath.Asuddenburningstomachachestartedbutshehopedherstudentswouldn'tnotice."Youlookpale,Mrs.Russell,areyoualright?"akid,Tony,asked.Mrs.Russelltriedtoexplaineverythingwasalright,butthewordsjustwouldn'tcomeout.Shebecameunconsciousandfelldowninfrontofherclass,andtherewereredandbluelights,manyadults,andthesoundsofchildrencrying.Anoxygenmaskwasthenputonher."We'llseewhatwecandoforMrs.Russell.NowallofyouhavetogobacktoclassandlistentowhateverMs.Hansontellsyou,"Mr.Roberts,theheadmaster,triedtoaskMrs.Russell'studentstoleavetheoffice,buttheywouldn'tmove.TonyandHannahwereatthefrontofthepack.TheyweretoldMrs.Russellneededsurgery,andhospitalscostmoney."WewanttohaveMrs.Russellcomeback!She'sthebestteacherever.Pleasehelpus,Ms.Hanson,"Hannahsaid,andallthekidsnodded."Kids,let'sgobacktotheclassroomandbrainstormtogetherabouthelpingMrs.Russell,"Ms.HansonguidedthembacktotheclassroomandsheinstructedthemtowriteagreetingcardtoMrs.Russell."AcardisnotenoughtosaveMrs.Russell.Sheneedsmoneytoaffordthesurgery.Weneedagrown-uptohelp."Tonytoldhisclassmatesatbreak.Allthekidswerethinkinghard,andsuddenly,Asherspokeup."Mybigsisterisaseniorinhighschool.Well,Ithinkshecanmakealinkonawebsiteorsomething.ThenwecanraisethemoneyneededandhelpMrsRussell!"Alltheclassmatesagreedandwenthometotelltheirelderbrothersorsistersaboutthisidea.Asher'sbigsister,Dianne,startedanonlinegroup,andshemadeaninternetlinkimmediatelywithherparents'approval.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。Thelinkandthegroupweresharedthroughoutthecommunityquickly.Mrs.Russellwasbackatschooltwomonthslater.

答案解析部分【答案】1．D2．C3．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了英国的四项跑步比赛。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．考查细节理解。根据Scurry2BridgesRun部分中的"This161-kmrelayraceisdividedinto16parts,soyoueachrun4separateparts."这场161公里的接力赛分为16个部分，所以你们每个人都要跑四个独立的部分。可知，这是一项由16个部分组成的接力赛。故选D。2．考查细节理解。根据ScafellSkyRace部分中的"Goodthingisthattheviewsarebeautiful,andthatthere'shotfoodandabottleofapplejuicewaitingforyouintheend."好在风景很美，最后还有热腾腾的食物和一瓶苹果汁等着你。可知，这项比赛在最后会提供食物和饮料，因此最适合那些想在比赛结束后享用美食的选手。故选C。3．考查细节理解。根据第一段"Thefamousmagazine,Runner'sWorld,haschosensomeofthebest,mostdifficultandenjoyableUKraces."著名的杂志《跑者世界》挑选了一些最好的、最困难的和最令人愉快的英国比赛。可知，这四项比赛的共同之处在于都很艰难但令人兴奋。故选B。【答案】4．B5．D6．B7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了ElsaOlivetti博士为更好的可持续电池生产所做的努力。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"WhenshestartedherworkatMIT,shewasexcitedaboutdiscoveringthesecretsofsustainablebatteryproduction."