2025年高中英语常考词根词缀

2025年高中英语常考词根词缀汇总导语在高中阶段，利用单词形式拓展记忆的唯一方式就是：构词法构词法是指单词构成的规律，主要包括派生法、合成法和转化法三种。派生法是指通过为一个单词加入前缀或后缀构成另外一个词。合成法是指把两个或两个以上的词素放在一起，构成另一个词。转换法是指在词形不变，即不加入词缀的情况下，一个单词转换为不同的词性。今天，小编将向大家汇总分享高中英语常见的构词法应用，希望对你的英语学习有帮助！1派生法一：使用后缀通过为单词加入后缀构成另一个词，后缀一般只改变词性，不改变词义。1形容词、动词变名词-ence，-ance结尾名词存在exist-existence发生occur-occurrence查阅/参考refer-reference更喜欢/偏好prefer-preference不同differ-difference接受accept-acceptance出现/外表appear-appearance履行perform-performance抵制resist-resistance指导guide-guidance进入enter-entrance保险insure-insurance帮助assist-assistance忍受endure-endurance/tolerate-tolerance-tion，-sion结尾的名词生产produce-production介绍introduce-introduction消费consume-consumption减少reduce-reduction认为/假设assume-assumption/suppose-supposition毁灭destroy-destruction描写describe-description打断interrupt-interruption采纳/收养adopt-adoption防止prevent-prevention接收/接待处receive-reception解决solve-solution进化evolve-evolution建议suggest-suggestion编辑/版本edit-edition展览exhibit-exhibition打算/意图intend-intention认出recognize-recognition解释/定义define-definition保护protect-protection方向/指导direct-direction指令instruct-instruction建设construct-construction注射inject-injection感染infect-infection驳斥reject-rejection反对object-objection/oppose-opposition连接connect-connection收集collect-collection纠正correct-correction视察inspect-inspection挨饿starve-starvation组织organize-organization文明civilize-civilization认知realize-realization考试examine-examination决定determine-determination形成form-formation通知inform-information想象imagine-imagination运输transport-transportation邀请invite-invitation期待expect-expectation诱惑tempt-temptation改编/适应adapt-adaptation移民immigrate-immigration模仿imitate-imitation准备prepare-preparation探索explore-exploration考虑consider-consideration宣布declare-declaration装饰decorate-decoration激发/灵感inspire-inspiration放松/休闲relax-relaxation交流communicate-communication占用/职业occupy-occupation满足satisfy-satisfaction申请、应用apply-application暗示imply-implication推荐recommend-recommendation口译、理解interpret-interpretation结合combine-combination操作、手术operate-operation犹豫hesitate-hesitation教育educate-education定位locate-location指出indicate-indication参加participate-participation计算calculate-calculation欣赏、感激appreciate-appreciation联想、协会associate-association分离separate-separation冬眠hibernate-hibernation赔偿compensate-compensation调查investigate-investigation庆祝celebrate-celebration祝贺congratulate-congratulation翻译translate-translation积累accumulate-accumulation加速accelerate-acceleration捐赠donate-donation解放liberate-liberation动力motivate-motivation革新innovate-innovation集中concentrate-concentration游行、示威demonstrate-demonstration贡献contribute-contribution分发distribute-distribution促进promote-promotion致力devote-devotion/dedicate-dedication沮丧

frustrate-frustration/depress-depression印象impress-impression表达express-expression拥有、财产possess-possession讨论discuss-discussion扩大expand-expansion延伸extend-extension承认admit-admission允许permit-permission排放emit-emission爆炸explode-explosion结论conclude-conclusion决定decide-decision划分divide-division迷惑confuse-confusion–ment结尾的名词广告advertise-advertisement同意agree-agreement惊奇amaze-amazement吃惊astonish-astonishment通告announce-announcement安排arrange-arrangement评估assess-assessment发展develop-development失望disappoint-disappointment雇佣、就业employ-employment鼓舞encourage-encouragement款待、娱乐entertain-entertainment装备equip-equipment统治、政府govern-government改进improve-improvement投资invest-investment卷入involve-involvement管理manage-management惩罚punish-punishment要求require-requirement退休retire-retirement定居settle-settlement陈述state-statement对待、招待、治疗treat-treatment以…….为基础base-basement人行道pave-pavement完成achieve-achievement；accomplish-accomplishment–ness结尾的名词形容词变名词：