当她开始在麻省理工学院工作时，她对发现可持续电池生产的秘密感到兴奋。可知，Olivetti博士对使电池更具可持续性感兴趣。故选B。5．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Shediscoveredabigchallenge:findingandgettingaspecialmaterialcalledtantalum,whichisnoteasytofindbutnecessaryfortheproductionofLLZO."她发现了一个巨大的挑战：找到并获得一种叫做钽的特殊材料，这种材料不容易找到，但却是生产LLZO所必需的。可知，钽对LLZO的生产很重要。故选D。6．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Then,Dr.Olivettiaimstofigureoutacreativesolutiontothechallenge.Sheworkedwithindustryleaderstodevelopsustainableminingpracticesandcalledonpolicychangestosupportabettersupplychain,whichproveseffective."然后，奥利维蒂博士的目标是找出一个创造性的解决方案来应对这一挑战。她与行业领袖合作，制定可持续的采矿实践，并呼吁改变政策，以支持更好的供应链，这被证明是有效的。可知，Olivetti博士在应对电池生产中的挑战时，和行业领袖一起工作。故选B。7．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的"Eachstepwetaketowardsmoreefficientandenvironmentally-friendlybatterytechnologyisasteptowardsabetterworld."我们朝着更高效、更环保的电池技术迈出的每一步，都是朝着更美好的世界迈出的一步。可知，本文主要讲述了ElsaOlivetti博士为更好的可持续电池生产所做的努力，所以本文中心思想是研究更好的电池。故选D。【答案】8．C9．B10．D11．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明阅读可以帮助孩子培养同理心，这对于儿童发展有很多好处。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Haveyoureadastoryandfelttearswellupbecauseofacharacter'ssuffering?Ifso,thatisbecauseyouhaveempathy(共鸣)forthecharacter—andempathycanbelearnedthroughvariousfictions."你是否读过一个故事，因为一个角色的痛苦而热泪盈眶？如果是这样，那是因为你对角色有同理心——同理心可以通过各种小说来学到。可知，读者因为角色的经历而流泪是因为他们对他有同理心，能理解角色的感受。故选C。9．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Researchhasshownthatbuildingempathycanleadtogreaterkindnessandtolerance.OnestudyfoundthatchildrenwhoreadtheHarryPotternovels—whichtellstoriesabouthumansfightingagainsttheevil—werelesslikelytobehaveunfairlytowardspowerlessgroupsincludingrefugees(难民)."研究表明，建立同理心可以带来更大的善良和宽容。一项研究发现，读过《哈利波特》小说的孩子不太可能对包括难民在内的弱势群体做出不公平的行为，小说讲述了人类与邪恶作斗争的故事。可知，此处在讨论建立同理心的好处，因此提到《哈利波特》小说是以阅读过它的孩子们的实例来佐证这些好处。故选B。10．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的"AfterreadingTheBoyattheBackoftheClass—astoryaboutaboywhoisarefugeeescapingfromthewar—studentsinthatschoolwereinspiredtodoa10-milewalkforthenon-profitorganizationRefugeeAction."在读完《坐在教室最后一排的男孩》——一个关于逃离战争的男孩的故事后，学校的学生受到激励，为非营利组织"难民行动"进行了10英里的步行活动。可知，此处讲述阅读《坐在教室最后一排的男孩》对学生们激励作用起到的积极效果；以及"toraise£1,000forpeoplewhowereforcedtoleavetheirhomesbecauseofwar"为那些因战争而被迫离开家园的人们筹集1000英镑。可推知，学生们筹集善款也是因为被这本书激励了，spurred意思应该与上文的inspired呼应，是"激励"的意思，与选项中的encouraged意思一致。故选D。11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Readingencourageschildrentoempathisewithothers,whichcouldpotentiallyleadtoseveralbeneficiallearningoutcomes,newresearchsuggests.Forsocietytodevelop,creative,communicativeandempatheticindividualsreallymatter."新的研究表明，阅读可以鼓励孩子们同情他人，这可能会带来一些有益的学习成果。对于社会的发展来说，有创造力、善于沟通和善解人意的个人真的很重要。可知，阅读有益于孩子们培养同理心，促进他们个人的发展，从而促进社会的发展。可推知，作者会建议孩子们通过阅读来培养同理心。故选A。【答案】12．C13．D14．D15．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究人员利用激光雷达发现了一处玛雅人遗址，和激光雷达的优势以及观察玛雅地区的发现。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和标题归纳四个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。12．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Thetechnologyisparticularlybeneficialinareaswithlimitedvisibilitysuchastherainforestinmayasite,aslaserscanentertheheavytreecanopy,thethickcoverformedbytheleafyupperbranchesinaforest."这项技术在能见度有限的地区尤其有用，比如玛雅遗址的雨林，因为激光可以进入厚重的树冠，即森林中由枝叶繁茂的上层树枝形成的厚厚的覆盖物。可知，研究人员在调查中使用激光雷达是因为它能轻易地将光线穿过森林。故选C。13．考查段落大意。根据第三段"Thelidardatashowed‘forthefirsttimeanareathatwasintegratedpoliticallyandeconomically,andneverseenbeforeinotherplacesintheWesternHemisphere(西半球),'Carloswroteinthestudy.Usingdatafromthescans,theteamidentifiedmorethan1,000settlementsdottingtheregion.Theywereinterconnectedby100milesofcausewaysthattheMayalikelytraveledonfoot.Theyalsodetectedtheremainsofseverallargeplatformsandpyramids,alongwithcanalsandreservoirsusedforwatercollection."卡洛斯在研究中写道，激光雷达数据"首次显示了一个政治和经济一体化的地区，在西半球的其他地方从未见过"。利用扫描数据，研究小组确定了该地区分布着1000多个定居点。它们由长达100英里的堤道相连，玛雅人可能是步行走过的。他们还发现了几个大型平台和金字塔的遗迹，以及用于收集水的运河和水库。可知，第三段的主要内容是通过观察玛雅地区的发现。故选D。14．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段"‘FortheMaya,theMirador-CalakmulKarstBasinwasthe‘GoldilocksZone','RossEnsleywrote,partnerofCarlos,ageologistfromtheInstituteforGeologicalStudyoftheMayaLowlandsinHouston,Texas.‘TheMayasettledinthisregionbecauseithadtherightmixofuplandsforsettlementandlowlandsforagriculture.'""对玛雅人来说，米拉多-卡拉克穆尔喀斯特盆地是‘金发姑娘地带'，"罗斯·恩斯利写道，他是卡洛斯的合伙人，卡洛斯是德克萨斯州休斯敦玛雅低地地质研究所的地质学家。"玛雅人在这个地区定居，因为这里有适合定居的高地和适合农业的低地。"可推知，玛雅人对在哪里定居做出了明智的选择。故选D。15．考查标题归纳。根据第一段中的"WhileconductingasurveybyairplaneofnorthernGuatemala,researchersdetectedanancientMayasite."研究人员乘飞机在危地马拉北部进行调查时，发现了一个古玛雅遗址；以及第二段中的"Thefindingsweretheresultofthesurveyusinglidar(雷达),orlightdetectionandranging,whichhasbeenrevolutionaryforstudyinghistoricsites."这一发现是利用激光雷达（光探测和测距）进行调查的结果，激光雷达在研究历史遗迹方面具有革命性意义；结合文章主要说明了研究人员利用激光雷达发现了一处玛雅人遗址。文章介绍了激光雷达的优势以及观察玛雅地区的发现。可知，"激光雷达的革命性使用揭示了玛雅定居点"适合做文章标题。故选C。【答案】16．A；17．F；18．D；19．