意识

aware-awareness/conscious-consciousness苦bitter-bitterness盲目blind-blindness冷静calm-calmness聪明clever-cleverness疯狂crazy-craziness渴望eager-eagerness公平fair-fairness愚蠢foolish-foolishness适合fit-fitness幸福、愉快happy-happiness疾病ill-illness友好kind-kindness懒惰lazy-laziness孤独lonely-loneliness宁静quiet-quietness悲伤sad-sadness严重性serious-seriousness甜美sweet-sweetness稳定steady-steadiness厚度thick-thickness累tired-tiredness弱点weak-weakness冷cold-coldness紧张nervous-nervousness思乡homesick-homesickness粗心careless-carelessness自私selfish-selfishness无私

selfless-selflessness/unselfishunselfishness无助helpless-helplessness无望hopeless-hopelessness–age结尾的名词婚姻marry-marriage短缺short-shortage储存store-storage包裹pack-package车厢carry-carriage通道pass-passage–th结尾的名词温暖warm-warmth真理true-truth死亡dead-death成长grow-growth–ure结尾的名词快乐please-pleasure离开depart-departure暴露expose-exposure压力press-pressure失败fail-failure混合mix-mixture签名sign-signature–ce结尾的名词形容词转变为名词：缺席absent-absence出席present-presence信心confident-confidence方便convenient-convenience不同different-difference勤奋diligent-diligence远的、距离distant-distance明显的、证据evident-evidence优秀excellent-excellence重要important-importance独立independent-independence天真innocent-innocence智力intelligent-intelligence公正just-justice耐心patient-patience浪漫romantic-romance沉默silent-silence暴力violent-violence

动词转化为名词：冒犯offend-offence防御defend-defense/defence建议advise-advice设施devise-device–dom结尾的名词自由free-freedom王国king-kingdom智慧wise-wisdom–hood结尾的名词孩童时代childhood男孩时代boyhood邻里neighborhood–ship结尾的名词所有权ownership锦标赛championship友谊friendship手艺craftsmanship奖学金scholarship领导力leadership艰难hardship关系relationship–ing结尾的名词农业farming变暖warming园艺gardening学业schooling绘画painting意思meaning绘画drawing训练training录音tape-recording衣物clothing感觉feeling十字路口crossing工资earnings问候greeting储蓄savings发生的事happenings发现findings财产belongings痛苦sufferings贡品offerings环境surroundings保龄球bowling举重weight-lifting射击shooting摔跤wrestling2名词、动词变形容词–y结尾的形容词名词变形容词：阳光灿烂的sun-sunny多雨的rain-rainy被雪覆盖的snow-snowy有风的wind-windy有暴风雪的storm-stormy寒冷的chill-chilly多雾的fog-foggy有霜的frost-frosty冰冷的ice-icy阴沉的gloom-gloomy布满星辰的star-starry泥泞的mud-muddy布满灰尘的dust-dusty脏的dirt-dirty健康的health-healthy富有的wealth-wealthy霸道的boss-bossy臭的smell-smelly美味的taste-tasty咸的salt-salty皮包骨的skin-skinny贪婪的greed-greedy迅速的speed-speedy棘手的、狡猾的trick-tricky动词变形容词：爱挑剔的choose-choosy/pick-picky黏的stick-sticky悦耳易记的catch-catchy害怕的scare-scary滑溜的slip-slippery-al，-ial结尾的形容词全球的globe-global文化的culture-cultural农业的agriculture-agricultural情景的situation-situational有条件的condition-conditional环境的environment-environmental化学的chemistry-chemical医学的medicine-medical原始的origin-original政治的politics-political实际的practice-practical理论的theory-theoretical音乐的music-musical感情的emotion-emotional国家的nation-national自然的nature-natural个人的person-personal偶尔的occasion-occasional精神上的mind-mental身体上的physics-physical偶然的accident-accidental教育的education-educational技术上的technique-technical心理上的psychology-psychological沿海的coast-coastal种族的race-racial面部的face-facial工业的industry-industrial金融的finance-financial商业的commerce-commercial官方的office-official有益的benefit-beneficial典型的type-typical有影响的influence-influential-ful，-less结尾的形容词感激的thank-thankful=grateful充足的plenty-plentiful美丽的beauty-beautiful成功的success-successful可怕的awe-awful忠实的faith-faithful和平的peace-peaceful高兴的

joy-joyful/cheer-cheerful=enjoyable非常干净的spot-spotless无休止的end-endless无家可归的home-homeless无工作的job-jobless=unemployed身无分文的penny-penniless无私的self-selfless=unselfish无目标的aim-aimless无线的wire-wireless无限的limit-limitless珍贵的/无价的

price-priceless=invaluable毫无价值的

value-valueless/worth-worthless无语的speech-speechless上气不接下气的breath-breathless小心的，粗心的care-careful，careless多彩的，无色的color-colorful，colorless有用的，无用的use-useful，useless成果丰硕的，无成效的

fruit-fruitful，fruitless强大的，无能力的

power-powerful，powerless有意义的，无意义的meaning-meaningfulmeaningless=pointless=senseless痛苦的，不痛的pain-painful，painless后悔的，无悔的

regret-regretful，regretless有害的，无害的

harm-harmful，harmless闲适宁静的，躁动不安的

rest-restful，restless优雅的，粗鲁的

grace-graceful，graceless抱有希望的，无望的

hope-hopeful，hopeless有帮助的/愿意帮忙的，无助的

help-helpful，helpless考虑周到的/不周到的

thought-thoughtful，thoughtless-(i)ous结尾的形容词

名词变形容词：许多的number-numerous多山的mountain-mountainous冒险的adventure-adventurous紧张的nerve-nervous有毒的poison-poisonous危险的danger-dangerous灾难的disaster-disastrous小心的caution-cautious营养的nutrition-nutritious宗教的religion-religious宽敞的space-spacious有抱负的ambition-ambitious神秘的mystery-mysterious-able，-(s)ible结尾的形容词(不)可预见的

predict-(un)predictable(不)可避免的avoid-(un)avoidable(不)可忘的forget-(un)forgettable(不)想要的desire-(un)desirable(不)舒服的comfort-(un)comfortable有(不)利的favor-(un)favorable(不)合适的suit-(un)suitable(不)可忍受的bear-(un)bearable(不)可忍受的endure-(un)endurable(不)可信的believe-(un)believable(不)可信的credit-(in)credible(不)可接近的access-(in)accessible看(不)见的view-(in)visible(不)可治愈的cure-(in)curable支付得起的afford-affordable适应力强的adapt-adaptable可更新的renew-renewable便携的port-portable多变的change-changeable可吃的eat-eatable可依靠的rely-reliable可行的work-workable有价值的value-valuable合理的reason-reasonable高兴的enjoy-enjoyable流行的fashion-fashionable-tive结尾的形容词动词变形容词：多产的produce-productive迷人的attract-attractive有创造力的create-creative保护的protect-protective预防性的prevent-preventive健谈的talk—talkative可共替代的alter-alternative相关的relate-relative有教育意义的instruct-instructive有竞争力的compete-competitive名词变形容词：有效的effect-effective贵的expense-expensive-tic，-fic结尾的形容词系统的system-systematic科学的science-scientific戏剧般的drama-dramatic浪漫的romance-romantic有同情心的sympathy-sympathetic精力充沛的energy-energetic-en结尾的形容词羊毛的wool-woolen金色的gold-golden木制的wood-wooden以-some结尾的形容词英俊的hand—handsome令人惊叹的awe-awesome令人烦恼的trouble-troublesome烦人的tire-tiresome-ly结尾的形容词致命的dead-deadly活跃的live-lively友好的friend-friendly兄弟般的brother-brotherly有次序的order-orderly昂贵的cost-costly每月的month-monthly每天的day-daily3形容词、名词变动词-fy结尾的动词净化pure-purify简化simple-simplify美化beautiful-beautify使合理化just-justify使恐惧terrible-terrify使震惊horrible-horrify合格化quality-qualify分类class—classify认出identity-identify认识到real-realize使现代化modern-modernize使工业化industrial-industrialize使普及popular-popularize集权central-centralize使全球化global-globalize使理想化ideal-idealize使稳定stable-stabilize使正常化normal-normalize社会化social-socialize使专门化special-specialize使物质化material-materialize总结summary-summarize记忆memory-memorize-en结尾的动词变暗dark-darken加快quick-quicken削尖sharp-sharpen削弱weak-weaken松开loose-loosen变紧tight-tighten软化soft-soften使更明亮bright-brighten恶化bad-worsen减少little-lessen减轻/变亮light-lighten变黑black-blacken加宽broad-broaden缩短short-shorten加深deep-depth-deepen加长long-length-lengthen加宽wide-width-widen加高high-height-heighten加强strong-strength-strengthen-e结尾的动词(注意发音变化)n.-v.洗澡bath-bathe呼吸breath-breathe给……穿衣cloth-clothe2派生法二：使用前缀通过为单词加入前缀构成另一个词，前缀一般不改变词性，只改变词义。超过over-无意中听到overhear超过overtake睡过头oversleep推翻overthrow/overturn人口过剩overpopulation克服overcome忽略/俯视overlook重新re-康复/找回recover脱(衣服等)/移开remove续借/更换/续签renew回收利用recycle替代replace使恢复精力refresh改革reform复习review前的pre-前提precondition预告predict战前的prewar幼儿园preschool预演preview前的ex-前妻ex-wife前总统ex-president后的post-

战后的post-war研究生postgraduate多的multi-多媒体multimedia多元文化的multicultural多项选择的multiple-choice远的tele-电话telephone电视television电报telegram电信telecommunications望远镜telescope相互的inter-面试interview国际的international互联网internet相互作用interact微小的micro-麦克风microphone微波microwave微软microsoft显微镜microscope自动的auto-汽车automobile自传autobiography亲笔签名autograph自动地automatically副的vice-副总统vice-president副总理vice-premier