B；20．E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，倡导人们在海滩游玩时要注意保护海滩的自然环境。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"Manysunblocksadvertisethattheyare‘reef-friendly',whichhasnofirmdefinitions,andtheirusageisn'tregulatedbygovernmentalbodies."许多防晒霜都宣称它们是"对珊瑚礁友好的"，这没有明确的定义，它们的使用也不受政府机构的监管。说明有些防晒霜宣称对珊瑚友好，但是没有明确的定义，因此也有可能对珊瑚礁有害，所以要仔细阅读上面的成分说明。A.Soit'sbesttoreadthefineprintcarefully"所以最好仔细阅读细则"符合语境，故选A。17．根据空后"Ifyouforgettobringone,findanabandonedbagatthebeach.Itmayseemalittlegesture,butitwillhelpremoverubbish.Byworkingtogetherpeoplecanreallymakeadifference."如果你忘了带一个，在海滩上找一个被遗弃的袋子。这似乎是一个小小的举动，但它将有助于清除垃圾。通过共同努力，人们真的可以有所作为。可知，此处的one应是指代装垃圾的袋子，用来清楚垃圾，F.Bringareusablebagtocleanupwhileyou'rewalkingtheshoreline"当你沿海岸线上散步时，带上一个可重复使用的袋子来清理"符合语境，one指代上文提到的reusablebag，故选F。18．根据空前"It'sfunforyourlittleonestoplaywithplastictoysinthesand."你的孩子在沙滩上玩塑料玩具是很有趣的。讲孩子玩塑料玩具会很快乐；以及空后"Theyenduppollutingtheenvironmentandcanbeaccidentallyeatenbyanimals,causingthemseriousharmonevenkillingthem.Packmetalorwoodentoysinstead."它们最终会污染环境，并可能被动物误食，对它们造成严重伤害，甚至杀死它们。用金属或木制玩具代替。讲这一类玩具对海滩的危害，建议带金属或者木质玩具，D.However,plastictoysbreakeasily,leavingbehindbitsandpieces"然而，塑料玩具很容易破裂，留下碎片"说明塑料玩具的害处，与上文是转折关系，引出下文塑料玩具带来的害处的具体介绍。故选D。19．根据空前"Signsatthebeacharen'toptionalreading.Theytellyouwhereyoucan'tgoandwhatyoucan'tdo,soyoudon'tmesswiththelocalecosystem."海滩上的指示牌不是可选阅读的。他们告诉你哪里不能去，什么不能做，这样你就不会扰乱当地的生态系统。说明标识语指导海滩游客的行为，且这一句与后面一句里的they构成紧密衔接，B.Beach-goersaregenerallyadvisedtostayoffsandhills"一般建议去海滩的人远离沙丘"符合语境，承接下文"Theyarestormbarriersandhometomanyanimals."它们是风暴的屏障，也是许多动物的家园。"说明标识语会建议人们远离沙丘，因为沙丘是海滩动物的保护屏障和家园。故选B。20．根据空前"Seaturtleshaveheavybodiesandtheycandieiftheyfallintoaholeandgettrapped."海龟的身体很重，如果掉进洞里被困住，它们就会死亡。讲在沙滩建立的沙堡和渠道的一个危害，E.Sandstructuresalsocanpreventthemfromreachingbirthingareas"沙子结构也会阻止它们到达产仔区"符合语境，接着讲另外一个危害。故选E。【答案】21．C；22．A；23．D；24．B；25．A；26．C；27．C；28．D；29．B；30．A；31．B；32．D；33．C；34．A；35．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述为了将阳光和快乐传递给更多的人，农民汤普森和家人在农场里种植向日葵，前来游玩的人纷纷好评。

【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。21．句意：现在，每个人的生活中都需要一点阳光，所以威斯康星州的一位农民决定在他的田地里种植200多万朵向日葵。A.used"使用"；B.learned"学会"；C.decided"决定"；D.promised"保证"。根据空前"Everyonecouldusealittlesunshineintheirliferightnow"可知，这是这个农民种向日葵的原因，即这个原因让他决定种向日葵。故选C。22．句意：斯科特·汤普森(ScottThompson)一家在基诺沙县务农已有70多年的历史，今年是第一次用鲜花装饰这片土地。A.farming"耕种"；B.planting"种植"；C.gardening"做园艺工作"；D.decorating"装潢"。根据上文"aWisconsinfarmer"可知，农民应该是从事耕种行业。故选A。23．句意：斯科特·汤普森(S