生态的eco-

生态学ecology生态系统ecosystem生态友好的eco-friendly潜/次一级sub-潜意识subconscious亚热带的subtropical地铁subway潜水艇submarine郊区的suburban副标题subtitle半semi-办熟练semi-skilled半决赛semi-final三tri-三轮车tricycle三角形triangle横跨trans-转移transfer转变transform传播transmit移植transplant3派生法三：表否定的前缀或后缀in-，im-/il-，ir-不活跃的inactive不贵的inexpensive缺乏经验的inexperienced随便的informal不完整的incomplete不方便的inconvenient独立的independent间接的indirect不重要的insignificant无能力的incapable/incompetent不合适的improper/inappropriate不精确的inaccurate/incorrect/inexact不充足的inadequate/insufficient不成熟的immature不耐烦的impatient不完美的imperfect不可能的impossible不礼貌的impolite不合逻辑的illogical不合法的illegal不规则的irregular不负责的irresponsibleun-不寻常的unusual不安的uneasy不公平的unfair/unjust不知道的unaware/unconscious不确定的Uncertain不受欢迎的unpopular不普通的uncommon不愉快的unpleasant不重要的unimportant不必要的unnecessary不成功的unsuccessful没被注意unnoticed不整洁的untidy不合理的unreasonable未完成的unfinished/undone脱衣undress打开unfold卸车unload开……的锁unlock解冻unfreeze出土/挖掘unearth拧开uncover解开undo/unpack揭露uncoverdis-消失disappear不鼓励discourage揭露disclose发现discover不同意disagree不同意disapprove不服从disobey不诚实的dishonest不满意的dissatisfied可耻的disgraceful弱点disadvantage絮乱disordermis-误导(v.)mislead误导的(adj.)misleading误解(v.)misunderstand滥用misuse误解(n.)misunderstanding拼错misspell不信任mistrustanti-防空的anti-aircraft防冻剂antifreeze抗日战争Anti-JapaneseWar反社会的antisocialde-降级degrade减少decrease贬值devalue解冻defrost毁林deforestationill-

虐待ill-treat信息不足的ill-informed不礼貌的ill-mannered不合时宜的ill-timed不合适的ill-fitting没教养的ill-bred考虑欠周的ill-considered不健康的illhealthnon-非营利的non-profit直达的non-stop不吸烟者non-smoker防滑的non-slip废话nonsense非暴力non-violence不可再生资源non-renewableresources-free无忧无虑的carefree无利息的interest-free免税的duty-free-proof防水的waterproof防震的shockproof41合成形容词adj.+present漂亮的good-looking闻着芳香的sweet-smelling随和的easy-going长相一般的ordinary-lookingadv.+presentparticiple永久的ever-lasting职位高的high-ranking畅销货best-sellinggoods=bestselleradv.+pastparticiple

著名的well-known新婚的

newly-married本地制造的locally-produced坚信的firmly-believed密切相关的closely-related广泛接受的

widely-accepted穿着随意的informally-dressed容易形成的easily-formed牢固的

strongly-built高度发达的highly-developed人口稠密的

densely-populated正式发行的officially-released正式承认的officially-recognizedn.+presentparticiple省时的time-saving耗能的energy-consuming爱好和平的peace-loving制片的film-making伤心的heart-breaking令人惊叹的breathtaking说英语的English-speaking解决问题的problem-solving令人垂涎的

mouth-watering赢利的profit-makingn.+pastparticiple

国营的state-owned由衷的

heartfelt人造的

man-made覆盖雪的snow-covered粗糙的

weather-beaten国产的home-made一贫如洗的

poverty-stricken好奇心驱使的curiosity-driven个体经营的self-employed政府支持的

government-backedn.+adj.环保的environment-friendly=environmentallyfriendly节能的energy-efficient有成本效益的cost-effectiveadj.+n.+-ed心不在焉的absent-minded心地善良的kind-hearted目光短浅的short-sighted近视的near-sighted左撇子的left-handed头发花白的white-haired长尾巴的long-tailed和蔼可亲的good-natured脾气坏的bad-tempered思想开明的open-minded狭隘的narrow-minded头脑简单的simple-minded有空调的air-conditionedn.+-ed详细的detail—detailed有经验的experience—experienced有天赋的gift—gifted/talent—talented有技能的skill—skilled2合成名词缺点drawback框架framework人类

mankind发源地birthplace壁炉

fireplace木柴

firewood标志性建筑landmark

手电筒flashlight车前灯headlight床上用品

bedclothes日光daylight白天daytime晚间

night-time

总部/总公司

headquarters拂晓

sunrise傍晚

sunset阳光

sunshine城市商业区

downtown小山坡

hillside合作teamwork瀑布

waterfall降雨量

rainfall视力eyesight薄饼pancake仓库warehouse软件software硬件

hardware

草地grassland农田f